Research Article
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Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 608 - 616, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001319

Abstract

Backround: Mothers' perceptions of labor, their perspectives on the birth process and the events they experience in this process, and the meanings they attribute to them may differ.
Aim: This study was conducted to determine women's perception of traumatic birth and the affecting factors.
Design and Methods: The study was conducted between Feburary 1 and April 10, 2021. A nonrandom sampling method, the snowball sampling method, wasused in the study. Data were collected using The Trauma Perception Scale for Regarding Birth.
Findings: The difference between the Perception of Trauma Related to Birth Scale scores according to age, education level, employment status, social security, income level, family structure, duration of marriage, number of births, number of children and receiving prenatal care is statistically significant. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Midwives and nursings have important duties in order to improve the perception of traumatic birth, which affects women so much, and to leave its place to positive birth experiences.

Thanks

We would like to thank mothers who participated in this study.

References

  • 1. Mucuk KO, Ozkan H. The Relationship between childbirth satisfaction and motherhood role. International Journal of Health Sciences 2018;6:8-15.
  • 2. Karaman OE, Yildiz H: Freedom of Movement During Labor: How? What Does it Provide? What is the Role of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nurses? Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018;10:78-87.
  • 3. Sayıner F, Ozerdogan N. Natural birth. Maltepe University Nursing Science and Art Journal 2009;2(3):2143-148.
  • 4. Gottvall K, Waldenström U. Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2002;109:254-260.
  • 5. Isbir GG, Inci F, Bektas,M., Yildiz PD, Ayers S. Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery 2016;41:96-103.
  • 6. Ayers S. Thoughts and emotions during traumatic birth: a qualitative study. Birth 2007;34:253-263.
  • 7. Beck CT, Watson S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: a tale of two pathways. Nursing Research 2008;57:228-236.
  • 8. Taghizadeh Z, Irajpour A, Arbabi M. Mothers' response to psychological birth trauma: a qualitative study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2013;15(10):e10572.
  • 9. Beck CT, Watson S. Subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth. Nursing Research 2010;59:241-249.
  • 10. Olde E, van der Hart O, Kleber R, Van Son M. Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: a review. Clinical Psychology Review 2006;26:1-16.
  • 11. Ayers S, Wright DB, Thornton A. Development of a measure of postpartum PTSD: the city birth trauma scale. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2018;9:409.
  • 12. Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017;208:634-645.
  • 13. Isbir GG, Inci F. Traumatic childbirth and nursing approache. Journal of Women's Health Nursing 2014;1:29-40.
  • 14. Mucuk O. Developing the trauma perception scale for regarding delivery (dissertation). Erzurum: Atatürk University. 2020.
  • 15. Aydin N, Yildiz H. Effects of traumatic birth experience and transmission intergenerational Travmatik doğum deneyiminin etkileri ve nesiller arası aktarımı. Journal of Human Sciences 2018;15:604-618.
  • 16. Homayi Ghanbari- S, Fardiazar Z, Meedya S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M., et al. Predictors of traumatic birth experience among a group of Iranian primipara women: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019;19:1-9.
  • 17. Uysal B. Assessment of women's birth experience and postpartum satisfaction (dissertation). Eskisehir: Osmangazi University. 2017.
  • 18. Michels A, Kruske S, Thompson R. Women’s postnatal psychological functioning: the role of satisfaction with intrapartum care and the birth experience. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2013;31:172-182.
  • 19. Bay F. Traumatic birth perception in women and relationship with postpartum depression (dissertation). Eskişehir: Osmangazi University. 2019.
  • 20. Celik G. The incidence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder symptomsin mothers according to their delivery method and affecting factors, (dissertation). Ankara: Hacettepe University. 2018.
  • 21. Creedy DK, Shochet IM, Horsfall J. Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors. Birth 2000; 27:104-111.
  • 22. Czarnocka J, Slade Pi Prevalence and predictors of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2000;39:35-51.
  • 23. Söderquist J, Wijma B, Thorbert G, Wijma K. Risk factors in pregnancy for post‐traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2009;116:672-680.
  • 24. Zlotogora J. Parental decisions to abort or continue a pregnancy with an abnormal finding after an invasive prenatal test. Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation With the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis 2002;22:1102-1106.
  • 25. Modarres M, Afrasiabi S, Rahnama P, Montazeri A. Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012;12:1-6.
  • 26. Taghizadeh Z, Irajpour A, Nedjat S, Arbabi M, Lopez V. Iranian mothers’ perception of the psychological birth trauma: a qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 2014;9:31.
  • 27. Mermer G, Bilge Ai, Yucel U, Ceber E. Evaluation of perceived social support levels in pregnancy and postpartum periods. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2010;1(2):71-76.
  • 28. Ayers S. Fear of childbirth, postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder and midwifery care. Midwifery 2014;30:145-148.
  • 29. De Schepper S., Vercauteren T., Tersago J., Jacquemyn Y., Raes F. et al. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after childbirth and the influence of maternity team care during labour and birth: A cohort study. Midwifery 2016;32:87-92.
  • 30. Gulec D, Ozturk R, Sevil U, Kazandi M. The Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Perceived Social Support of Pregnant Women. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014;24:36-41.
  • 31. Ust ZD, Pasinlioglu T. Determination of anxieties related to delivery and postpartum period in primiparous and multiparous pregnant women. HSP 2015;2:306-317.
  • 32. Akpinar B, Kirlioglu M. Investigation of marital adjustment in terms of some variables and the effect of gender role attitude on marital adjustment. Journal of Selcuk University Vocational School of Social Sciences 2020;2(23):736-746.
  • 33. Zastrow C, Ashman KK. Human Behavior and Social Environment. 1th ed. Ankara: Nika Publishing; 2014.
  • 34. Imširagić AS, Begić D, Šimičević L, Bajić Ž. Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology after childbirth–A Croatian longitudinal study. Women and Birth 2017;30:e17-e23.
  • 35. Dilcen HY, Genc RE. The role of midwives to prevent traumatic childbirths. Life Sciences 2019;14:64-73.
  • 36. Yurtsal Z, Eroglu V. The Knowledge and opinions among pregnant women about home birth by midwife-led continuity model of care. STED 2020;3(29):197-206.
  • 37. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. WHO. 2016; 85-90p.
  • 38. Gurol A, Apay SE, Sonmez T. Effects of the labour fear on the prenatal attachment and determination of the affecting factors. Arch Health Sci Res 2020;7(2):137-45.
  • 39. Ip WY, Tang CS, Goggins WB. An educational intervention to improve women’s ability to cope with childbirth. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009;18:2125-2135.
  • 40. Miquelutti MA, Cecatti JG, Makuch MY. Antenatal education and the birthing experience of Brazilian women: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2013;13:1-8.
  • 41. Byrne J, Hauck Y, Fisher C, Bayes S, Schutze R. Effectiveness of a mindfulness‐based childbirth education pilot study on maternal self‐efficacy and fear of childbirth. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2014;59:192-197.
  • 42. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho‐education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth 2014;41:384-394.
  • 43. Sercekus P, Baskale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery 2016;34:166-172.
  • 44. Sercekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009;25:155-162.
  • 45. Schwab W, Marth C, Bergant A. Post-traumatic stress disorder post partum: the impact of birth on the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in multiparous women. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 2012;72:56.
  • 46. Moghadam MF, Shamsi A, Moro FH. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among women with normal vaginal delivery in Zahedan city. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 2015;1:15-19.
  • 47. Soet JE, Brack GA, DiIorio C. Prevalence and predictors of women's experience of psychological trauma during childbirth. Birth 2003;30:36-46.
  • 48. Alehagen S, Wijma K, Wijma B. Fear during labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2001;80:315-315.
  • 49. Aktas S. Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience. Med-Science 2018;7:203-209.
Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 608 - 616, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001319

Abstract

References

  • 1. Mucuk KO, Ozkan H. The Relationship between childbirth satisfaction and motherhood role. International Journal of Health Sciences 2018;6:8-15.
  • 2. Karaman OE, Yildiz H: Freedom of Movement During Labor: How? What Does it Provide? What is the Role of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nurses? Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018;10:78-87.
  • 3. Sayıner F, Ozerdogan N. Natural birth. Maltepe University Nursing Science and Art Journal 2009;2(3):2143-148.
  • 4. Gottvall K, Waldenström U. Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2002;109:254-260.
  • 5. Isbir GG, Inci F, Bektas,M., Yildiz PD, Ayers S. Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery 2016;41:96-103.
  • 6. Ayers S. Thoughts and emotions during traumatic birth: a qualitative study. Birth 2007;34:253-263.
  • 7. Beck CT, Watson S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: a tale of two pathways. Nursing Research 2008;57:228-236.
  • 8. Taghizadeh Z, Irajpour A, Arbabi M. Mothers' response to psychological birth trauma: a qualitative study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2013;15(10):e10572.
  • 9. Beck CT, Watson S. Subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth. Nursing Research 2010;59:241-249.
  • 10. Olde E, van der Hart O, Kleber R, Van Son M. Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: a review. Clinical Psychology Review 2006;26:1-16.
  • 11. Ayers S, Wright DB, Thornton A. Development of a measure of postpartum PTSD: the city birth trauma scale. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2018;9:409.
  • 12. Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017;208:634-645.
  • 13. Isbir GG, Inci F. Traumatic childbirth and nursing approache. Journal of Women's Health Nursing 2014;1:29-40.
  • 14. Mucuk O. Developing the trauma perception scale for regarding delivery (dissertation). Erzurum: Atatürk University. 2020.
  • 15. Aydin N, Yildiz H. Effects of traumatic birth experience and transmission intergenerational Travmatik doğum deneyiminin etkileri ve nesiller arası aktarımı. Journal of Human Sciences 2018;15:604-618.
  • 16. Homayi Ghanbari- S, Fardiazar Z, Meedya S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M., et al. Predictors of traumatic birth experience among a group of Iranian primipara women: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019;19:1-9.
  • 17. Uysal B. Assessment of women's birth experience and postpartum satisfaction (dissertation). Eskisehir: Osmangazi University. 2017.
  • 18. Michels A, Kruske S, Thompson R. Women’s postnatal psychological functioning: the role of satisfaction with intrapartum care and the birth experience. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2013;31:172-182.
  • 19. Bay F. Traumatic birth perception in women and relationship with postpartum depression (dissertation). Eskişehir: Osmangazi University. 2019.
  • 20. Celik G. The incidence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder symptomsin mothers according to their delivery method and affecting factors, (dissertation). Ankara: Hacettepe University. 2018.
  • 21. Creedy DK, Shochet IM, Horsfall J. Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors. Birth 2000; 27:104-111.
  • 22. Czarnocka J, Slade Pi Prevalence and predictors of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2000;39:35-51.
  • 23. Söderquist J, Wijma B, Thorbert G, Wijma K. Risk factors in pregnancy for post‐traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2009;116:672-680.
  • 24. Zlotogora J. Parental decisions to abort or continue a pregnancy with an abnormal finding after an invasive prenatal test. Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation With the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis 2002;22:1102-1106.
  • 25. Modarres M, Afrasiabi S, Rahnama P, Montazeri A. Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012;12:1-6.
  • 26. Taghizadeh Z, Irajpour A, Nedjat S, Arbabi M, Lopez V. Iranian mothers’ perception of the psychological birth trauma: a qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 2014;9:31.
  • 27. Mermer G, Bilge Ai, Yucel U, Ceber E. Evaluation of perceived social support levels in pregnancy and postpartum periods. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2010;1(2):71-76.
  • 28. Ayers S. Fear of childbirth, postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder and midwifery care. Midwifery 2014;30:145-148.
  • 29. De Schepper S., Vercauteren T., Tersago J., Jacquemyn Y., Raes F. et al. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after childbirth and the influence of maternity team care during labour and birth: A cohort study. Midwifery 2016;32:87-92.
  • 30. Gulec D, Ozturk R, Sevil U, Kazandi M. The Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Perceived Social Support of Pregnant Women. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014;24:36-41.
  • 31. Ust ZD, Pasinlioglu T. Determination of anxieties related to delivery and postpartum period in primiparous and multiparous pregnant women. HSP 2015;2:306-317.
  • 32. Akpinar B, Kirlioglu M. Investigation of marital adjustment in terms of some variables and the effect of gender role attitude on marital adjustment. Journal of Selcuk University Vocational School of Social Sciences 2020;2(23):736-746.
  • 33. Zastrow C, Ashman KK. Human Behavior and Social Environment. 1th ed. Ankara: Nika Publishing; 2014.
  • 34. Imširagić AS, Begić D, Šimičević L, Bajić Ž. Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology after childbirth–A Croatian longitudinal study. Women and Birth 2017;30:e17-e23.
  • 35. Dilcen HY, Genc RE. The role of midwives to prevent traumatic childbirths. Life Sciences 2019;14:64-73.
  • 36. Yurtsal Z, Eroglu V. The Knowledge and opinions among pregnant women about home birth by midwife-led continuity model of care. STED 2020;3(29):197-206.
  • 37. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. WHO. 2016; 85-90p.
  • 38. Gurol A, Apay SE, Sonmez T. Effects of the labour fear on the prenatal attachment and determination of the affecting factors. Arch Health Sci Res 2020;7(2):137-45.
  • 39. Ip WY, Tang CS, Goggins WB. An educational intervention to improve women’s ability to cope with childbirth. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009;18:2125-2135.
  • 40. Miquelutti MA, Cecatti JG, Makuch MY. Antenatal education and the birthing experience of Brazilian women: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2013;13:1-8.
  • 41. Byrne J, Hauck Y, Fisher C, Bayes S, Schutze R. Effectiveness of a mindfulness‐based childbirth education pilot study on maternal self‐efficacy and fear of childbirth. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2014;59:192-197.
  • 42. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho‐education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth 2014;41:384-394.
  • 43. Sercekus P, Baskale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery 2016;34:166-172.
  • 44. Sercekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009;25:155-162.
  • 45. Schwab W, Marth C, Bergant A. Post-traumatic stress disorder post partum: the impact of birth on the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in multiparous women. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 2012;72:56.
  • 46. Moghadam MF, Shamsi A, Moro FH. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among women with normal vaginal delivery in Zahedan city. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 2015;1:15-19.
  • 47. Soet JE, Brack GA, DiIorio C. Prevalence and predictors of women's experience of psychological trauma during childbirth. Birth 2003;30:36-46.
  • 48. Alehagen S, Wijma K, Wijma B. Fear during labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2001;80:315-315.
  • 49. Aktas S. Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience. Med-Science 2018;7:203-209.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Mucuk This is me 0000-0002-6751-1206

Hava Özkan 0000-0001-7314-0934

Publication Date May 31, 2022
Submission Date September 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mucuk, Ö., & Özkan, H. (2022). Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(2), 608-616. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001319
AMA Mucuk Ö, Özkan H. Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. JBACHS. May 2022;6(2):608-616. doi:10.30621/jbachs.1001319
Chicago Mucuk, Özlem, and Hava Özkan. “Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (May 2022): 608-16. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001319.
EndNote Mucuk Ö, Özkan H (May 1, 2022) Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 2 608–616.
IEEE Ö. Mucuk and H. Özkan, “Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting”, JBACHS, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 608–616, 2022, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.1001319.
ISNAD Mucuk, Özlem - Özkan, Hava. “Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6/2 (May 2022), 608-616. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1001319.
JAMA Mucuk Ö, Özkan H. Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. JBACHS. 2022;6:608–616.
MLA Mucuk, Özlem and Hava Özkan. “Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 608-16, doi:10.30621/jbachs.1001319.
Vancouver Mucuk Ö, Özkan H. Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. JBACHS. 2022;6(2):608-16.