Research Article
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Sida acuta Against Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Abstract
References
- [1] J. B. Calixto, “Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents).,” Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res. = Rev. Bras. Pesqui. medicas e Biol., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 179–189, Feb. 2000.
- [2] M. Lamidi, E. Ollivier, R. Faure, L. Debrauwer, L. Nze-Ekekang, and G. Balansard, “Quinovic acid glycosides from Nauclea diderrichii.,” Planta medica, vol. 61, no. 3. Germany, pp. 280–281, Jun-1995.
- [3] F. El–Said, E. A. Sofowora, S. A. Malcolm, and A. Hofer, “An investigation into the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum as used in Nigerian native medicine,” Planta Med., vol. 17, no. 02, pp. 195–200, 1969.
- [4] C. Mbajiuka, E. Obeagu, K. Ochei, and N. Chinenye, “The Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum and Sida Acuta,” IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci., vol. 13, pp. 80–85, Jan. 2014.
- [5] F. D. Onajobi, “Smooth muscle contracting lipid-soluble principles in chromatographic fractions of Ocimum gratissimum.,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 3–11, Oct. 1986.
- [6] R. N. Okigbo and D. I. Igwe, “Antimicrobial effects of Piper guineense ‘Uziza’ and Phyllantus amarus ‘Ebe-benizo’ on Candida albicans and Streptococcus faecalis.,” Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 353–366, Dec. 2007.
- [7] J. Kayode, “Conservation of indigenous medicinal botanicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria.,” J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 713–718, Sep. 2006.
- [8] D. E. Okwu and O. Ekeke, “Phytochemical screening and mineral composition of chewing sticks in South Eastern Nigeria,” Glob. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 235–238, 2003.
- [9] A. T. N. Mshana, D. K. Abbiw, E. Addae-Mensah, NR Mshana, K Abbiw, I Addae-Mensah, E Adjanohoun, MR Ahyi, JA Ekpere, EG Enow-Orock, ZO Gbile, GK Noamesi, MA Odei, H Odunlami, AA Oteng-Yeboah, K Sarpong, A Soforowa, AN TackieAuthor(s): N. Mshana, D. K. Abbiw, E., “Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia: contribution to the revision of Ethnobotanical and Floristic Studies in Ghana,” ScienceOpen, 2000.
- [10] A. A. Raji, K. Z. Jummai, M. S. Busu, Y. Ya’aba, and I. Kolo, “In-vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Phytochemical Constituents of Methanol Leaf Extract of Prosopis africana against Some Selected Microorganisms,” J. Adv. Microbiol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019.
- [11] J. Ogbeba, F. . Iruolaje, and B. A. Dogo, “Antimicrobial Efficacy of Guiera Senegalensis and Prosopis Africana Leave Extract on Some Bacterial Pathogens,” Eur. Am. Journals, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 27–36, 2017.
- [12] K. Srinivasan, D. Natarajan, C. Mohanasundari, C. Venkatakrishnan, and N. Nagamurugan, “Antibacterial, Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacognostical Screening on the Leaves of Vicoa indica (L.)DC.,” Iran. J. Pharmacol. Ther., vol. 6, Sep. 2007.
- [13] A. W. Bauer, W. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck, “Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 493–496, Apr. 1966.
- [14] J. M. Andrews, “Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations.,” J. Antimicrob. Chemother., vol. 48 Suppl 1, pp. 5–16, Jul. 2001.
- [15] F. M. Musa, Z. K. Muhmmad-Idris, K. Abdulfatai, J. R. Wartu, and S. B. Shuaibu, “Antibacterial activities of ethanol leaf and bark extracts of Terminalia avicennioides against methicillin resistant Staphyloccocus aureus,” Sci. World J., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 119–123, 2020.
- [16] F. M. Musa, N. F. G. Haruna, A. M. Nuhu, B. Ibrahim, and S. Abdulkadir, “Antimicrobial Activity of Mitracarpus scaber Leaf Extract against Some Human Pathogenic Microorganisms,” African Sci., vol. 22, no. 1, 2022.
- [17] D. A. Akinpelu, A. O. Aiyegoro, and A. I. Okoh, “Studies on the biocidal and cell membrane disruption potentials of stem bark extracts of Afzelia africana (Smith).,” Biol. Res., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 339–349, 2009.
- [18] N. N.S, A. Afolayan, and A. Okoh, “Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: Current Methods and Future Trends,” AFRICAN J. Biotechnol., vol. 7, pp. 1797–1806, Jun. 2008.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Sida acuta Against Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Abstract
Persistent evolution of multidrug resistance bacteria due to inappropriate use of conventional antibiotics is undermining treatment intervention for infectious diseases, thus constituting substantial proportion of the global public health problem. This, necessitated the search and development of new drugs particularly from plant origin that are effective against such superbugs. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the phytochemical constituents in Sida acuta and their antibacterial effects on pathogenic bacterial species of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical components of the extract were identified using standard methods. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the leaf extract against the bacterial pathogens were assessed using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method, at varying concentrations of the extract (37.50, 75, 150 and 300 mg/ml), and using Commercially obtained ciprofloxacin as control. Preliminary screening revealed that ethanolic leaf extract possesses many secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and cardiac glycosides. The extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects at (p<0.05) against the reference isolates of bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by the highest concentration of the extract (300mg/ml). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of ethanol crude extract of Sida acuta was found to be 37.5 and 75mg/ml respectively against all the reference isolates of tested bacteria. The observed antibacterial activity revealed that Sida acuta could be used for the treatment of tested bacterial infections.
References
- [1] J. B. Calixto, “Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents).,” Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res. = Rev. Bras. Pesqui. medicas e Biol., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 179–189, Feb. 2000.
- [2] M. Lamidi, E. Ollivier, R. Faure, L. Debrauwer, L. Nze-Ekekang, and G. Balansard, “Quinovic acid glycosides from Nauclea diderrichii.,” Planta medica, vol. 61, no. 3. Germany, pp. 280–281, Jun-1995.
- [3] F. El–Said, E. A. Sofowora, S. A. Malcolm, and A. Hofer, “An investigation into the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum as used in Nigerian native medicine,” Planta Med., vol. 17, no. 02, pp. 195–200, 1969.
- [4] C. Mbajiuka, E. Obeagu, K. Ochei, and N. Chinenye, “The Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum and Sida Acuta,” IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci., vol. 13, pp. 80–85, Jan. 2014.
- [5] F. D. Onajobi, “Smooth muscle contracting lipid-soluble principles in chromatographic fractions of Ocimum gratissimum.,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 3–11, Oct. 1986.
- [6] R. N. Okigbo and D. I. Igwe, “Antimicrobial effects of Piper guineense ‘Uziza’ and Phyllantus amarus ‘Ebe-benizo’ on Candida albicans and Streptococcus faecalis.,” Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 353–366, Dec. 2007.
- [7] J. Kayode, “Conservation of indigenous medicinal botanicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria.,” J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 713–718, Sep. 2006.
- [8] D. E. Okwu and O. Ekeke, “Phytochemical screening and mineral composition of chewing sticks in South Eastern Nigeria,” Glob. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 235–238, 2003.
- [9] A. T. N. Mshana, D. K. Abbiw, E. Addae-Mensah, NR Mshana, K Abbiw, I Addae-Mensah, E Adjanohoun, MR Ahyi, JA Ekpere, EG Enow-Orock, ZO Gbile, GK Noamesi, MA Odei, H Odunlami, AA Oteng-Yeboah, K Sarpong, A Soforowa, AN TackieAuthor(s): N. Mshana, D. K. Abbiw, E., “Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia: contribution to the revision of Ethnobotanical and Floristic Studies in Ghana,” ScienceOpen, 2000.
- [10] A. A. Raji, K. Z. Jummai, M. S. Busu, Y. Ya’aba, and I. Kolo, “In-vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Phytochemical Constituents of Methanol Leaf Extract of Prosopis africana against Some Selected Microorganisms,” J. Adv. Microbiol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019.
- [11] J. Ogbeba, F. . Iruolaje, and B. A. Dogo, “Antimicrobial Efficacy of Guiera Senegalensis and Prosopis Africana Leave Extract on Some Bacterial Pathogens,” Eur. Am. Journals, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 27–36, 2017.
- [12] K. Srinivasan, D. Natarajan, C. Mohanasundari, C. Venkatakrishnan, and N. Nagamurugan, “Antibacterial, Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacognostical Screening on the Leaves of Vicoa indica (L.)DC.,” Iran. J. Pharmacol. Ther., vol. 6, Sep. 2007.
- [13] A. W. Bauer, W. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck, “Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.,” Am. J. Clin. Pathol., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 493–496, Apr. 1966.
- [14] J. M. Andrews, “Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations.,” J. Antimicrob. Chemother., vol. 48 Suppl 1, pp. 5–16, Jul. 2001.
- [15] F. M. Musa, Z. K. Muhmmad-Idris, K. Abdulfatai, J. R. Wartu, and S. B. Shuaibu, “Antibacterial activities of ethanol leaf and bark extracts of Terminalia avicennioides against methicillin resistant Staphyloccocus aureus,” Sci. World J., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 119–123, 2020.
- [16] F. M. Musa, N. F. G. Haruna, A. M. Nuhu, B. Ibrahim, and S. Abdulkadir, “Antimicrobial Activity of Mitracarpus scaber Leaf Extract against Some Human Pathogenic Microorganisms,” African Sci., vol. 22, no. 1, 2022.
- [17] D. A. Akinpelu, A. O. Aiyegoro, and A. I. Okoh, “Studies on the biocidal and cell membrane disruption potentials of stem bark extracts of Afzelia africana (Smith).,” Biol. Res., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 339–349, 2009.
- [18] N. N.S, A. Afolayan, and A. Okoh, “Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: Current Methods and Future Trends,” AFRICAN J. Biotechnol., vol. 7, pp. 1797–1806, Jun. 2008.
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Medical Microbiology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 14, 2022 |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3 |
