Abstract
Anthrax, is a zoonotic infection which is rarely seen in pregnants and it is transmitted by contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. There are three different forms, most commonly on the skin, in the lung and in the gastrointestinal tract. It is related with maternal and fetal death. Due to the fact that the appropriate medication and the correct dose selection are difficult and it is a risky population in terms of the reliability of the treatment applied; a guideline was prepared by the CDC in 2010 for preventions to be taken for pregnancy and postpartum episodes of anthrax. Taking the necessary measures to prevent contact, if possible, as a first step; after exposure, qualified health care should be provided in coordination with public health centers. Prevention of preterm births is important. Vaccination is recommended in pregnant women who have a high probability of exposure. If exposure is low, vaccination can be delayed to post-delivery. Antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin is recommended for high exposure. Symptoms and findings may be misleading due to physiological changes in pregnant women with anthrax; diagnostic methods should be used by assessing benefit / loss ratio. Severe infections should be monitored in intensive care units and should be prepared for birth at any time; interventions should be the same as non-pregnant populations.
References
- 1. Ertek M. Şarbonun ülkemizdeki durumu. Ankem Derg.2011; 25(Suppl. 2): 88-91.
- 2. Yeşilbağ Z, Kader Ç. Deri Şarbonu: Bir Olgu Sunumu. Klimik Dergisi 2014; 27(3): 114-7.
- 3. Elçin Öİ. Potansiyel Tehlike: Şarbon. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi (sted) 2001;10 (10):366-70.
- 4. Kadanali A, Tasyaran MA, Kadanali S.Anthrax during pregnancy: case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 May 15;36(10):1343-6.
- 5. Ahfeld F, Marchand F. Ahfelds’ Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe.1898; 11:239.
- 6. Kohour E, Sehat A, Asharf M. Anthrax: a continuous problem in Southwest Iran. Am J Med Sci. 1964 May;247:565-75.
- 7. DelmanMD, Zotti ME, Rasmussen SA, Strasser S, Shadomy S, Turcios-Ruiz RM, Wendel GD Jr, Treadwell TA, Jamieson DJ. Anthrax cases in pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;120(6):1439-49.
- 8. Yıldız D. Gebe Kadınlar ve Çocuklar İçin Biyokimyasal Tehdit Durumu ve Yaklaşımlar. TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(6) : 677-88.
- 9. Ghenghesh KS, Rezgalla T, El-Tobgi R. Anthrax: A Review. Jamahiriya Medical Journal· January 2002;2 (1):17-23.
- 10. World Health Organization (WHO). Anthrax in humans and animals. 4th ed. 2008. ISBN 978 92 4 154753 6 (NLM classification: WC 305).
- 11. Karaaslan O. Anthrax in pregnancy: Case Report. East J Med 2018; 23(3): 222-24.
- 12. Tomasiewicz K, Modrzewska R. Facial Cutaneous Anthrax in a Pregnant Woman: a Case Report. Braz J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;2(6):304-7.
- 13. Wiesen AR, Littell CT. Relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and pregnancy and birth outcomes among US Army women. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1556-60.
- 14. Ryan MA, Smith TC, Sevick CJ, Honner WK, Loach RA, Moore CA, Erickson JD. Birth defects among infants born to women who received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Aug 15;168(4):434-42.
- 15. Wright JG, Quinn CP, Shadomy S, Messonnier N. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1e30.
- 16. Rotz LD, Dotson DA, Damon IK, Becher JA, Advisory Committee on Immunization P. Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001;50:1e25. quiz CE1e7.
- 17. Rasmussen SA, Watson AK, Kennedy ED, Broder KR, Jamieson DJ. Vaccines and pregnancy: past, present, and future. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Jun;19(3):161-9.
- 18. ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion number 268, February 2002. Management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 366- 368.
- 19. Catherino WH, Levi A, Kao TC, Leondires MP, McKeeby J, Segars JH. Anthrax vaccine does not affect semen parameters, embryo quality, or pregnancy outcome in couples with a vaccinated male military service member. Fertil Steril. 2005 Feb;83(2):480-3.
Abstract
Şarbon gebelerde nadir görülen; enfekte hayvanlarla ya da kontamine hayvan ürünleriyle temas ile bulaşan zoonotik bir enfeksiyondur. En sık ciltte olmak üzere, akciğerde ve gastrointestinal sistemde tutulum yapmasına göre 3 farklı formu mevcuttur. Maternal ve fetal ölüm ile ilişkilidir. Uygun ilaç ve doğru doz seçiminin zor olması, uygulanan tedavinin güvenilirliği açısından riskli bir popülasyon olması nedeniyle; 2010 yılında CDC tarafından gebelikte ve doğum sonrası dönemdeki şarbon vakaları için alınacak önlemlerle ilgili bir kılavuz hazırlanmıştır. İlk basamak olarak mümkünse temasın engellenmesi için gereken önlemlerin alınması; maruziyetten sonra da toplum sağlığı merkezleri ile koordine olarak nitelikli sağlık hizmeti sunulmalıdır. Preterm doğumların önlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Şarbon maruziyeti ihtimali kuvvetli olan gebelerde aşılama önerilmektedir. Maruziyet düşük ise aşılama doğum sonrasına bırakılabilir.Yüksek maruziyette siprofloksasin ve amoksisilin ile antibiyotik profilaksisi önerilir. Şarbon geçiren gebelerde fizyolojik değişikliklerden dolayı belirti ve bulgular yanıltıcı olabilmektedir; tanı yöntemleri yarar/zarar değerlendirilerek kullanılmalıdır. Şiddetli enfeksiyonlarda yoğun bakımda takip gerekmektedir her an doğum için hazırlıklı olunmalıdır; yapılması gereken girişimler ise gebe olmayan popülasyon ile aynı olmalıdır.
References
- 1. Ertek M. Şarbonun ülkemizdeki durumu. Ankem Derg.2011; 25(Suppl. 2): 88-91.
- 2. Yeşilbağ Z, Kader Ç. Deri Şarbonu: Bir Olgu Sunumu. Klimik Dergisi 2014; 27(3): 114-7.
- 3. Elçin Öİ. Potansiyel Tehlike: Şarbon. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi (sted) 2001;10 (10):366-70.
- 4. Kadanali A, Tasyaran MA, Kadanali S.Anthrax during pregnancy: case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 May 15;36(10):1343-6.
- 5. Ahfeld F, Marchand F. Ahfelds’ Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe.1898; 11:239.
- 6. Kohour E, Sehat A, Asharf M. Anthrax: a continuous problem in Southwest Iran. Am J Med Sci. 1964 May;247:565-75.
- 7. DelmanMD, Zotti ME, Rasmussen SA, Strasser S, Shadomy S, Turcios-Ruiz RM, Wendel GD Jr, Treadwell TA, Jamieson DJ. Anthrax cases in pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;120(6):1439-49.
- 8. Yıldız D. Gebe Kadınlar ve Çocuklar İçin Biyokimyasal Tehdit Durumu ve Yaklaşımlar. TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(6) : 677-88.
- 9. Ghenghesh KS, Rezgalla T, El-Tobgi R. Anthrax: A Review. Jamahiriya Medical Journal· January 2002;2 (1):17-23.
- 10. World Health Organization (WHO). Anthrax in humans and animals. 4th ed. 2008. ISBN 978 92 4 154753 6 (NLM classification: WC 305).
- 11. Karaaslan O. Anthrax in pregnancy: Case Report. East J Med 2018; 23(3): 222-24.
- 12. Tomasiewicz K, Modrzewska R. Facial Cutaneous Anthrax in a Pregnant Woman: a Case Report. Braz J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;2(6):304-7.
- 13. Wiesen AR, Littell CT. Relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and pregnancy and birth outcomes among US Army women. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1556-60.
- 14. Ryan MA, Smith TC, Sevick CJ, Honner WK, Loach RA, Moore CA, Erickson JD. Birth defects among infants born to women who received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Aug 15;168(4):434-42.
- 15. Wright JG, Quinn CP, Shadomy S, Messonnier N. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1e30.
- 16. Rotz LD, Dotson DA, Damon IK, Becher JA, Advisory Committee on Immunization P. Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001;50:1e25. quiz CE1e7.
- 17. Rasmussen SA, Watson AK, Kennedy ED, Broder KR, Jamieson DJ. Vaccines and pregnancy: past, present, and future. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Jun;19(3):161-9.
- 18. ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion number 268, February 2002. Management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 366- 368.
- 19. Catherino WH, Levi A, Kao TC, Leondires MP, McKeeby J, Segars JH. Anthrax vaccine does not affect semen parameters, embryo quality, or pregnancy outcome in couples with a vaccinated male military service member. Fertil Steril. 2005 Feb;83(2):480-3.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2020 |
| Submission Date | February 25, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | March 2, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 17 Issue: 3 |
