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Menisküs Cerrahisinin Geleceği; Menisküs Doku Mühendisliği

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 128 - 140, 31.08.2017

Abstract

Son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarla diz eklemi için
menisküslerin anatomik, biyomekanik ve fonksiyonel
önemi ortaya konmuştur. Menisküs, eklemin hayati bir
parçası olarak eklem kıkırdağının bozulmasını ve osteoartit
gelişimini engellemektedir. Günümüz onarım teknikleri
menisküsün periferal vaskülarize bölgesindeki sınırlı
lezyonlarda etkili olmaktadır. Fonksiyonu, eklem
fonksiyonuyla direk ilişkili merkezi avasküler bölge
lezyonunun tedavisi ise ciddi bir sorun olarak
bulunmaktadır.
Tüm yaş grupları özellikle çocuklar artan şekilde daha
zorlu, yarışmalı ve hatta profesyonel sporlarla
uğraşmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak menisküs cerrahisi
daha genç yaşlarda uygulanmakta ve uzun yaşam süreci
içerisinde daha az sağlam menisküs dokusu
korunabilmektedir. Genç ve aktif hastalarda parsiyel
mediyal menisektomi sadece mekanik aksı hafifçe varusa
kaydırsa da diz dengesinin bozulmasında başlangıç noktası
olacaktır. Bozulan diz dengesi ve artan yüklenmenin
ardından kaçınılmaz bir şekilde osteoartit gelişimine neden
olmaktadır. Bu yüzden genç ve orta yaş hastalar için yeni
rejeneratif stratejilere ihtiyaç olduğu açıktır.
Bugüne kadar belli ölçüde menisküs lezyonlarının
restorasyonuyla anatomik ve fonksiyonel bütünlüğünün
sağlanması için invitro menisküs yapısı elde etmeye
yönelik farklı yaklaşım ve stratejiler denenmiştir.
Uygun hücre kaynaklarının seleksiyonu (otolog, allogenik,
ksenogenik ve kök hücreler) menisküs onarım
mühendisliğinde anahtar noktalardan biridir. Ayrıca çeşitli
skafoldlar geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar deneysel ve klinik
çalışmalarla üretilmekte ancak bazı problemlerde
beraberinde gelişmektedir (stresi perdeleme, degradasyon
sonucu meydana gelen yan ürünler vb). Bu problemler yeni
stratejilerin geliştirilme ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Skafoldsuz
yaklaşımlar, kendi kendine toplanarak (self – assembly)
çoğalma, birçok kimyasal/biyokimyasal ve mekanik
uyaranın, ayrıca gen terapisinin de fonksiyonel yeni doku
formasyonu oluşumundaki yeri araştırılmıştır.
Bu yazı yeni menisküs rejenerasyon stratejilerine olan
ihtiyacı ortaya koyacak şekilde günümüzdeki son duruma
bir bakış sağlarken geleceğe yönelik yapılması gerekli
çalışmalar hakkında klinisyene fikir vermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: 

References

  • 1. Makris EA, Hadidi P, Athanasiou KA. The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration. Biomaterials. 2011;32(30):7411-31
  • 2. Marsano A, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Martin I. Towards tissue engineering of meniscus substitutes: selection of cell source and culture environment. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:3656–8.
  • 3. Collier S, Ghosh P. Effects of transforming growth factor beta on proteoglycan synthesis by cell and explant cultures derived from the knee joint meniscus. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995;3:127–38.
  • 4. Gunja NJ, Athanasiou KA. Passage and reversal effects on gene expression of bovine meniscal fibrochondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9:R93.
  • 5. Peretti GM, Gill TJ, Xu JW, Randolph MA, Morse KR, Zaleske DJ. Cell-based therapy for meniscal repair: a large animal study. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:146–58.
  • 6. Weinand C, Peretti GM, Adams SB Jr. Randolph MA, Savvidis E, Gill TJ. Healing potential of transplanted allogeneic chondrocytes of three different sources in lesions of the avascular zone of the meniscus: a pilot study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006;126:599–605.
  • 7. Ramallal M, Maneiro E, Lopez E, Fuentes-Boquete I, Lopez-Armada MJ, Fernandez-Sueiro JL. Xenoimplantation of pig chondrocytes into rabbit to treat localized articular cartilage defects: an animal model. Wound Repair Regen. 2004;12:337–45.
  • 8. Hoben GM, Koay EJ, Athanasiou KA. Fibrochondrogenesis in two embryonic stem cell lines: effects of differentiation timelines. Stem Cells. 2008;26:422–30.
  • 9. Hoben GM, Willard VP, Athanasiou KA. Fibrochondrogenesis of hESCs: growth factor combinations and cocultures. Stem Cells Dev. 2009;18:283–92.
  • 10. Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S, Bennett PR, Bellantuono I, Fisk NM. Identification of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human firsttrimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow. Blood. 2001;98:2396–402.
  • 11. Caplan AI. Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213:341–7.
  • 12. Caplan AI, Dennis JE. Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators. J Cell Biochem. 2006;98:1076–84.
  • 13. Nerurkar NL, Sen S, Baker BM, Elliott DM, Mauck RL. Dynamic culture enhances stem cell infiltration and modulates extracellular matrix production on aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:485–91.
  • 14. Kopf S, Birkenfeld F, Becker R, Petersen W, Starke C, Wruck CJ. Local treatment of meniscal lesions with vascular endothelial growth factor. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2010;92:2682–91.
  • 15. Zhang ZN, Tu KY, Xu YK, Zhang WM, Liu ZT, Ou SH. Treatment of longitudinal injuries in avascular area of meniscus in dogs by trephination. Arthroscopy. 1988;4:151–9.
  • 16. Uchio Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, Kawasaki K, Iwasa J. Results of rasping of meniscal tears with and without anterior cruciate ligament injury as evaluated by second-look arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:463– 9.
  • 17. Gershuni DH, Skyhar MJ, Danzig LA, Camp J, Hargens AR, Akeson WH. Experimental models to promote healing of tears in the avascular segment of canine knee menisci. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1989;71:1363–70.
  • 18. Yamazaki K, Tachibana Y. Vascularized synovial flap promoting regeneration of the cryopreserved meniscal allograft: experimental study in rabbits. J Orthop Sci. 2003;8:62–8.
  • 19. Izuta Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, Deie M, Yamasaki T, Shinomiya R. Meniscal repair using bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells: experimental study using green fluorescent protein transgenic rats. Knee. 2005;12:217–23.
  • 20. Pabbruwe MB, Kafienah W, Tarlton JF, Mistry S, Fox DJ, Hollander AP. Repair of meniscal cartilage white zone tears using a stem cell/collagen-scaffold implant. Biomaterials. 2010;31:2583–91.
  • 21. Shi S, Gronthos S, Chen S, Reddi A, Counter CM, Robey PG. Bone formation by human postnatal bone marrow stromal stem cells is enhanced by telomerase expression. Nat Biotechnol. 2002;20:587–91.
  • 22. Yu H, Adesida AB, Jomha NM. Meniscus repair using mesenchymal stem cells – a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2015;6:86
  • 23. Haut Donahue TL, Hull ML, Rashid MM, Jacobs CR. The sensitivity of tibiofemoral contact pressure to the size and shape of the lateral and medial menisci. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:807–14.
  • 24. Cohen DL, Malone E, Lipson H, Bonassar LJ. Direct freeform fabrication of seeded hydrogels in arbitrary geometries. Tissue Eng. 2006;12:1325–35.
  • 25. Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Dave AM, Kumbar SG, Rudzinski WE. Stimulus-responsive “smart” hydrogels as novel drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2002;28:957–74.
  • 26. Liu Tsang V, Chen AA, Cho LM, Jadin KD, Sah RL, DeLong S. Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues byadditive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. FASEB J. 2007;21:790–801.
  • 27. Richter C, Reinhardt M, Giselbrecht S, Leisen D, Trouillet V, Truckenmuller R. Spatially controlled cell adhesion on three-dimensional substrates. Biomed Microdevices. 2010;12:787–95.
  • 28. Chen JP, Cheng TH. Thermo-responsive chitosangraft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) injectable hydrogel for cultivation of chondrocytes and meniscus cells. Macromol Biosci. 2006;6:1026–39.
  • 29. Stone KR, Steadman JR, Rodkey WG, Li ST. Regeneration of meniscal cartilage with use of a collagen scaffold. Analysis of preliminary data. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1997;79:1770–7.
  • 30. Rodkey WG, DeHaven KE, Montgomery WH 3rd, Baker CL Jr. Beck CL Jr. Hormel SE. Comparison of the collagen meniscus implant with partial meniscectomy. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2008;90:1413–26.
  • 31. Schoenfeld AJ, Landis WJ, Kay DB. Tissueengineered meniscal constructs. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2007; 36:614–20.
  • 32. Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Kreeger JM, Cook CR. Induction of meniscal regeneration in dogs using a novel biomaterial. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:658–65.
  • 33. Cook JL, Fox DB, Malaviya P, Tomlinson JL, Kuroki K, Cook CR. Long-term outcome for large meniscal defects treated with small intestinal submucosa in a dog model. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:32–42.
  • 34. Bradley MP, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, Muirhead WR, Lifrak JT. Porcine small intestine submucosa for repair of goat meniscal defects. Orthopedics. 2007;30:650–6.
  • 35. Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. A self-assembling process in articular cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 2006;12:969–79.
  • 36. Huey DJ, Athanasiou KA. Maturational growth of selfassembled, functional menisci as a result of TGF-beta1 and enzymatic chondroitinase-ABC stimulation. Biomaterials. 2011;32:2052–8.
  • 37. Ofek G, Revell CM, Hu JC, Allison DD, Grande-Allen KJ, Athanasiou KA. Matrix development in selfassembly of articular cartilage. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2795.
  • 38. Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. Assessment of a bovine co-culture, scaffold-free method for growing meniscus-shaped constructs. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:2195–205.
  • 39. Kasemkijwattana C, Menetrey J, Goto H, Niyibizi C, Fu FH, Huard J. The use of growth factors, gene therapy and tissue engineering to improve meniscal healing. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2000;13:19–28.
  • 40. Bhargava MM, Attia ET, Murrell GA, Dolan MM, Warren RF, Hannafin JA. The effect of cytokines on the proliferation and migration of bovine meniscal cells. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:636–43.
  • 41. Johnstone B, Hering TM, Caplan AI, Goldberg VM, Yoo JU. In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrowderived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res. 1998;238:265–72.
  • 42. Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Yokoo R, Gibson LJ. Fibroblast contraction of a collagen-GAG matrix. Biomaterials. 2001;22:2883–91.
  • 43. Zaleskas JM, Kinner B, Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ, Spector M. Contractile forces generated by articular chondrocytes in collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices. Biomaterials. 2004;25:1299–308. , 44. Kalson NS, Holmes DF, Kapacee Z, Otermin I, Lu Y, Ennos RA. An experimental model for studying the biomechanics of embryonic tendon: Evidence that the development of mechanical properties depends on the actinomyosin machinery. Matrix Biol. 2010;29:678– 89.
  • 45. Rhee S, Grinnell F. P21-activated kinase 1: convergence point in PDGF- and LPA-stimulated collagen matrix contraction by human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 2006;172:423–32.
  • 46. Veilleux N, Spector M. Effects of FGF-2 and IGF-1 on adult canine articular chondrocytes in type II collagenglycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13:278–86.
  • 47. Asanbaeva A, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Klisch SM, Sah RL. Mechanisms of cartilage growth: modulation of balance between proteoglycan and collagen in vitro using chondroitinase ABC. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:188–98.
  • 48. Natoli RM, Revell CM, Athanasiou KA. Chondroitinase ABC treatment results in greater tensile properties of self-assembled tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15:3119– 28.
  • 49. Ishida K, Kuroda R, Miwa M, Tabata Y, Hokugo A, Kawamoto T. The regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma on meniscal cells in vitro and its in vivo application with biodegradable gelatin hydrogel. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:1103–12.
  • 50. Natsu-Ume T, Majima T, Reno C, Shrive NG, Frank CB, Hart DA. Menisci of the rabbit knee require mechanical loading to maintain homeostasis: cyclic hydrostatic compression in vitro prevents derepression of catabolic genes. J Orthop Sci. 2005;10:396–405.
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Future of Meniscus Surgery; Meniscus Tissue Engineering

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 128 - 140, 31.08.2017

Abstract

In recent years scientific researches have established the
anatomical, biomechanical, and functional importance that
the meniscus holds within the knee joint. As a vital part of
the joint, meniscus acts to prevent the degeneration of
articular cartilage, and the development of osteoarthritis.
Current repair techniques are only effective in treating
lesions located in the peripheral vascularized region of the
meniscus. Healing lesions found in the iner avascular
region, which functions direct related to joint function, is
considered to be a significant challenge.
All age groups and in particular children increasingly
participate in more extreme, competitive or even
professional sports. The consequence of this fact is that
meniscal surgery is performed at a younger age, and less
meniscus tissue is preserved for a lifetime period. In young,
active patients a partial medial meniscectomy will be the
starting point for a disturbed homeostasis of the knee, even
if the mechanical axis is only slightly varus aligned. This
altered knee homeostasis and increased loading the
inevitably leads to the development of osteoarthritis.
Therefore there is a clear need for regenerative strategies in
these young and middle aged patients. So far, different
approaches and strategies have contributed to the in vitro
generation of meniscus constructs, which are capable of
restoring meniscal lesions to some extent, both functionally
as well as anatomically. The selection of the appropriate
cell source (autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic cells, or
stemcells) is regarded as one of key points for meniscal
tissue engineering. Furthermore, a large variation of
scaffolds for tissue engineering have been proposed and
produced in experimental and clinical studies although a
few problems with these (byproducts of degradation,
stressshielding). Problems have shifted research interest
toward new strategies (scaffoldless approaches, selfassembly).
A large number of different
chemical/biochemical and mechanical stimuli and also
gene therapy have been investigated, in terms of
encouraging functional tissue formation. In this review, we
will give an overview on the need of research for meniscus
regeneration, and provide a perspective, from the
clinician’s standpoint, for designing future regenerative
strategies.
Key words:

References

  • 1. Makris EA, Hadidi P, Athanasiou KA. The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration. Biomaterials. 2011;32(30):7411-31
  • 2. Marsano A, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Martin I. Towards tissue engineering of meniscus substitutes: selection of cell source and culture environment. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:3656–8.
  • 3. Collier S, Ghosh P. Effects of transforming growth factor beta on proteoglycan synthesis by cell and explant cultures derived from the knee joint meniscus. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995;3:127–38.
  • 4. Gunja NJ, Athanasiou KA. Passage and reversal effects on gene expression of bovine meniscal fibrochondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9:R93.
  • 5. Peretti GM, Gill TJ, Xu JW, Randolph MA, Morse KR, Zaleske DJ. Cell-based therapy for meniscal repair: a large animal study. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:146–58.
  • 6. Weinand C, Peretti GM, Adams SB Jr. Randolph MA, Savvidis E, Gill TJ. Healing potential of transplanted allogeneic chondrocytes of three different sources in lesions of the avascular zone of the meniscus: a pilot study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006;126:599–605.
  • 7. Ramallal M, Maneiro E, Lopez E, Fuentes-Boquete I, Lopez-Armada MJ, Fernandez-Sueiro JL. Xenoimplantation of pig chondrocytes into rabbit to treat localized articular cartilage defects: an animal model. Wound Repair Regen. 2004;12:337–45.
  • 8. Hoben GM, Koay EJ, Athanasiou KA. Fibrochondrogenesis in two embryonic stem cell lines: effects of differentiation timelines. Stem Cells. 2008;26:422–30.
  • 9. Hoben GM, Willard VP, Athanasiou KA. Fibrochondrogenesis of hESCs: growth factor combinations and cocultures. Stem Cells Dev. 2009;18:283–92.
  • 10. Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S, Bennett PR, Bellantuono I, Fisk NM. Identification of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human firsttrimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow. Blood. 2001;98:2396–402.
  • 11. Caplan AI. Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213:341–7.
  • 12. Caplan AI, Dennis JE. Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators. J Cell Biochem. 2006;98:1076–84.
  • 13. Nerurkar NL, Sen S, Baker BM, Elliott DM, Mauck RL. Dynamic culture enhances stem cell infiltration and modulates extracellular matrix production on aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:485–91.
  • 14. Kopf S, Birkenfeld F, Becker R, Petersen W, Starke C, Wruck CJ. Local treatment of meniscal lesions with vascular endothelial growth factor. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2010;92:2682–91.
  • 15. Zhang ZN, Tu KY, Xu YK, Zhang WM, Liu ZT, Ou SH. Treatment of longitudinal injuries in avascular area of meniscus in dogs by trephination. Arthroscopy. 1988;4:151–9.
  • 16. Uchio Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, Kawasaki K, Iwasa J. Results of rasping of meniscal tears with and without anterior cruciate ligament injury as evaluated by second-look arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:463– 9.
  • 17. Gershuni DH, Skyhar MJ, Danzig LA, Camp J, Hargens AR, Akeson WH. Experimental models to promote healing of tears in the avascular segment of canine knee menisci. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1989;71:1363–70.
  • 18. Yamazaki K, Tachibana Y. Vascularized synovial flap promoting regeneration of the cryopreserved meniscal allograft: experimental study in rabbits. J Orthop Sci. 2003;8:62–8.
  • 19. Izuta Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, Deie M, Yamasaki T, Shinomiya R. Meniscal repair using bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells: experimental study using green fluorescent protein transgenic rats. Knee. 2005;12:217–23.
  • 20. Pabbruwe MB, Kafienah W, Tarlton JF, Mistry S, Fox DJ, Hollander AP. Repair of meniscal cartilage white zone tears using a stem cell/collagen-scaffold implant. Biomaterials. 2010;31:2583–91.
  • 21. Shi S, Gronthos S, Chen S, Reddi A, Counter CM, Robey PG. Bone formation by human postnatal bone marrow stromal stem cells is enhanced by telomerase expression. Nat Biotechnol. 2002;20:587–91.
  • 22. Yu H, Adesida AB, Jomha NM. Meniscus repair using mesenchymal stem cells – a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2015;6:86
  • 23. Haut Donahue TL, Hull ML, Rashid MM, Jacobs CR. The sensitivity of tibiofemoral contact pressure to the size and shape of the lateral and medial menisci. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:807–14.
  • 24. Cohen DL, Malone E, Lipson H, Bonassar LJ. Direct freeform fabrication of seeded hydrogels in arbitrary geometries. Tissue Eng. 2006;12:1325–35.
  • 25. Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Dave AM, Kumbar SG, Rudzinski WE. Stimulus-responsive “smart” hydrogels as novel drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2002;28:957–74.
  • 26. Liu Tsang V, Chen AA, Cho LM, Jadin KD, Sah RL, DeLong S. Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues byadditive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. FASEB J. 2007;21:790–801.
  • 27. Richter C, Reinhardt M, Giselbrecht S, Leisen D, Trouillet V, Truckenmuller R. Spatially controlled cell adhesion on three-dimensional substrates. Biomed Microdevices. 2010;12:787–95.
  • 28. Chen JP, Cheng TH. Thermo-responsive chitosangraft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) injectable hydrogel for cultivation of chondrocytes and meniscus cells. Macromol Biosci. 2006;6:1026–39.
  • 29. Stone KR, Steadman JR, Rodkey WG, Li ST. Regeneration of meniscal cartilage with use of a collagen scaffold. Analysis of preliminary data. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1997;79:1770–7.
  • 30. Rodkey WG, DeHaven KE, Montgomery WH 3rd, Baker CL Jr. Beck CL Jr. Hormel SE. Comparison of the collagen meniscus implant with partial meniscectomy. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2008;90:1413–26.
  • 31. Schoenfeld AJ, Landis WJ, Kay DB. Tissueengineered meniscal constructs. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2007; 36:614–20.
  • 32. Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Kreeger JM, Cook CR. Induction of meniscal regeneration in dogs using a novel biomaterial. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:658–65.
  • 33. Cook JL, Fox DB, Malaviya P, Tomlinson JL, Kuroki K, Cook CR. Long-term outcome for large meniscal defects treated with small intestinal submucosa in a dog model. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:32–42.
  • 34. Bradley MP, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, Muirhead WR, Lifrak JT. Porcine small intestine submucosa for repair of goat meniscal defects. Orthopedics. 2007;30:650–6.
  • 35. Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. A self-assembling process in articular cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 2006;12:969–79.
  • 36. Huey DJ, Athanasiou KA. Maturational growth of selfassembled, functional menisci as a result of TGF-beta1 and enzymatic chondroitinase-ABC stimulation. Biomaterials. 2011;32:2052–8.
  • 37. Ofek G, Revell CM, Hu JC, Allison DD, Grande-Allen KJ, Athanasiou KA. Matrix development in selfassembly of articular cartilage. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2795.
  • 38. Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. Assessment of a bovine co-culture, scaffold-free method for growing meniscus-shaped constructs. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:2195–205.
  • 39. Kasemkijwattana C, Menetrey J, Goto H, Niyibizi C, Fu FH, Huard J. The use of growth factors, gene therapy and tissue engineering to improve meniscal healing. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2000;13:19–28.
  • 40. Bhargava MM, Attia ET, Murrell GA, Dolan MM, Warren RF, Hannafin JA. The effect of cytokines on the proliferation and migration of bovine meniscal cells. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:636–43.
  • 41. Johnstone B, Hering TM, Caplan AI, Goldberg VM, Yoo JU. In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrowderived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res. 1998;238:265–72.
  • 42. Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Yokoo R, Gibson LJ. Fibroblast contraction of a collagen-GAG matrix. Biomaterials. 2001;22:2883–91.
  • 43. Zaleskas JM, Kinner B, Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ, Spector M. Contractile forces generated by articular chondrocytes in collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices. Biomaterials. 2004;25:1299–308. , 44. Kalson NS, Holmes DF, Kapacee Z, Otermin I, Lu Y, Ennos RA. An experimental model for studying the biomechanics of embryonic tendon: Evidence that the development of mechanical properties depends on the actinomyosin machinery. Matrix Biol. 2010;29:678– 89.
  • 45. Rhee S, Grinnell F. P21-activated kinase 1: convergence point in PDGF- and LPA-stimulated collagen matrix contraction by human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 2006;172:423–32.
  • 46. Veilleux N, Spector M. Effects of FGF-2 and IGF-1 on adult canine articular chondrocytes in type II collagenglycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13:278–86.
  • 47. Asanbaeva A, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Klisch SM, Sah RL. Mechanisms of cartilage growth: modulation of balance between proteoglycan and collagen in vitro using chondroitinase ABC. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:188–98.
  • 48. Natoli RM, Revell CM, Athanasiou KA. Chondroitinase ABC treatment results in greater tensile properties of self-assembled tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15:3119– 28.
  • 49. Ishida K, Kuroda R, Miwa M, Tabata Y, Hokugo A, Kawamoto T. The regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma on meniscal cells in vitro and its in vivo application with biodegradable gelatin hydrogel. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:1103–12.
  • 50. Natsu-Ume T, Majima T, Reno C, Shrive NG, Frank CB, Hart DA. Menisci of the rabbit knee require mechanical loading to maintain homeostasis: cyclic hydrostatic compression in vitro prevents derepression of catabolic genes. J Orthop Sci. 2005;10:396–405.
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mehmet Akif Altay

Baki Volkan Çetin

Publication Date August 31, 2017
Submission Date March 21, 2017
Acceptance Date August 3, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Altay MA, Çetin BV. Menisküs Cerrahisinin Geleceği; Menisküs Doku Mühendisliği. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;14(2):128-40.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty