Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

INVESTIGATING SUICIDE IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENDER: LOCAL POLYNOMIAL AND LOCAL QUANTILE MODEL APPROACHES

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1059 - 1078, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.862907

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between suicide rates and the human development level, which were previously determined linearly or curvilinear, was examined nonparametrically. Considering the dependence of the relationship on gender, female, male and general suicide rates were analyzed separately. In addition, quantile models were used to examine the structure of the relationship for countries with different suicide rates, and these models were also estimated nonparametrically to gain flexibility. As a result, it has been determined that there is a non-linear relationship between development level and suicide rates and this relationship differs according to gender. It was observed that there was an inverted U for the general and male suicide rates, and a U-shaped relationship in female suicide rates, and these relationship structures became more pronounced as suicide rates increased.

References

  • Agerbo, E., Stack, L., & Petersen, L. (2011). Social integration and suicide: Denmark, 1906–2006. The Social Science Journal, 48, 630-640.
  • Ak, M., Özmenler, K. N., & Özşahin, A. (2009). Psikolojik otopsi ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaları. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 332-335.
  • Alothman, D. & Fogarty, A. (2020). Global differences in geography, religion and other societal factors are associated with sex differences in mortality from suicide: an ecological study of 182 countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 67–72.
  • Bedeian, A. G. (1982). Suicide and occupation: a review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21(2), 206-223.
  • Buhai, I. (2005). Quantile regression: overview and selected applications. Ad Astra, 4, 1-17.
  • Chang, Q., Yip, P.S.F., & Chen, Y.Y. (2019). Gender inequality and suicide gender ratios in the world. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 297–304.
  • Chuang, H.L. & Huang, W.C. (1996). A reexamination of ‘sociological and economic theories of suicide: a comparison of the U.S.A. and Taiwan’. Social Science ve Medicine, 43(3), 421-423.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E., Saçaklı Saçıldı, İ., & Oskonbaeva, Z. (2015). The rate of returns for female employees in the public-private sectors in Kyrgyzstan: a quantile regression approach. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences, 384-399.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. & Kangallı Uyar, S. (2017). R uygulamalı nonparametrik ekonometri. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Durkheim, E. (1897). Le suicide. Paris: Felix Alcan.
  • Dünya Bankası (The World Bank) veri tabanı. Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020, https://data.worldbank.org
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO). (2019). Suicide in the world: global health estimates. Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://www.who.int/health-topics/suicide#tab=tab_1
  • Evans, J., Middleton, N. & Gunnell, D. (2004). Social fragmentation, severe mental ıllness and suicide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39 (3),165-70.
  • Fan, J. & Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial modelling and its applications. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Hempstead, K. (2006). The geography of self-injury: spatial patterns in attempted and completed suicide. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 3186-3196.
  • Innamorati, M., Lester, D., Amore, M., Girardi, P., Tatarelli, R. & Pompili, M. (2010). Alcohol consumption predicts the EU suicide rates in young women aged 15-29 years but not in men: analysis of trends and differences among early and new EU countries since 2004. Alcohol, 44, 463-469.
  • İlgün, G., Yetim, B., Demirci, Ş. & Konca, M. (2019). Individual and socio-demographic determinants of suicide: an examination on WHO countries. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1-5.
  • Kapusta, N. D. & Sonneck, G. (2004). Suicides of men in austria: an epidemiological analysis over a 30-year period. JMGH, 1(2-3), 197-202.
  • Khazaei, S., Armanmehr, V., Nematollahi, S., Rezaeian, S. & Khazaei, S. (2017). Suicide rate in relation to the human development index and other health related factors: a global ecological study from 91 countries. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7, 131–134.
  • Koenker, R. & Bassett, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica, 33-50.
  • Koenker, R. (2005). Quantile regression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kuroki, M. (2010). Suicide and unemployment in Japan: evidence from municipal level suicide rates and age-specific suicide rates. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39, 683-691.
  • Lester, B.Y. (2001). Learnings from Durkheim and beyond: the economy and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(1), 15-31.
  • Levin, K. A. & Leyland, A. H. (2005). Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981–1999. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 2877-2890.
  • Lotrakul, M. (2006). Suicide in Thailand during the period 1998-2003. Psychiat Clin Neurosci, 60, 90-95.
  • Mayer, P. (2000). Development, gender equality, and suicide rates. Psychological Reports, 87, 367-372.
  • Middleton, N., Sterne, J. A. & Gunnell, D. J. (2008). An atlas of suicide mortality: England and Wales, 1988-1994. Health ve Place, 14, 492-506.
  • UNDP Türkiye. (2019). Human development report. Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020, https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home.html
  • Poduri, P.G.S. (2015). Time series analysis of Indian suicides: correlation with human development index (HDI). Acta Medica International, 2(1), 122-124.
  • Rehkopf, D.H. & Buka, S.L. (2006). The association between suicide and the socio-economic characteristics of geographical areas: a systematic review. Psychol Med., 36(2),145-157.
  • Shah, A. (2009).The relationship between elderly suicide rates and the human development index: a cross-national study of secondary data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(1), 69–77.
  • Shah, A. (2010). A replication of the relationship between elderly suicide rates and the human development index: a cross-national study. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(5), 727–732.
  • Sharma, B. R., Gupta, M., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, S., Gupta, N., Relhan, N. & Singh, H. (2007). Suicides in Northern India: comparison of trends and review of literatüre. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 14, 318-326.
  • Shen, J., Zhao, S. & Ye, M. (2019). Suicide prediction analysis with generalized addictive model. 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), October 10-12, New York City, NY, USA, Proceeding Book, 1069-1073.
  • Strand, B. H. & Kunst, A. (2006). Childhood socioeconomic status and suicide mortality in early adulthood among Norwegian men and women. a prospective study of Norwegians born between 1955 and 1965 followed for suicide from 1990 to 2001. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 2825-2834.
  • TÜİK. (2020). İntihar İstatistikleri. Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Search/Search?text=intihar&dil=1
  • Whitley, E., Gunnell, D., Dorling, D. & Smith, G. D. (1999). Ecological study of social fragmentation, poverty, and suicide. BMJ, 319, 1034-1037.
  • Vijayakumar, L., Sujit, J., Jane, P. & Harvey, W. (2005). Suicide in developing countries (2) crisis. The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 26(3), 112-119.
  • Vyssoki, B., Praschak-Rieder N., Sonneck, G., Blüml, V., Willeit, M., Kasper, S., & Kapusta, N.D. (2012). Effects of sunshine on suicide rates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 535-539.
  • Yu, K. & Jones, M. (1997). A comparison of local constant and local linear regression quantile estimators. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 159-166.

İNTİHARIN GELİŞMİŞLİK VE CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ: YEREL POLİNOMİYAL VE YEREL KANTİL MODEL YAKLAŞIMLARI

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1059 - 1078, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.862907

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, daha önce doğrusal veya eğrisel olarak tespit edilen intihar oranları ile ülkelerin insani gelişmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişki nonparametrik olarak incelenmiştir. İlişkinin cinsiyete bağımlılığı düşünülerek kadın, erkek ve genel intihar oranları ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Yine farklı intihar oranlarına sahip ülkeler için ilişkinin yapısını incelemek amacıyla kantil modeller kullanılmış ve esneklik kazanmak için bu modeller de nonparametrik olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçta, gelişmişlik düzeyi ile intihar oranları arasında doğrusal olmayan bir ilişkinin var olduğu ve bu ilişkinin cinsiyete göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Genel ve erkek intihar oranları için ters U, kadın intihar oranlarında ise normal U biçiminde karesel bir ilişkinin olduğu ve bu ilişki yapılarının intihar oranları yükseldikçe daha belirgin hale geldiği görülmüştür.

References

  • Agerbo, E., Stack, L., & Petersen, L. (2011). Social integration and suicide: Denmark, 1906–2006. The Social Science Journal, 48, 630-640.
  • Ak, M., Özmenler, K. N., & Özşahin, A. (2009). Psikolojik otopsi ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaları. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 332-335.
  • Alothman, D. & Fogarty, A. (2020). Global differences in geography, religion and other societal factors are associated with sex differences in mortality from suicide: an ecological study of 182 countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 67–72.
  • Bedeian, A. G. (1982). Suicide and occupation: a review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21(2), 206-223.
  • Buhai, I. (2005). Quantile regression: overview and selected applications. Ad Astra, 4, 1-17.
  • Chang, Q., Yip, P.S.F., & Chen, Y.Y. (2019). Gender inequality and suicide gender ratios in the world. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 297–304.
  • Chuang, H.L. & Huang, W.C. (1996). A reexamination of ‘sociological and economic theories of suicide: a comparison of the U.S.A. and Taiwan’. Social Science ve Medicine, 43(3), 421-423.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E., Saçaklı Saçıldı, İ., & Oskonbaeva, Z. (2015). The rate of returns for female employees in the public-private sectors in Kyrgyzstan: a quantile regression approach. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences, 384-399.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. & Kangallı Uyar, S. (2017). R uygulamalı nonparametrik ekonometri. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Durkheim, E. (1897). Le suicide. Paris: Felix Alcan.
  • Dünya Bankası (The World Bank) veri tabanı. Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020, https://data.worldbank.org
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO). (2019). Suicide in the world: global health estimates. Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://www.who.int/health-topics/suicide#tab=tab_1
  • Evans, J., Middleton, N. & Gunnell, D. (2004). Social fragmentation, severe mental ıllness and suicide. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39 (3),165-70.
  • Fan, J. & Gijbels, I. (1996). Local polynomial modelling and its applications. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Hempstead, K. (2006). The geography of self-injury: spatial patterns in attempted and completed suicide. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 3186-3196.
  • Innamorati, M., Lester, D., Amore, M., Girardi, P., Tatarelli, R. & Pompili, M. (2010). Alcohol consumption predicts the EU suicide rates in young women aged 15-29 years but not in men: analysis of trends and differences among early and new EU countries since 2004. Alcohol, 44, 463-469.
  • İlgün, G., Yetim, B., Demirci, Ş. & Konca, M. (2019). Individual and socio-demographic determinants of suicide: an examination on WHO countries. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1-5.
  • Kapusta, N. D. & Sonneck, G. (2004). Suicides of men in austria: an epidemiological analysis over a 30-year period. JMGH, 1(2-3), 197-202.
  • Khazaei, S., Armanmehr, V., Nematollahi, S., Rezaeian, S. & Khazaei, S. (2017). Suicide rate in relation to the human development index and other health related factors: a global ecological study from 91 countries. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7, 131–134.
  • Koenker, R. & Bassett, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica, 33-50.
  • Koenker, R. (2005). Quantile regression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kuroki, M. (2010). Suicide and unemployment in Japan: evidence from municipal level suicide rates and age-specific suicide rates. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39, 683-691.
  • Lester, B.Y. (2001). Learnings from Durkheim and beyond: the economy and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(1), 15-31.
  • Levin, K. A. & Leyland, A. H. (2005). Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981–1999. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 2877-2890.
  • Lotrakul, M. (2006). Suicide in Thailand during the period 1998-2003. Psychiat Clin Neurosci, 60, 90-95.
  • Mayer, P. (2000). Development, gender equality, and suicide rates. Psychological Reports, 87, 367-372.
  • Middleton, N., Sterne, J. A. & Gunnell, D. J. (2008). An atlas of suicide mortality: England and Wales, 1988-1994. Health ve Place, 14, 492-506.
  • UNDP Türkiye. (2019). Human development report. Erişim Tarihi: 24.09.2020, https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home.html
  • Poduri, P.G.S. (2015). Time series analysis of Indian suicides: correlation with human development index (HDI). Acta Medica International, 2(1), 122-124.
  • Rehkopf, D.H. & Buka, S.L. (2006). The association between suicide and the socio-economic characteristics of geographical areas: a systematic review. Psychol Med., 36(2),145-157.
  • Shah, A. (2009).The relationship between elderly suicide rates and the human development index: a cross-national study of secondary data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(1), 69–77.
  • Shah, A. (2010). A replication of the relationship between elderly suicide rates and the human development index: a cross-national study. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(5), 727–732.
  • Sharma, B. R., Gupta, M., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, S., Gupta, N., Relhan, N. & Singh, H. (2007). Suicides in Northern India: comparison of trends and review of literatüre. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 14, 318-326.
  • Shen, J., Zhao, S. & Ye, M. (2019). Suicide prediction analysis with generalized addictive model. 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), October 10-12, New York City, NY, USA, Proceeding Book, 1069-1073.
  • Strand, B. H. & Kunst, A. (2006). Childhood socioeconomic status and suicide mortality in early adulthood among Norwegian men and women. a prospective study of Norwegians born between 1955 and 1965 followed for suicide from 1990 to 2001. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 2825-2834.
  • TÜİK. (2020). İntihar İstatistikleri. Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2020, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Search/Search?text=intihar&dil=1
  • Whitley, E., Gunnell, D., Dorling, D. & Smith, G. D. (1999). Ecological study of social fragmentation, poverty, and suicide. BMJ, 319, 1034-1037.
  • Vijayakumar, L., Sujit, J., Jane, P. & Harvey, W. (2005). Suicide in developing countries (2) crisis. The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 26(3), 112-119.
  • Vyssoki, B., Praschak-Rieder N., Sonneck, G., Blüml, V., Willeit, M., Kasper, S., & Kapusta, N.D. (2012). Effects of sunshine on suicide rates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 535-539.
  • Yu, K. & Jones, M. (1997). A comparison of local constant and local linear regression quantile estimators. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 159-166.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics, Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Selahattin Güriş 0000-0002-1017-1431

Şaban Kızılarslan 0000-0003-1545-9597

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date January 17, 2021
Acceptance Date April 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güriş, S., & Kızılarslan, Ş. (2021). İNTİHARIN GELİŞMİŞLİK VE CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ: YEREL POLİNOMİYAL VE YEREL KANTİL MODEL YAKLAŞIMLARI. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 17(4), 1059-1078. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.862907