Toxic Metal Contents and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment in Cultured Trout Sampled from Samsun Fish Market
Abstract
Metals are a severe threat because of their toxicity, protracted persistence, bio-accumulative nature, and biomagnification in the food chain. This study carried out to investigate the potential health hazards of four hazardous metallic elements via trout consumption. Twenty specimens of big trout were purchased between March and June 2022 from Samsun Fish Market. The metallic elements were assessed by the contamination level of non-essential arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) in the edible tissues of big trout. The results didn't show any significant differences between months. The lowest metal level was Cd, followed by Hg Pb and As. The findings of the assessment of potential dangers to human health revealed that the indices for estimated weekly intake (EWI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) are below the specified welfare standards. Additionally, there was no potential carcinogenic risk to human health because the total THQs, hazard index (HI) and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index fell below the thresholds. In conclusion, it was determined that the consumption of O. mykiss taken from Samsun Fish Market did not cause any health problems.
Keywords
Hazard index metals Oncorhynchus mykiss target hazard quotient Hedef tehlike katsayısı metaller tehlike indeksi
Supporting Institution
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Project Number
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Thanks
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References
- Bat, L. (2014). Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea. In: Düzgüneş E, Öztürk B, Zengin M. (Eds.). Turkish Fisheries in the Black Sea. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey, 40, 71-107.
- Bat, L. (2017). The contamination status of heavy metals in fish from the Black Sea, Turkey and potential risks to human health. In: Sezgin, M., Bat, L., Ürkmez, D., Arıcı, E., Öztürk, B. (Eds.) Black Sea Marine Environment: The Turkish Shelf. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, TURKEY, 46, 322-418.
- Bat, L. & Arici, E. (2018). Heavy metal levels in fish, molluscs, and crustacea from Turkish seas and potential risk of human health. In Food Quality: Balancing Health and Disease 159-196p. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press: UK.
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Öztekin, A. & Şahin, F. (2021). Farmed Turkish salmon: Toxic metals and health threat. Foods and Raw Materials, 9(2), 317-323. DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-317-323.
- Bat, L., Oztekin, A. & Yardim, O. (2018). Metal levels in large sea trout from Sinop fish market. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(12), 8505- 8508.
- Bat, L, Şahin F, Bhuyan, M.S., Arici, E. & Öztekin A. (2022a). Metals in wild and cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from fish markets in Sinop: Consumer’s health risk assessment. Biological Trace Element Research, 200, 4846-4854. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021- 03064-8.
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Bhuyan, M.S., Öztekin, A. & Şahin, F. (2022b). Assessment of toxic and essential elements in muscles of Sparus aurata with special reference to impacts on human health. Madridge J Aquac Res Dev, 3(1), 43-48.
- Bernhard, M. (1976). Manual of Methods in the Aquatic Environment Research. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper FIRI/T no.158, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome.
- Beşli, E.S., Verep, B. & Akın, Ş. (2016). Effect of water salinity on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). El-Cezerî Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 3(2), 222-228.
- Commission Regulation (EC). (2006). Official Journal of the European Union. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in food stuffs. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, 364: 5-24.
- Dizman, S., Görür, F.K., & Keser, R. (2017). Assessment of human health risk from heavy metals levels in water and tissues of two trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo coruhensis) from the Fırtına and Güneysu Rivers in Turkey. Toxin Reviews, 36(4), 306-312.
- FAO/WHO. (2011). Food standards programme codex committee on contaminants in foods. Fifth Session Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Hague, the Netherlands, 21-25 March 2011.
- GAIN (Global Agriculture Information Network) Report. (2002). Russian Federation Sanitary/ Phytosanitary/ Food Safety Russian Sanitary Rules and Norms. GAIN Report #RS2010.
- SanPiN-96. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Gossanepidnadzor Department of the Ministry of Public Health Care of Russia.
- Georgian Food Safety Rules. (2001). Fish, other river/sea products and products made from them. SanPiN2.3.2.560-96. The Minister's Decree 16/08/2001 N301/n for Health, Labour and Social Affairs.
- Gundoğdu, A., Yardim, O., Bat, L. & Culha Türk, S. (2009). Accumulation of zinc in liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum 1792). Fresen Environ Bull, 18, 40-4.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2002). Notifications about determination of the maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs of Turkish Food Codex (in Turkish). (Notification No: 2002/63), Issue: 24885.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2009). Notifications changes to the maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (in Turkish). (Notification No: 2009/22), Issue: 27143.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2011). Turkish food codex contains regulation, no 28157.
- Öztürk, D.K. (2022). Element concentrations of cultured fish in the Black Sea: selenium-mercury balance and the risk assessments for consumer health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(58), 87998-88007. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022- 21914-3.
- Öğretmen, Ö.Y. (2023). Investigation of antibiotic residue, nitrofuran compounds, microbial properties and heavy metal amount in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 1-13. DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2023.2179906.
- Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS). (2022). University of Tennessee, Available from: https://rais.ornl.gov/index.html
- Terzi, E. & Verep, B. (2012). Effects of water hardness and temperature on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicology and Industrial Health, 28(6), 499-504. TUIK. Turkish Fishery Statistics. (2022). Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (IRIS). (2022). Washington, DC. Integrated Risk Information System, Available at: http://www.epa.gov/iris/.
- Varol, M., Kaya, G.K. & Alp, A. (2017). Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in a dam reservoir on the Firat (Euphrates) River: Risk-based consumption advisories. Science of the Total Environment, 599, 1288-1296.
- Verep, B., Terzi, E. & Besli, E.S. (2016). A research on the sensitivity of trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to some metals (HgCl2, ZnSO4, PbCl2). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(10), 4141-4147.
- Verep, B., Beşli, E.S., Altinok, I. & Mutlu, C. (2007a). Assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity on rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chubs (Alburnoides bipunctatus). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(7), 1098-1102.
- Verep, B., Akin, S., Mutlu, C., Ertugral, B., Apaydin, G. & Cevik, U. (2007b). Assesment of trace elements in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the marine aquaculture cages on the black sea coast. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 16(9A), 1005-1011.
- WHO. (1996). Trace elements in human nutrition and health. World Health Organization. Macmillan – Ceuterick, India-Belgium.
- WHO. (2000). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Report of the Fifty-Third of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series No 896 Geneva.
- Yardım, Ö. & Bat, L. (2020). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of Rainbow trout from Samsun fish markets. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(2), 260-263. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.702810.
Samsun Balık Halinden Alınan Kültür Alabalıklarında Zehirli Metal İçerikleri ve Potansiyel İnsan Sağlığı Risk Değerlendirmesi
Abstract
Metaller, toksisiteleri, uzun süreli kalıcılıkları, biyo-birikimli yapıları ve besin zincirindeki biyo-magnifikasyonları nedeniyle ciddi bir tehdittir. Bu çalışma, alabalık tüketimi yoluyla dört tehlikeli metalik elementin, potansiyel sağlık tehlikelerini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Mart ve Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında Samsun Balık Hali'nden 20 adet iri alabalık örneği satın alınmıştır. Metalik elementler, büyük alabalıkların yenilebilir dokularındaki esansiyel olmayan arsenik (As), kurşun (Pb), cıva (Hg) ve kadmiyumun (Cd) kirlenme düzeyi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar aylar arasında önemli bir fark göstermemiştir. En düşük metal düzeyi Cd, ardından Hg, Pb ve As olmuştur. İnsan sağlığına yönelik potansiyel tehlikelerin değerlendirilmesinin bulguları, tahmini haftalık alım (EWI) ve hedef tehlike katsayısı (THQ) endekslerinin, belirtilen sağlık standartlarının altında olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla beraber, toplam THQ'lar, tehlike indeksi (HI) ve toplam karsinojenik risk (TCR) indeksi eşik değerlerin altına düştüğü için insan sağlığı açısından potansiyel kanserojen riski yoktu. Sonuç olarak Samsun Balık Hali'nden alınan O. mykiss tüketiminin herhangi bir sağlık sorununa yol açmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Project Number
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References
- Bat, L. (2014). Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea. In: Düzgüneş E, Öztürk B, Zengin M. (Eds.). Turkish Fisheries in the Black Sea. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey, 40, 71-107.
- Bat, L. (2017). The contamination status of heavy metals in fish from the Black Sea, Turkey and potential risks to human health. In: Sezgin, M., Bat, L., Ürkmez, D., Arıcı, E., Öztürk, B. (Eds.) Black Sea Marine Environment: The Turkish Shelf. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, TURKEY, 46, 322-418.
- Bat, L. & Arici, E. (2018). Heavy metal levels in fish, molluscs, and crustacea from Turkish seas and potential risk of human health. In Food Quality: Balancing Health and Disease 159-196p. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press: UK.
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Öztekin, A. & Şahin, F. (2021). Farmed Turkish salmon: Toxic metals and health threat. Foods and Raw Materials, 9(2), 317-323. DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-317-323.
- Bat, L., Oztekin, A. & Yardim, O. (2018). Metal levels in large sea trout from Sinop fish market. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(12), 8505- 8508.
- Bat, L, Şahin F, Bhuyan, M.S., Arici, E. & Öztekin A. (2022a). Metals in wild and cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from fish markets in Sinop: Consumer’s health risk assessment. Biological Trace Element Research, 200, 4846-4854. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021- 03064-8.
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Bhuyan, M.S., Öztekin, A. & Şahin, F. (2022b). Assessment of toxic and essential elements in muscles of Sparus aurata with special reference to impacts on human health. Madridge J Aquac Res Dev, 3(1), 43-48.
- Bernhard, M. (1976). Manual of Methods in the Aquatic Environment Research. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper FIRI/T no.158, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome.
- Beşli, E.S., Verep, B. & Akın, Ş. (2016). Effect of water salinity on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). El-Cezerî Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 3(2), 222-228.
- Commission Regulation (EC). (2006). Official Journal of the European Union. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in food stuffs. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, 364: 5-24.
- Dizman, S., Görür, F.K., & Keser, R. (2017). Assessment of human health risk from heavy metals levels in water and tissues of two trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo coruhensis) from the Fırtına and Güneysu Rivers in Turkey. Toxin Reviews, 36(4), 306-312.
- FAO/WHO. (2011). Food standards programme codex committee on contaminants in foods. Fifth Session Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Hague, the Netherlands, 21-25 March 2011.
- GAIN (Global Agriculture Information Network) Report. (2002). Russian Federation Sanitary/ Phytosanitary/ Food Safety Russian Sanitary Rules and Norms. GAIN Report #RS2010.
- SanPiN-96. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Gossanepidnadzor Department of the Ministry of Public Health Care of Russia.
- Georgian Food Safety Rules. (2001). Fish, other river/sea products and products made from them. SanPiN2.3.2.560-96. The Minister's Decree 16/08/2001 N301/n for Health, Labour and Social Affairs.
- Gundoğdu, A., Yardim, O., Bat, L. & Culha Türk, S. (2009). Accumulation of zinc in liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum 1792). Fresen Environ Bull, 18, 40-4.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2002). Notifications about determination of the maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs of Turkish Food Codex (in Turkish). (Notification No: 2002/63), Issue: 24885.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2009). Notifications changes to the maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (in Turkish). (Notification No: 2009/22), Issue: 27143.
- Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. (2011). Turkish food codex contains regulation, no 28157.
- Öztürk, D.K. (2022). Element concentrations of cultured fish in the Black Sea: selenium-mercury balance and the risk assessments for consumer health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(58), 87998-88007. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022- 21914-3.
- Öğretmen, Ö.Y. (2023). Investigation of antibiotic residue, nitrofuran compounds, microbial properties and heavy metal amount in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 1-13. DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2023.2179906.
- Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS). (2022). University of Tennessee, Available from: https://rais.ornl.gov/index.html
- Terzi, E. & Verep, B. (2012). Effects of water hardness and temperature on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicology and Industrial Health, 28(6), 499-504. TUIK. Turkish Fishery Statistics. (2022). Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (IRIS). (2022). Washington, DC. Integrated Risk Information System, Available at: http://www.epa.gov/iris/.
- Varol, M., Kaya, G.K. & Alp, A. (2017). Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in a dam reservoir on the Firat (Euphrates) River: Risk-based consumption advisories. Science of the Total Environment, 599, 1288-1296.
- Verep, B., Terzi, E. & Besli, E.S. (2016). A research on the sensitivity of trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to some metals (HgCl2, ZnSO4, PbCl2). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(10), 4141-4147.
- Verep, B., Beşli, E.S., Altinok, I. & Mutlu, C. (2007a). Assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity on rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chubs (Alburnoides bipunctatus). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(7), 1098-1102.
- Verep, B., Akin, S., Mutlu, C., Ertugral, B., Apaydin, G. & Cevik, U. (2007b). Assesment of trace elements in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the marine aquaculture cages on the black sea coast. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 16(9A), 1005-1011.
- WHO. (1996). Trace elements in human nutrition and health. World Health Organization. Macmillan – Ceuterick, India-Belgium.
- WHO. (2000). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Report of the Fifty-Third of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series No 896 Geneva.
- Yardım, Ö. & Bat, L. (2020). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of Rainbow trout from Samsun fish markets. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(2), 260-263. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.702810.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | -- |
| Early Pub Date | June 13, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 22, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | April 24, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
