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Determination of Heavy Metal Levels of Canned Fish with Different Contents

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 213 - 232, 30.04.2023

Seray Akalın Saygılı Elif İnan Eroğlu Atila Güleç Aylin Ayaz

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the lead, cadmium, aluminum and arsenic levels of 66 canned fish with different contents sold in Ankara market and over the internet. As well as, within the scope of the research, fat, moisture and pH levels of canned fish were analyzed and their relations with heavy metal contents were examined.
Materials and Methods: Fat, moisture and pH analyzes were performed in all samples. In addition, heavy metal (lead, cadmium, aluminum and arsenic) contents were also analyzed with the ICP-MS method.
Results: According to the results of the study, the highest lead level of the samples was determined in canned tuna with sauce-oil (0.13±0.13 mg/kg), cadmium level in plain-lean tuna (6.64±4.68 µg/kg), aluminum level in canned mackerel with sauce-oil (2.49±1.24 mg/kg), and arsenic level in canned sardines with sauce-oil (3.02±0.03 mg/kg). The aluminum level of the samples with sauce was higher than the plain samples (p<0,001). It was determined that the arsenic level of the oily samples was higher than the non-oily samples (p<0,001).
Conclusion: According to the research, heavy metal concentrations of canned fish vary according to the type of fish, sauce and oil conditions. As a result of the analysis, the heavy metals contained in canned fish are below the legal limits. Therefore, heavy metal exposures of individuals are in the safe range. However, there is a need for further research on heavy metal exposures due to dietary and non-dietary factors in individuals in different age groups.

Keywords

heavy metal canned fish fat content pH

References

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  • Alamdar, A., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., Hanif, N., Ali, S. M., Fasola, M., Bokhari, H., ve diğerleri. (2017). Human exposure to trace metals and arsenic via consumption of fish from river Chenab, Pakistan and associated health risks. Chemosphere, 168, 1004-1012.
  • Andayesh, S., Hadiani, M. R., Mousavi, Z., & Shoeibi, S. (2015). Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in canned tuna fish marketed in Tehran, Iran. Food Additives & Contaminants Part B Surveillance, 8(2), 93-98. doi:10.1080/19393210.2014.993430
  • Anishchenko, O. V., Sushchik, N. N., Makhutova, O. N., Kalachova, G. S., Gribovskaya, I. V., Morgun, V. N., ve diğerleri. (2017). Benefit-risk ratio of canned pacific saury (Cololabis saira) intake: Essential fatty acids vs. heavy metals. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 101(Supplement C), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.035
  • Bertin, G., & Averbeck, D. (2006). Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review). Biochimie, 88(11), 1549-1559. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.001
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  • Krewski, D., Yokel, R. A., Nieboer, E., Borchelt, D., Cohen, J., Harry, J., ve diğerleri. (2007). Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 10(S1), 1-269.
  • Leite, L. C. S., de Lima, N. V., Melo, E. S. D. P., Cardozo, C. M. L., & do Nascimento, V. A. (2022). Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7678.
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  • Markmanuel ,D.P., Amos-Tautua, B.M.W., & Songca, S.P. (2022). Tin concentrations and human health risk assessment for children and adults in seafood and canned fish commonly consumed in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 26(7), 1263-1269. doi: 10.4314/jasem.v26i7.12
  • Mol, S. (2011a). Determination of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(2), 348-351.
  • Mol, S. (2011b). Levels of heavy metals in canned bonito, sardines, and mackerel produced in Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 974-982. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8909-5
  • Mol, S. (2011c). Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1), 66-69. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.009
  • Morshdy, A. E., Hussein, M. A., Darwish, W. S., Yousef, R. E., & Tharwat, A. E. (2021). Residual Contents Of Selected Heavy Metals In Commercial Canned Fish In Egypt: Dietary Intakes And Health Risk Assessment. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 58, 101-107.
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  • Official, A. O. A. C. (2000). Methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International, Maryland, USA, 2000.
  • Pál, L., Jenei, T., McKee, M., Kovács, N., Vargha, M., Bufa-Dőrr, Z., ve diğerleri. (2022). Health and economic gain attributable to the introduction of the World Health Organization's drinking water standard on arsenic level in Hungary: A nationwide retrospective study on cancer occurrence and ischemic heart disease mortality. Science of the total environment, 851, 158305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158305
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  • Tuzen, M., &Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1378-1382. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.044
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Farklı İçeriğe Sahip Konserve Balıkların Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 213 - 232, 30.04.2023

Seray Akalın Saygılı Elif İnan Eroğlu Atila Güleç Aylin Ayaz

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Ankara piyasasında ve internet üzerinden satılan farklı içeriğe sahip 66 adet konserve balık örneğinin kurşun, kadmiyum, alüminyum ve arsenik düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Aynı zamanda araştırma kapsamında konserve balıkların yağ, nem ve pH düzeyleri de analiz edilerek ağır metal içerikleri ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tüm örneklerde yağ, nem ve pH analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ağır metal (kurşun, kadmiyum, alüminyum ve arsenik) içerikleri de ICP-MS cihazıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre örneklerin en yüksek kurşun içeriği soslu-yağlı ton balığı konservesinde (0,13±0,13 mg/kg), kadmiyum içeriği sade-yağsız ton balığı konservesinde (6,64±4,68 µg/kg), alüminyum içeriği soslu-yağlı uskumru konservesinde (2,49±1,24 mg/kg), arsenik içeriği ise soslu-yağlı sardalya konservesinde (3,02±0,03 mg/kg) saptanmıştır. Soslu numunelerin alüminyum düzeyi sade numunelere kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Yağlı numunelerin ise arsenik düzeyinin yağsız numunelerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Araştırmaya göre konserve balıkların içerdikleri balık türü, sos ve yağ durumuna göre ağır metal düzeyleri değişiklik göstermektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre konserve balıkların içerdikleri ağır metaller yasal limitlerin altında bulunmuştur Buna göre bireylerin ağır metal maruziyetleri güvenli aralıktadır. Fakat farklı yaş grubundaki bireylerin diyet ve diyet dışı faktörlere bağlı ağır metal maruziyetleri üzerine yapılacak ileri araştırmalara gereksinim vardır.

Keywords

ağır metal konserve balık yağ içeriği pH

References

  • Abdel-Rahman, G. N. E. (2022). Heavy metals, definition, sources of food contamination, incidence, impacts and remediation: A literature review with recent updates. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(1), 419-437.
  • Ahamed, M., Verma, S., Kumar, A., & Siddiqui, M. (2005). Environmental exposure to lead and its correlation with biochemical indices in children. Science of the Total Environment, 346(1), 48-55.
  • Alamdar, A., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., Hanif, N., Ali, S. M., Fasola, M., Bokhari, H., ve diğerleri. (2017). Human exposure to trace metals and arsenic via consumption of fish from river Chenab, Pakistan and associated health risks. Chemosphere, 168, 1004-1012.
  • Andayesh, S., Hadiani, M. R., Mousavi, Z., & Shoeibi, S. (2015). Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in canned tuna fish marketed in Tehran, Iran. Food Additives & Contaminants Part B Surveillance, 8(2), 93-98. doi:10.1080/19393210.2014.993430
  • Anishchenko, O. V., Sushchik, N. N., Makhutova, O. N., Kalachova, G. S., Gribovskaya, I. V., Morgun, V. N., ve diğerleri. (2017). Benefit-risk ratio of canned pacific saury (Cololabis saira) intake: Essential fatty acids vs. heavy metals. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 101(Supplement C), 8-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.035
  • Bertin, G., & Averbeck, D. (2006). Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review). Biochimie, 88(11), 1549-1559. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.001
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/default.htm
  • De Lima, N. V., Melo, E. S. d. P., Arakaki, D. G., Tschinkel, P. F. S., de Souza, I. D., Ulbrecht, M. O. d. O., ve diğerleri. (2021). Data on metals, nonmetal, and metalloid in the samples of the canned tuna and canned sardines sold in Brazil. Data in Brief, 35, 106865. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106865
  • Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Cadmium Compounds (A). https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-09/documents/cadmium-compounds.pdf
  • Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Dose-response assessment for assessing health risks associated with exposure to hazardous air pollutants. https://www.epa.gov/fera/dose-response-assessment-assessing-health-risks-associated-exposure-hazardous-air-pollutants
  • European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2009). Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA Journal, 7(10), 1351. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1351
  • European Food Safety Authority. (2008). EFSA Advises on the safety of aluminium in food. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/efsa-advises-safety-aluminium-food
  • European Food Safety Authority. (2009). EFSA sets lower tolerable intake level for cadmium in food. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/efsa-sets-lower-tolerable-intake-level-cadmium-food Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (2011). Arsenic. https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/1863
  • Fathabad, A., Shariatifar, N., Ehsani, A., &Sayadi, M. (2015). Evaluation of toxic metals in canned fish market in Tehran. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research, 6, 818-822.
  • Flora, G., Gupta, D., & Tiwari, A. (2012). Toxicity of lead: a review with recent updates. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 5(2), 47-58.
  • Flora, S., Pachauri, V., & Saxena, G. (2011). Arsenic, cadmium and lead. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, 415-438.
  • Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/Home/Goster/40875.
  • Hayran, K. M., ve Hayran, M. (2011). Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik (1. Baskı ed. Vol. 1. Baskı). Ankara: Omega Araştırma.
  • Hosseini, S. V., Sobhanardakani, S., Miandare, H. K., Harsij, M., & Regenstein, J. M. (2015). Determination of toxic (Pb, Cd) and essential (Zn, Mn) metals in canned tuna fish produced in Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 13, 59. doi:10.1186/s40201-015-0215-x
  • Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 7(2), 60-72.
  • Krewski, D., Yokel, R. A., Nieboer, E., Borchelt, D., Cohen, J., Harry, J., ve diğerleri. (2007). Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 10(S1), 1-269.
  • Leite, L. C. S., de Lima, N. V., Melo, E. S. D. P., Cardozo, C. M. L., & do Nascimento, V. A. (2022). Exposure to Toxic Metals and Health Risk Assessment through Ingestion of Canned Sardines Sold in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7678.
  • López, F. F., Cabrera, C., Lorenzo, M. L., & López, M. C. (2002). Aluminium content of drinking waters, fruit juices and soft drinks: contribution to dietary intake. Science of the total environment, 292(3), 205-213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01122-6
  • Lu, M., Wang, H., Li, X.-F., Arnold, L. L., Cohen, S. M., & Le, X. C. (2007). Binding of dimethylarsinous acid to cys-13α of rat hemoglobin is responsible for the retention of arsenic in rat blood. Chemical research in toxicology, 20(1), 27-37.
  • Markmanuel ,D.P., Amos-Tautua, B.M.W., & Songca, S.P. (2022). Tin concentrations and human health risk assessment for children and adults in seafood and canned fish commonly consumed in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 26(7), 1263-1269. doi: 10.4314/jasem.v26i7.12
  • Mol, S. (2011a). Determination of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(2), 348-351.
  • Mol, S. (2011b). Levels of heavy metals in canned bonito, sardines, and mackerel produced in Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 974-982. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8909-5
  • Mol, S. (2011c). Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1), 66-69. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.009
  • Morshdy, A. E., Hussein, M. A., Darwish, W. S., Yousef, R. E., & Tharwat, A. E. (2021). Residual Contents Of Selected Heavy Metals In Commercial Canned Fish In Egypt: Dietary Intakes And Health Risk Assessment. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 58, 101-107.
  • Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. (2007). Trace elements-As, Cd, Hg, Pb and other elements: determination by ICP-MS after pressure digestion.
  • Official, A. O. A. C. (2000). Methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International, Maryland, USA, 2000.
  • Pál, L., Jenei, T., McKee, M., Kovács, N., Vargha, M., Bufa-Dőrr, Z., ve diğerleri. (2022). Health and economic gain attributable to the introduction of the World Health Organization's drinking water standard on arsenic level in Hungary: A nationwide retrospective study on cancer occurrence and ischemic heart disease mortality. Science of the total environment, 851, 158305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158305
  • Papanikolaou, N. C., Hatzidaki, E. G., Belivanis, S., Tzanakakis, G. N., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2005). Lead toxicity update. A brief review. Medical science monitor, 11(10), RA329-RA336.
  • Perera, P. C. T., Sundarabarathy, T. V., Sivananthawerl, T., Kodithuwakku, S. P., & Edirisinghe, U. (2016). Arsenic and cadmium contamination in water, sediments and fish is a consequence of paddy cultivation: evidence of river pollution in Sri Lanka. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 10(2), 144-160.
  • Popowich, A., Zhang, Q., & Le, X. C. (2016). Arsenobetaine: the ongoing mystery. National Science Review, 3(4), 451-458. doi:10.1093/nsr/nww061
  • Sadighara, P., Mofid, V., Mahmudiono, T., Rahmani, A., Tajdar-Oranj, B., Peivasteh-Roudsari, L., ve diğerleri. (2022). Concentration of heavy metals in canned tuna fish and probabilistic health risk assessment in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-11.
  • Shiber, J. G. (2011). Arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in canned sardines commercially available in eastern Kentucky, USA. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(1), 66-72.
  • Shokri, S., Shokri, E., Sadighara, P., & Pirhadi, M. (2021). Heavy metals contamination in fresh fish and canned fish distributed in local market of Tehran. Human, Health and Halal Metrics, 2(2), 12-17.
  • Tuzen, M., &Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1378-1382. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.044
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2020). Su Ürünleri, 2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2019-33734
  • Türközü, D., & Şanlıer, N. (2014). Gıdalardaki ağır metal kontaminasyonları: Bulaşma Kaynakları, sağlık riskleri ve ulusal/uluslararası standartlar. Electronic Journal of Food Technologies, 9(3), 29-46.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seray Akalın Saygılı 0000-0002-8802-8918

Elif İnan Eroğlu 0000-0001-9788-7266

Atila Güleç 0000-0003-2569-2317

Aylin Ayaz 0000-0002-3543-7881

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date November 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akalın Saygılı, S., İnan Eroğlu, E., Güleç, A., Ayaz, A. (2023). Farklı İçeriğe Sahip Konserve Balıkların Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 10(1), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1210094