The relationship between serum soluble ACE 2 protein level and the clinical course of COVID-19 disease
Abstract
Aims: The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) molecule, which mediates the entry of the virus into the cell, plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease. However, its effect on prognosis has not been fully explained. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between soluble ACE 2 (sACE 2) levels in the blood and the course of the disease.
Methods: sACE 2 levels at 0, 3 and 5 days were measured in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020 and August 30, 2020.
Results: 69 patients, 35 (51.5%) female and 34 (49.3%) male, with a mean age of 64.3±2.1 were included in the study. 42.0% of the patients had mild, 30.4% moderate, 27.5% severe pneumonia. Clinical follow-up of 7 patients resulted in death. There was no statistically significant difference between sACE 2 levels and gender, severity of pneumonia, initial hospitalization, presence of intubation and mortality.
Conclusion: sACE 2 levels were not associated with disease severity and inflammatory markers. Studies in larger patient populations are needed to explain the relationship between sACE 2 activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to develop new treatment strategies.
Supporting Institution
Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
Project Number
21.GENEL.007
References
- Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206.
- Qiu P, Zhou Y, Wang F, et al. Clinical characteristics, laboratory outcome characteristics, comorbidities, and complications of related COVID-19 deceased: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(9):1869-1878.
- Li J, Huang DQ, Zou B, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1449-1458.
- Wang J, Zhao H, An Y. ACE2 shedding and the role in COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;11:789180.
- Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1456-474.
- Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(8):1-5.
- Almehdi AM, Khoder G, Alchakee AS, Alsayyid AT, Sarg NH, Soliman SSM. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: pathogenesis, vaccines, and potential therapies. Infection. 2021;49(5):855-876.
- Mousavizadeh L, Ghasemi S. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(2):159-163.
- Bayati A, Kumar R, Francis V, McPherson PS. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells after viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2021;296:100306.
- Zhang J, Xiao T, Cai Y, Chen B. Structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Curr Opin Virol. 2021;50:173-82.
- Watanabe Y, Allen JD, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Crispin M. Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Science. 2020;369:330-333.
- Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F. The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:14-20.
- Xiao L, Sakagami H, Miwa N. ACE2: the key molecule for understanding the pathophysiology of severe and critical conditions of COVID-19: demon or angel? Viruses. 2020;12(5):491.
- Cheng H, Wang Y, Wang GQ. Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):726-730.
- Rice GI, Jones AL, Grant PJ, Carter AM, Turner AJ, Hooper NM. Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study. Hypertension. 2006;48(5):914-920.
- British Society of Thoracic Imaging. Thoracic Imaging in COVID-19 Infection. Guidance for the Reporting Radiologist. Ver sion 2. 16th March 2020. UK: BSTI. Avaliable at: https://www.bsti.org.uk/media/resources/files/BSTI_COVID-19_Radiology_Guidance_versio.
- Karthika T, Joseph J, Akshay Das VR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry is independent of the ACE2 cytoplasmic domain signaling. Cells. 2021;10(7):1814.
- Yeung ML, Teng JLL, Jia L, et al. Soluble ACE2-mediated cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system. Cell. 2021;184:2212-2228.e12.
- Monteil V, Kwon H, Prado P, et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2. Cell. 2020;181(4):905-913.e7.
- Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(5):259-260.
- Mohammadi P, Varpaei HA, Seifi A, et al. Soluble ACE2 as a risk or prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2022;36:135.
- Robertson J, Nellgård B, Hultén LM, et al. Sex difference in circulating soluble form of ACE2 protein in moderate and severe COVID-19 and healthy controls. Front Med. 2022;9:1058120.
- Avanoglu Guler A, Tombul N, Aysert Yıldız P, et al. The assessment of serum ACE activity in COVID-19 and its association with clinical features and severity of the disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2021;81(2):160-165.
Abstract
Project Number
21.GENEL.007
References
- Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206.
- Qiu P, Zhou Y, Wang F, et al. Clinical characteristics, laboratory outcome characteristics, comorbidities, and complications of related COVID-19 deceased: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(9):1869-1878.
- Li J, Huang DQ, Zou B, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1449-1458.
- Wang J, Zhao H, An Y. ACE2 shedding and the role in COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;11:789180.
- Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1456-474.
- Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(8):1-5.
- Almehdi AM, Khoder G, Alchakee AS, Alsayyid AT, Sarg NH, Soliman SSM. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: pathogenesis, vaccines, and potential therapies. Infection. 2021;49(5):855-876.
- Mousavizadeh L, Ghasemi S. Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(2):159-163.
- Bayati A, Kumar R, Francis V, McPherson PS. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells after viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2021;296:100306.
- Zhang J, Xiao T, Cai Y, Chen B. Structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Curr Opin Virol. 2021;50:173-82.
- Watanabe Y, Allen JD, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Crispin M. Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Science. 2020;369:330-333.
- Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F. The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:14-20.
- Xiao L, Sakagami H, Miwa N. ACE2: the key molecule for understanding the pathophysiology of severe and critical conditions of COVID-19: demon or angel? Viruses. 2020;12(5):491.
- Cheng H, Wang Y, Wang GQ. Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):726-730.
- Rice GI, Jones AL, Grant PJ, Carter AM, Turner AJ, Hooper NM. Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study. Hypertension. 2006;48(5):914-920.
- British Society of Thoracic Imaging. Thoracic Imaging in COVID-19 Infection. Guidance for the Reporting Radiologist. Ver sion 2. 16th March 2020. UK: BSTI. Avaliable at: https://www.bsti.org.uk/media/resources/files/BSTI_COVID-19_Radiology_Guidance_versio.
- Karthika T, Joseph J, Akshay Das VR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry is independent of the ACE2 cytoplasmic domain signaling. Cells. 2021;10(7):1814.
- Yeung ML, Teng JLL, Jia L, et al. Soluble ACE2-mediated cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system. Cell. 2021;184:2212-2228.e12.
- Monteil V, Kwon H, Prado P, et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2. Cell. 2020;181(4):905-913.e7.
- Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(5):259-260.
- Mohammadi P, Varpaei HA, Seifi A, et al. Soluble ACE2 as a risk or prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2022;36:135.
- Robertson J, Nellgård B, Hultén LM, et al. Sex difference in circulating soluble form of ACE2 protein in moderate and severe COVID-19 and healthy controls. Front Med. 2022;9:1058120.
- Avanoglu Guler A, Tombul N, Aysert Yıldız P, et al. The assessment of serum ACE activity in COVID-19 and its association with clinical features and severity of the disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2021;81(2):160-165.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Infectious Diseases |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 21.GENEL.007 |
| Early Pub Date | September 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | September 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 5 |
Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS].
The Directories (indexes) and Platforms we are included in are at the bottom of the page.
Note: Our journal is not WOS indexed and therefore is not classified as Q.
You can download Council of Higher Education (CoHG) [Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK)] Criteria) decisions about predatory/questionable journals and the author's clarification text and journal charge policy from your browser. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/2316/file/4905/show
The indexes of the journal are ULAKBİM TR Dizin, Index Copernicus, ICI World of Journals, DOAJ, Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), General Impact Factor, ASOS Index, WorldCat (OCLC), MIAR, EuroPub, OpenAIRE, Türkiye Citation Index, Türk Medline Index, InfoBase Index, Scilit, etc.
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
The platforms of the journal are Google Scholar, CrossRef (DOI), ResearchBib, Open Access, COPE, ICMJE, NCBI, ORCID, Creative Commons, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our Journal using the DergiPark system indexed are;
Ulakbim TR Dizin, Index Copernicus, ICI World of Journals, Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), General Impact Factor, ASOS Index, OpenAIRE, MIAR, EuroPub, WorldCat (OCLC), DOAJ, Türkiye Citation Index, Türk Medline Index, InfoBase Index
Our Journal using the DergiPark system platforms are;
Journal articles are evaluated as "Double-Blind Peer Review".
Our journal has adopted the Open Access Policy and articles in JHSM are Open Access and fully comply with Open Access instructions. All articles in the system can be accessed and read without a journal user. https//dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jhsm/page/9535
Journal charge policy https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jhsm/page/10912
Editor List for 2022
Assoc. Prof. Alpaslan TANOĞLU (MD)
Prof. Aydın ÇİFCİ (MD)
Prof. İbrahim Celalaettin HAZNEDAROĞLU (MD)
Prof. Murat KEKİLLİ (MD)
Prof. Yavuz BEYAZIT (MD)
Prof. Ekrem ÜNAL (MD)
Prof. Ahmet EKEN (MD)
Assoc. Prof. Ercan YUVANÇ (MD)
Assoc. Prof. Bekir UÇAN (MD)
Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Sinan DAL (MD)
Our journal has been indexed in DOAJ as of May 18, 2020.
Our journal has been indexed in TR-Dizin as of March 12, 2021.
Articles published in the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine have open access and are licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.