Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Clues for zoonotic potential and transmission of Sars-CoV-2 via food and water

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 52 - 64, 31.08.2022

Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun Seran Temelli Ayşegül Eyigör

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1072726

Abstract

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which emerged from Wuhan, China in 2020, economic, social, and psychological problems occurred all over the world, mandating implementation of strict curfew, quarantine, travel restriction measures, and vaccinations against the virus. Though the source of the virus was not clearly revealed, initial case reports from a market in Huanan selling animal products, coupled with sequence analyses of the isolates, revealed close similarity to coronavirus isolated from bats (RatG13) and pangolins, questioning the suspect source of SARS-CoV-2 as zoonotic. Additionally, epidemiological and experimental studies indicated the presence of SARS-CoV-2, and its specific antibodies in many animals such as cats, dogs, ferrets, calves, and deer. Besides, determination detecting the virus in water samples including treated waters from wastewater treatment plants, fecal shedding, and possible fecal-oral transmission of the virus gained importance. Accordingly, vegetables and fruits irrigated with contaminated water, and foods such as shellfish grown in contaminated waters had the risk of carrying the virus. Although one of the most effective ways for protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mass and booster vaccinations, the emergence of new variants raises concerns on vaccines’ effectiveness against these variants. Thus, urgent implementation of one health concept addressing human, animal, and environmental health as a whole is mandatory to overcome this and other possible future pandemics. In this article, emergence, spread, zoonotic potential, fecal-oral transmission risk, and the possible role of food and water in the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were reviewed based on up-to-date published data.

Keywords

Covid-19 fecal-oral transmission zoonotic suspicions

References

  • Aboubakr, H. A., Sharafeldin, T. A., & Goyal, S. M. (2021). Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 68(2), 296–312.
  • Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T. R. & Kim, S. (2020). Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. The Science of the Total Environment, 730, 138996.
  • Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J. W., Choi, P. M., Kitajima, M., Simpson, S. L., Li, J., Tscharke, B., Verhagen, R., Smith, W., Zaugg, J., Dierens, L., Hugenholtz, P., Thomas, K. V., & Mueller, J. F. (2020). First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. The Science of the total environment, 728, 138764.
  • Ahmed, W., Bertsch, P. M., Angel, N., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., Dierens, L., … & Mueller, J. F. (2021a). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in commercial passenger aircraft and cruise ship wastewater: A surveillance tool for assessing the presence of COVID-19 infected travellers. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(5), taaa116.
  • Ahmed, W., Tscharke, B., Bertsch, P. M., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., Choi, P., … & Mueller, J. F. (2021b). SARS-CoV-2 RNA monitoring in wastewater as a potential early warning system for COVID-19 transmission in the community: A temporal case study. The Science of the Total Environment, 761, 144216.
  • Akter, S., Roy, P. C., Ferdaus, A., Ibnat, H., Alam, A., Nigar, S., Jahid, I. K., & Hossain, M. A. (2021). Prevalence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on Bangladeshi banknotes. The Science of the total environment, 779, 146133.
  • Arenas, A., Borge, C., Carbonero, A., Garcia-Bocanegra, I., Cano-Terriza, D., Caballero, J. & Arenas-Montes, A. (2021). Bovine Coronavirus Immune Milk Against COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 637152.
  • Ay, A. (2020). Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu Coronavi̇rüsü Salgınları. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5(1), 158–167.
  • Baird, J. K., Jensen, S. M., Urba, W. J., Fox, B. A. & Baird, J. R. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Detected in Mother’s Milk Post-Vaccination. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(3), 492-498.
  • Balboa, S., Mauricio-Iglesias, M., Rodriguez, S., Martínez-Lamas, L., Vasallo, F. J., Regueiro, B. & Lema, J. M. (2021). The fate of SARS-COV-2 in WWTPS points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for detection of COVID- 19. Science of the Total Environment, 772, 145268.
  • Baldovin, T., Amoruso, I., Fonzo, M., Buja, A., Baldo, V., Cocchio, S. & Bertoncello, C. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and persistence in wastewater samples: An experimental network for COVID-19 environmental surveillance in Padua, Veneto Region (NE Italy). Science of the Total Environment, 760, 143329.
  • Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Perez-Vargas, S., Trejos-Mendoza, A. E., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Dhama, K., … & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Importance of the One Health approach to study the SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America. One Health, 10, 100147.
  • Bundesinstitut für risikobewertung (BfR), (2021, February, 15). Can the new type of coronavirus be transmitted via food and objects? https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/can_the_new_type_of_coronavirus_be_transmitted_via_food_and_objects_-244090.html
  • Campione, E., Cosio, T., Rosa, L., Lanna, C., Di Girolamo, S., Gaziano, R., … & Bianchi, L. (2020). Lactoferrin as protective natural barrier of respiratory and intestinal mucosa against coronavirus infection and inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 4903.
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., … & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan , China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507–513.
  • Cheung, K. S., Hung, I. F. N., Chan, P. P. Y., Lung, K. C., Tso, E., Liu, R., … & Leung, W. K. (2020). Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 159(1), 81–95.
  • Contini, C., Nuzzo, M. Di, Barp, N., Bonazza, A., Giorgio, R. De, Togron, M. & Rubino, S. (2020). The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic : An expected global health concern. The Journal of İnfection in Developing Countries, 14(3), 254–264.
  • D’Aoust, P. M., Graber, T. E., Mercier, E., Montpetit, D., Alexandrov, I., Neault, N., … & Delatolla, R. (2021). Catching a resurgence: Increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in wastewater 48 h before COVID-19 clinical tests and 96 h before hospitalizations. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 145319.
  • de Oliveira, L. C., Torres-Franco, A. F., Lopes, B. C., Santos, B. S. A. da S., Costa, E. A., Costa, M. S., … & Mota, C. R. (2021). Viability of SARS-CoV-2 in river water and wastewater at different temperatures and solids content. Water Research, 195, 117002.
  • Desdouits, M., Piquet, J.-C., Wacrenier, C., Le Mennec, C., Parnaudeau, S., Jousse, S., … & Le Guyader, F. S. (2021). Can shellfish be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in the coastal environment ? Science of the Total Environment, 778, 146270.
  • Dhama, K., Patel, K. S., Sharun, K., Pathak, M., Tiwari, R., Yatoo, M. I., … & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: Zoonotic lessons from SARS , MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 37, 101830.
  • Duda-Chodak, A., Lukasiewicz, M., Ziec, G., Florkiewicz, A. & Filipiak-Florkiewicz, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and food: Present knowledge, risks, consumers fears and safety. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 105, 145–160.
  • Dyal, J.W., Grant, M.P., Broadwater, K., Bjork, A., Waltenburg, M. A., Gibbins, J. D., … & Honein, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 among workers in meat and poultry processing facilities - 19 States, April 2020. CDC – MMWR, 69, 557–561.
  • Fritz, M., Rosolen, B., Krafft, E., Becquart, P., Elguero, E., Vratskikh, O., … & Leroy, E. M. (2020). High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets from COVID-19 + households. One Health, 11, 100192.
  • Giacomelli, A., Pezzati, La., Conti, F., Bernacchia, D., Siano, M., Oreni, L., … & Galli, M. (2020). Self-reported Olfactory and taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, 889–890.
  • Gonçalves, J., Koritnik, T., Mioc, V., Trkov, M., Boljesic, M., Prosenc, K., … & Paragi, M. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater from a low COVID-19 disease prevalence area. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 143226.
  • Gonzalez, R., Curtis, K., Bivins, A., Bibby, K., Weir, M. H., Yetka, K., … & Gonzalez, D. (2020). COVID-19 surveillance in Southeastern Virginia using wastewater-based epidemiology. Water Research, 186, 116296.
  • Göncüoğlu, M., Ayaz, N. D., Cengiz, G., Onaran, B. & Çufaoğlu, G. (2020). Emerging details about COVID-19 and chronology of the pandemic in Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 67, 323–332.
  • Günther, T., Czech-Sioli, M., Indenbirken, D., Robitaille, A., Tenhaken, P., Exner, M., … & Brinkmann, M. M. (2020). SARS-CoV- 2 outbreak investigation in a German meat processing plant. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 12, e13296.
  • Gwenzi, W. (2021). Leaving no stone unturned in light of the COVID-19 faecal-oral hypothesis? A water, sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) perspective targeting low-income countries. Science of the Total Environment, 753, 141751.
  • Haramoto, E., Malla, B., Thakali, O. & Kitajima, M. (2020). First environmental surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and river water in Japan. Science of the Total Environment, 737, 140405.
  • Harypursat, V. & Chen, Y.-K. (2020). Six weeks into the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak: it is time to consider strategies to impede the emergence of new zoonotic infections. Chinese Medical Journal, 133(9), 1118–1120.
  • Hasan, S. W., Ibrahim, Y., Daou, M., Kannout, H., Jan, N., Lopes, A., … & Yousef, A. F. (2021). Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and treated effluents: Surveillance of COVID-19 epidemic in the United Arab Emirates. Science of the Total Environment, 764, 142929.
  • Hata, A., Hara-Yamamura, H., Meuchi, Y., Imai, S. & Honda, R. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Japan during a COVID-19 outbreak. Science of the Total Environment, 758, 143578.
  • He, X., Hong, W., Pan, X., Lu, G. & Wei, X. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant : Characteristics and prevention. Medcomm, 2(4), 838-845.
  • Hillary, L. S., Farkas, K., Maher, K. H., Lucaci, A., Thorpe, J., Distaso, M. A., … & Jones, D. L. (2021). Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater to evaluate the success of lockdown measures for controlling COVID-19 in the UK. Water Research, 200, 117214.
  • Hokajärvi, A.-M., Rytkönen, A., Tiwari, A., Kauppinen, A., Oikarinen, S., Lehto, K.-M., … & Pitkanen, T. (2021). The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 145274.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., … & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497–506.
  • Jawed, I., Tareen, F. R., Cauhan, K. & Nayeem, M. (2020). Food safety and COVID-19: Limitations of HACCP and the way forward. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(5), 01–04.
  • Jawhara, S. (2020). Can drinking microfiltered raw immune milk from cows immunized against SARS-CoV-2 provide short-term protection against COVID-19? Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1888.
  • Jones, D. L., Baluja, Q. M., Graham, D. W., Corbishley, A., Mcdonald, J. E., Malham, S. K., … & Farkas, K. (2020). Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine and its potential role in person-to-person transmission and the environment-based spread of COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 749, 141364.
  • Kanamori, H., Baba, H. & Weber, D. J. (2021). Rethinking One Health approach in the challenging era of COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 11(1), 1852681.
  • Kim, Y. I., Kim, S. G., Kim, S. M., Kim, E.-H., Park, S. J., Yu, K. M., … & Choi, Y. K. (2020). Brief report infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets. Cell Host and Microbe, 27, 704–709.
  • Kiulia, N. M., Hofstra, N., Vermeulen, L. C., Obara, M. A., Medema, G. & Rose, J. B. (2015). Global occurrence and emission of rotaviruses to surface waters. Pathogens, 4, 229–255.
  • Kolarevic, S., Micsinai, A., Szántó-Egész, R., Lukács, A., Kracun-Kolarevic, M., Lundy, L., … & Paunovic, M. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters. Science of the Total Environment, 783, 146967.
  • Lam, T. T.-Y., Jia, N., Zhang, Y.-W., Shum, M. H.-H., Jiang, J.-F., Zhu, H.-C., … & Cao, W.-C. (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature, 583, 282–285.
  • Lamers, M. M., Beumer, J., van der Vaart, J., Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T. I., … & Clevers, H. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science, 369(6499), 50–54.
  • La Rosa, G., Iaconelli, M., Mancini, P., Bonanno Ferraro, G., Veneri, C., Bonadonna, L., … & Suffredini, E. (2020). First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy. Science of the Total Environment, 736, 139652.
  • Li, Y., Wang, W., Lei, Y., Zhang, B., Yang, J., Hu, J. & Lu, Q. (2020). Comparison of the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 43, 427–430.
  • Lu, H., Stratton, C. W. & Tang, Y.-W. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Vİrology, 92, 401–402.
  • Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19 : What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated ? BMJ, 372, n158.
  • Mahlknecht, J., Reyes, D. A. P., Ramos, E., Reyes, L. M. & Alvarez, M. M. (2021). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: Implications for water safety. Science of the Total Environment, 784, 147183.
  • Masters, P. S. (2006). The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research, 66, 193–292.
  • Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G., Italiaander, R. & Brouwer, A. (2020). Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the Netherlands. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 7(7), 511–516.
  • MIN, S., XIANG, C. & ZHANG, X. heng. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food safety knowledge and behavior in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(12), 2926–2936.
  • Miura, F., Kitajima, M. & Omori, R. (2021). Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in faeces as a parameter for wastewater-based epidemiology: Re-analysis of patient data using a shedding dynamics model. Science of the Total Environment, 769, 144549.
  • Mohan, S. V., Hemalatha, M., Kopperi, H., Ranjith, I. & Kumar, A. K. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 in environmental perspective : Occurrence , persistence , surveillance , inactivation and challenges. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126893.
  • Morcatty, T. Q., Feddema, K., Nekaris, K. A. I. & Nijman, V. (2021). Online trade in wildlife and the lack of response to COVID-19. Environmental Research, 193, 110439.
  • Munnik, B. B. O., Sikkema, R. S., Nieuwenhuijse, D. F., Molenaar, R. J., Munger, E., Molenkamp, R., … & Koopmans, M. P. G. (2021). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans. Science, 371, 172–177.
  • Pace, R. M., Williams, J. E., Järvinen, K. M., Belfort, M. B., Pace, C. D. W., Lackey, K. A., … & McGuire, M. K. (2021). Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk produced by Women with COVID-19. mBio, 12(1), e03192-20.
  • Pakpour, A. H., Al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Griffiths, M. D. & Mamun, M. A. (2020). A population-based nationwide dataset concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh. Data in Brief, 33, 106621.
  • Palmer, M. V., Martins, M., Falkenberg, S., Buckley, A., Caserta, L. C., Mitchell, P. K., … & Diel, D. G. (2021). Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) to SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Virology, 95(11), e00083-21.
  • Pan, X., Chen, D., Xia, Y., Wu, X., Li, T., Ou, X., … & Liu, J. (2020). Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 411–412.
  • Patterson, E. I., Elia, G., Grassi, A., Giordano, A., Desario, C., Medardo, M., … & Decaro, N. (2020). Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy. Nature Communications, 11, 6231.
  • Pillay, L., Amoah, I. D., Deepnarain, N., Pillay, K., Awolusi, O. O., Kumari, S. & Bux, F. (2021). Monitoring changes in COVID-19 infection using wastewater-based epidemiology: A South African perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 786, 147273.
  • Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A. & Sánchez, G. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. Water Research, 181, 115942.
  • Ren, S.-Y., Wang, W.-B., Hao, Y.-G., Zhang, H.-R., Wang, Z.-C., Chen, Y.-L. & Gao, R.-D. (2020). Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(8), 1391–1399.
  • Rimoldi, G. S., Stefani, F., Gigantiello, A., Polesello, S., Comandatore, F., Mileto, D., … & Salerno, F. (2020). Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers. Science of the Total Environment, 744, 140911.
  • Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Rabaan, A. A., Sah, R., Paniz-Mondolfi, A., … & Esposito, S. (2020). History is repeating itself : Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 28(1), 3–5.
  • Róka, E., Khayer, B., Kis, Z., Kovacs, L. B., Schuler, E., Magyar, N., … & Vargha, M. (2021). Ahead of the second wave: Early warning for COVID-19 by wastewater surveillance in Hungary. Science of the Total Environment, 786, 147398.
  • Saguti, F., Magnil, E., Enache, L., Churqui, M. P., Johansson, A., Lumley, D., … & Norder, H. (2021). Surveillance of wastewater revealed peaks of SARS-CoV-2 preceding those of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Water Research, 189, 116620.
  • Sala-Comorera, L., Reynolds, L. J., Martin, N. A., O’Sullivan, J. J., Meijer, W. G. & Fletcher, N. F. (2021). Decay of infectious SARS-CoV-2 and surrogates in aquatic environments. Water Research, 201, 117090.
  • Shahbaz, M., Bilal, M., Moiz, A., Zubair, S. & Iqbal, H. M. N. (2020). Food Safety and COVID-19 : Precautionary Measures to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus at Food Service and Retail Sector. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14, 749-756.
  • Sherchan, S. P., Shahin, S., Ward, L. M., Tandukar, S., Aw, T. G., Schmitz, B., … & Kitajima, M. (2020). First detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in North America: A study in Louisiana, USA. Science of the Total Environment, 743, 140621.
  • Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., … & Bu, Z. (2020). Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS – coronavirus 2. Science, 368(6494), 1016–1020.
  • Sit, T. H. C., Brackman, C. J., Ip, S. M., Tam, K. W. S., Law, P. Y. T., To, E. M. W., … & Peiris, M. (2020). Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 586(7831), 776–778.
  • Tao, K., Tzou, P. L., Nouhin, J., Gupta, R. K., de Oliveira, T., Pond, S. L. K., … & Shafer, R. W. (2021). The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature Reviews Genetics, 22, 757–773.
  • Ulrich, L., Wernike, K., Hoffmann, D., Mettenleiter, T. C. & Beer, M. (2020). Experimental infection of cattle with SARS-CoV-2. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(12), 2979–2981.
  • USDA Animal and Planet Health Inspection Service (2020, April, 5). Statement on the confirmation of COVID-19 in a tiger in New York. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/news/sa_by_date/sa-2020/ny-zoo-covid-19
  • van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., Tamin, A., … & Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(16), 1564–1567.
  • Wassenaar, T. M. & Zou, Y. (2020). 2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 70(5), 342–348.
  • Weidhaas, J., Aanderud, Z. T., Roper, D. K., VanDerslice, J., Gaddis, E. B., Ostermiller, J., … & Lacross, N. (2021). Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater with COVID-19 disease burden in sewersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 775, 145790.
  • Westhaus, S., Weber, F.-A., Schiwy, S., Linnemann, V., Brinkmann, M., Widera, M., … & Ciesek, S. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – Suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks. Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141750.
  • World Health Organization (2021, December, 23). Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process. https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/Status_COVID_VAX_23Dec2021.pdf
  • Wu, Y., Guo, C., Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Yin, H., Xiao, Q., Tang, Y., Qu, X., Kuang, L., Fang, X., Mishra, N., Lu, J., Shan, H., Jiang, G., & Huang, X. (2020). Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 5(5), 434–435.
  • Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H., Fang, C., Gong, Y., Guo, Q., Sun, X., Zhao, D., Shen, J., Zhang, H., Liu, H., Xia, H., Tang, J., Zhang, K., & Gong, S. (2020). Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nature medicine, 26(4), 502–505.
  • Yang, X. (2020). Potential consequences of COVID-19 for sustainable meat consumption: the role of food safety concerns and responsibility attributions. British Food Journal, 123(2), 455-474.
  • Ye, Z. W., Yuan, S., Yuen, K. S., Fung, S. Y., Chan, C. P., & Jin, D. Y. (2020). Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses. International journal of biological sciences, 16(10), 1686–1697.
  • Yekta, R., Vahid-Dastjerdi, L., Norouzbeigi, S., & Mortazavian, A. M. (2021). Food products as potential carriers of SARS-CoV-2. Food control, 123, 107754.
  • Zhang, Q., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Huang, K., Yang, Y., Hui, X., He, X., Li, C., Gong, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Peng, C., Gao, X., Chen, H., Zou, Z., Shi, Z. L., & Jin, M. (2020). A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan. Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 2013–2019.
  • Zhang, T., Cui, X., Zhao, X., Wang, J., Zheng, J., Zheng, G., Guo, W., Cai, C., He, S., & Xu, Y. (2020a). Detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in feces of three children during recovery period of COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of medical virology, 92(7), 909–914.
  • Zhang, T., Wu, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2020b). Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Current biology : CB, 30(7), 1346–1351.e2.
  • Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Song, Y., Zhu, S., Wang, D., Zhang, H., Han, G., Weng, Y., Xu, J., Xu, J., Yu, P., Jiang, W., Yang, X., Lang, Z., Yan, D., Wang, Y., Song, J., Gao, G. F., Wu, G., & Xu, W. (2020). Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 through faecal specimens. Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 2501–2508.
  • Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H. R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C. L., Chen, H. D., Chen, J., Luo, Y., Guo, H., Jiang, R. D., Liu, M. Q., Chen, Y., Shen, X. R., Wang, X., Zheng, X. S., … & Shi, Z. L. (2020). Addendum: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 588(7836), E6.

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 52 - 64, 31.08.2022

Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun Seran Temelli Ayşegül Eyigör

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1072726

Abstract

References

  • Aboubakr, H. A., Sharafeldin, T. A., & Goyal, S. M. (2021). Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 68(2), 296–312.
  • Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T. R. & Kim, S. (2020). Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. The Science of the Total Environment, 730, 138996.
  • Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J. W., Choi, P. M., Kitajima, M., Simpson, S. L., Li, J., Tscharke, B., Verhagen, R., Smith, W., Zaugg, J., Dierens, L., Hugenholtz, P., Thomas, K. V., & Mueller, J. F. (2020). First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. The Science of the total environment, 728, 138764.
  • Ahmed, W., Bertsch, P. M., Angel, N., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., Dierens, L., … & Mueller, J. F. (2021a). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in commercial passenger aircraft and cruise ship wastewater: A surveillance tool for assessing the presence of COVID-19 infected travellers. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(5), taaa116.
  • Ahmed, W., Tscharke, B., Bertsch, P. M., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., Choi, P., … & Mueller, J. F. (2021b). SARS-CoV-2 RNA monitoring in wastewater as a potential early warning system for COVID-19 transmission in the community: A temporal case study. The Science of the Total Environment, 761, 144216.
  • Akter, S., Roy, P. C., Ferdaus, A., Ibnat, H., Alam, A., Nigar, S., Jahid, I. K., & Hossain, M. A. (2021). Prevalence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on Bangladeshi banknotes. The Science of the total environment, 779, 146133.
  • Arenas, A., Borge, C., Carbonero, A., Garcia-Bocanegra, I., Cano-Terriza, D., Caballero, J. & Arenas-Montes, A. (2021). Bovine Coronavirus Immune Milk Against COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 637152.
  • Ay, A. (2020). Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu Coronavi̇rüsü Salgınları. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5(1), 158–167.
  • Baird, J. K., Jensen, S. M., Urba, W. J., Fox, B. A. & Baird, J. R. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Detected in Mother’s Milk Post-Vaccination. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(3), 492-498.
  • Balboa, S., Mauricio-Iglesias, M., Rodriguez, S., Martínez-Lamas, L., Vasallo, F. J., Regueiro, B. & Lema, J. M. (2021). The fate of SARS-COV-2 in WWTPS points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for detection of COVID- 19. Science of the Total Environment, 772, 145268.
  • Baldovin, T., Amoruso, I., Fonzo, M., Buja, A., Baldo, V., Cocchio, S. & Bertoncello, C. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and persistence in wastewater samples: An experimental network for COVID-19 environmental surveillance in Padua, Veneto Region (NE Italy). Science of the Total Environment, 760, 143329.
  • Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Perez-Vargas, S., Trejos-Mendoza, A. E., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Dhama, K., … & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Importance of the One Health approach to study the SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America. One Health, 10, 100147.
  • Bundesinstitut für risikobewertung (BfR), (2021, February, 15). Can the new type of coronavirus be transmitted via food and objects? https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/can_the_new_type_of_coronavirus_be_transmitted_via_food_and_objects_-244090.html
  • Campione, E., Cosio, T., Rosa, L., Lanna, C., Di Girolamo, S., Gaziano, R., … & Bianchi, L. (2020). Lactoferrin as protective natural barrier of respiratory and intestinal mucosa against coronavirus infection and inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 4903.
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., … & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan , China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507–513.
  • Cheung, K. S., Hung, I. F. N., Chan, P. P. Y., Lung, K. C., Tso, E., Liu, R., … & Leung, W. K. (2020). Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 159(1), 81–95.
  • Contini, C., Nuzzo, M. Di, Barp, N., Bonazza, A., Giorgio, R. De, Togron, M. & Rubino, S. (2020). The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic : An expected global health concern. The Journal of İnfection in Developing Countries, 14(3), 254–264.
  • D’Aoust, P. M., Graber, T. E., Mercier, E., Montpetit, D., Alexandrov, I., Neault, N., … & Delatolla, R. (2021). Catching a resurgence: Increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in wastewater 48 h before COVID-19 clinical tests and 96 h before hospitalizations. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 145319.
  • de Oliveira, L. C., Torres-Franco, A. F., Lopes, B. C., Santos, B. S. A. da S., Costa, E. A., Costa, M. S., … & Mota, C. R. (2021). Viability of SARS-CoV-2 in river water and wastewater at different temperatures and solids content. Water Research, 195, 117002.
  • Desdouits, M., Piquet, J.-C., Wacrenier, C., Le Mennec, C., Parnaudeau, S., Jousse, S., … & Le Guyader, F. S. (2021). Can shellfish be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in the coastal environment ? Science of the Total Environment, 778, 146270.
  • Dhama, K., Patel, K. S., Sharun, K., Pathak, M., Tiwari, R., Yatoo, M. I., … & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: Zoonotic lessons from SARS , MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 37, 101830.
  • Duda-Chodak, A., Lukasiewicz, M., Ziec, G., Florkiewicz, A. & Filipiak-Florkiewicz, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and food: Present knowledge, risks, consumers fears and safety. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 105, 145–160.
  • Dyal, J.W., Grant, M.P., Broadwater, K., Bjork, A., Waltenburg, M. A., Gibbins, J. D., … & Honein, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 among workers in meat and poultry processing facilities - 19 States, April 2020. CDC – MMWR, 69, 557–561.
  • Fritz, M., Rosolen, B., Krafft, E., Becquart, P., Elguero, E., Vratskikh, O., … & Leroy, E. M. (2020). High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets from COVID-19 + households. One Health, 11, 100192.
  • Giacomelli, A., Pezzati, La., Conti, F., Bernacchia, D., Siano, M., Oreni, L., … & Galli, M. (2020). Self-reported Olfactory and taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, 889–890.
  • Gonçalves, J., Koritnik, T., Mioc, V., Trkov, M., Boljesic, M., Prosenc, K., … & Paragi, M. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater from a low COVID-19 disease prevalence area. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 143226.
  • Gonzalez, R., Curtis, K., Bivins, A., Bibby, K., Weir, M. H., Yetka, K., … & Gonzalez, D. (2020). COVID-19 surveillance in Southeastern Virginia using wastewater-based epidemiology. Water Research, 186, 116296.
  • Göncüoğlu, M., Ayaz, N. D., Cengiz, G., Onaran, B. & Çufaoğlu, G. (2020). Emerging details about COVID-19 and chronology of the pandemic in Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 67, 323–332.
  • Günther, T., Czech-Sioli, M., Indenbirken, D., Robitaille, A., Tenhaken, P., Exner, M., … & Brinkmann, M. M. (2020). SARS-CoV- 2 outbreak investigation in a German meat processing plant. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 12, e13296.
  • Gwenzi, W. (2021). Leaving no stone unturned in light of the COVID-19 faecal-oral hypothesis? A water, sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) perspective targeting low-income countries. Science of the Total Environment, 753, 141751.
  • Haramoto, E., Malla, B., Thakali, O. & Kitajima, M. (2020). First environmental surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and river water in Japan. Science of the Total Environment, 737, 140405.
  • Harypursat, V. & Chen, Y.-K. (2020). Six weeks into the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak: it is time to consider strategies to impede the emergence of new zoonotic infections. Chinese Medical Journal, 133(9), 1118–1120.
  • Hasan, S. W., Ibrahim, Y., Daou, M., Kannout, H., Jan, N., Lopes, A., … & Yousef, A. F. (2021). Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and treated effluents: Surveillance of COVID-19 epidemic in the United Arab Emirates. Science of the Total Environment, 764, 142929.
  • Hata, A., Hara-Yamamura, H., Meuchi, Y., Imai, S. & Honda, R. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Japan during a COVID-19 outbreak. Science of the Total Environment, 758, 143578.
  • He, X., Hong, W., Pan, X., Lu, G. & Wei, X. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant : Characteristics and prevention. Medcomm, 2(4), 838-845.
  • Hillary, L. S., Farkas, K., Maher, K. H., Lucaci, A., Thorpe, J., Distaso, M. A., … & Jones, D. L. (2021). Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater to evaluate the success of lockdown measures for controlling COVID-19 in the UK. Water Research, 200, 117214.
  • Hokajärvi, A.-M., Rytkönen, A., Tiwari, A., Kauppinen, A., Oikarinen, S., Lehto, K.-M., … & Pitkanen, T. (2021). The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 145274.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., … & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497–506.
  • Jawed, I., Tareen, F. R., Cauhan, K. & Nayeem, M. (2020). Food safety and COVID-19: Limitations of HACCP and the way forward. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(5), 01–04.
  • Jawhara, S. (2020). Can drinking microfiltered raw immune milk from cows immunized against SARS-CoV-2 provide short-term protection against COVID-19? Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1888.
  • Jones, D. L., Baluja, Q. M., Graham, D. W., Corbishley, A., Mcdonald, J. E., Malham, S. K., … & Farkas, K. (2020). Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine and its potential role in person-to-person transmission and the environment-based spread of COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 749, 141364.
  • Kanamori, H., Baba, H. & Weber, D. J. (2021). Rethinking One Health approach in the challenging era of COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 11(1), 1852681.
  • Kim, Y. I., Kim, S. G., Kim, S. M., Kim, E.-H., Park, S. J., Yu, K. M., … & Choi, Y. K. (2020). Brief report infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets. Cell Host and Microbe, 27, 704–709.
  • Kiulia, N. M., Hofstra, N., Vermeulen, L. C., Obara, M. A., Medema, G. & Rose, J. B. (2015). Global occurrence and emission of rotaviruses to surface waters. Pathogens, 4, 229–255.
  • Kolarevic, S., Micsinai, A., Szántó-Egész, R., Lukács, A., Kracun-Kolarevic, M., Lundy, L., … & Paunovic, M. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters. Science of the Total Environment, 783, 146967.
  • Lam, T. T.-Y., Jia, N., Zhang, Y.-W., Shum, M. H.-H., Jiang, J.-F., Zhu, H.-C., … & Cao, W.-C. (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature, 583, 282–285.
  • Lamers, M. M., Beumer, J., van der Vaart, J., Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T. I., … & Clevers, H. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science, 369(6499), 50–54.
  • La Rosa, G., Iaconelli, M., Mancini, P., Bonanno Ferraro, G., Veneri, C., Bonadonna, L., … & Suffredini, E. (2020). First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy. Science of the Total Environment, 736, 139652.
  • Li, Y., Wang, W., Lei, Y., Zhang, B., Yang, J., Hu, J. & Lu, Q. (2020). Comparison of the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 43, 427–430.
  • Lu, H., Stratton, C. W. & Tang, Y.-W. (2020). Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of Medical Vİrology, 92, 401–402.
  • Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19 : What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated ? BMJ, 372, n158.
  • Mahlknecht, J., Reyes, D. A. P., Ramos, E., Reyes, L. M. & Alvarez, M. M. (2021). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: Implications for water safety. Science of the Total Environment, 784, 147183.
  • Masters, P. S. (2006). The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research, 66, 193–292.
  • Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G., Italiaander, R. & Brouwer, A. (2020). Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the Netherlands. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 7(7), 511–516.
  • MIN, S., XIANG, C. & ZHANG, X. heng. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food safety knowledge and behavior in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(12), 2926–2936.
  • Miura, F., Kitajima, M. & Omori, R. (2021). Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in faeces as a parameter for wastewater-based epidemiology: Re-analysis of patient data using a shedding dynamics model. Science of the Total Environment, 769, 144549.
  • Mohan, S. V., Hemalatha, M., Kopperi, H., Ranjith, I. & Kumar, A. K. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 in environmental perspective : Occurrence , persistence , surveillance , inactivation and challenges. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126893.
  • Morcatty, T. Q., Feddema, K., Nekaris, K. A. I. & Nijman, V. (2021). Online trade in wildlife and the lack of response to COVID-19. Environmental Research, 193, 110439.
  • Munnik, B. B. O., Sikkema, R. S., Nieuwenhuijse, D. F., Molenaar, R. J., Munger, E., Molenkamp, R., … & Koopmans, M. P. G. (2021). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans. Science, 371, 172–177.
  • Pace, R. M., Williams, J. E., Järvinen, K. M., Belfort, M. B., Pace, C. D. W., Lackey, K. A., … & McGuire, M. K. (2021). Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk produced by Women with COVID-19. mBio, 12(1), e03192-20.
  • Pakpour, A. H., Al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Griffiths, M. D. & Mamun, M. A. (2020). A population-based nationwide dataset concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh. Data in Brief, 33, 106621.
  • Palmer, M. V., Martins, M., Falkenberg, S., Buckley, A., Caserta, L. C., Mitchell, P. K., … & Diel, D. G. (2021). Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) to SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Virology, 95(11), e00083-21.
  • Pan, X., Chen, D., Xia, Y., Wu, X., Li, T., Ou, X., … & Liu, J. (2020). Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 411–412.
  • Patterson, E. I., Elia, G., Grassi, A., Giordano, A., Desario, C., Medardo, M., … & Decaro, N. (2020). Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy. Nature Communications, 11, 6231.
  • Pillay, L., Amoah, I. D., Deepnarain, N., Pillay, K., Awolusi, O. O., Kumari, S. & Bux, F. (2021). Monitoring changes in COVID-19 infection using wastewater-based epidemiology: A South African perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 786, 147273.
  • Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A. & Sánchez, G. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. Water Research, 181, 115942.
  • Ren, S.-Y., Wang, W.-B., Hao, Y.-G., Zhang, H.-R., Wang, Z.-C., Chen, Y.-L. & Gao, R.-D. (2020). Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(8), 1391–1399.
  • Rimoldi, G. S., Stefani, F., Gigantiello, A., Polesello, S., Comandatore, F., Mileto, D., … & Salerno, F. (2020). Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers. Science of the Total Environment, 744, 140911.
  • Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Rabaan, A. A., Sah, R., Paniz-Mondolfi, A., … & Esposito, S. (2020). History is repeating itself : Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 28(1), 3–5.
  • Róka, E., Khayer, B., Kis, Z., Kovacs, L. B., Schuler, E., Magyar, N., … & Vargha, M. (2021). Ahead of the second wave: Early warning for COVID-19 by wastewater surveillance in Hungary. Science of the Total Environment, 786, 147398.
  • Saguti, F., Magnil, E., Enache, L., Churqui, M. P., Johansson, A., Lumley, D., … & Norder, H. (2021). Surveillance of wastewater revealed peaks of SARS-CoV-2 preceding those of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Water Research, 189, 116620.
  • Sala-Comorera, L., Reynolds, L. J., Martin, N. A., O’Sullivan, J. J., Meijer, W. G. & Fletcher, N. F. (2021). Decay of infectious SARS-CoV-2 and surrogates in aquatic environments. Water Research, 201, 117090.
  • Shahbaz, M., Bilal, M., Moiz, A., Zubair, S. & Iqbal, H. M. N. (2020). Food Safety and COVID-19 : Precautionary Measures to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus at Food Service and Retail Sector. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14, 749-756.
  • Sherchan, S. P., Shahin, S., Ward, L. M., Tandukar, S., Aw, T. G., Schmitz, B., … & Kitajima, M. (2020). First detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in North America: A study in Louisiana, USA. Science of the Total Environment, 743, 140621.
  • Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., … & Bu, Z. (2020). Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS – coronavirus 2. Science, 368(6494), 1016–1020.
  • Sit, T. H. C., Brackman, C. J., Ip, S. M., Tam, K. W. S., Law, P. Y. T., To, E. M. W., … & Peiris, M. (2020). Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 586(7831), 776–778.
  • Tao, K., Tzou, P. L., Nouhin, J., Gupta, R. K., de Oliveira, T., Pond, S. L. K., … & Shafer, R. W. (2021). The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature Reviews Genetics, 22, 757–773.
  • Ulrich, L., Wernike, K., Hoffmann, D., Mettenleiter, T. C. & Beer, M. (2020). Experimental infection of cattle with SARS-CoV-2. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(12), 2979–2981.
  • USDA Animal and Planet Health Inspection Service (2020, April, 5). Statement on the confirmation of COVID-19 in a tiger in New York. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/news/sa_by_date/sa-2020/ny-zoo-covid-19
  • van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., Tamin, A., … & Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(16), 1564–1567.
  • Wassenaar, T. M. & Zou, Y. (2020). 2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 70(5), 342–348.
  • Weidhaas, J., Aanderud, Z. T., Roper, D. K., VanDerslice, J., Gaddis, E. B., Ostermiller, J., … & Lacross, N. (2021). Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater with COVID-19 disease burden in sewersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 775, 145790.
  • Westhaus, S., Weber, F.-A., Schiwy, S., Linnemann, V., Brinkmann, M., Widera, M., … & Ciesek, S. (2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – Suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks. Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141750.
  • World Health Organization (2021, December, 23). Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process. https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/Status_COVID_VAX_23Dec2021.pdf
  • Wu, Y., Guo, C., Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Yin, H., Xiao, Q., Tang, Y., Qu, X., Kuang, L., Fang, X., Mishra, N., Lu, J., Shan, H., Jiang, G., & Huang, X. (2020). Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 5(5), 434–435.
  • Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H., Fang, C., Gong, Y., Guo, Q., Sun, X., Zhao, D., Shen, J., Zhang, H., Liu, H., Xia, H., Tang, J., Zhang, K., & Gong, S. (2020). Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nature medicine, 26(4), 502–505.
  • Yang, X. (2020). Potential consequences of COVID-19 for sustainable meat consumption: the role of food safety concerns and responsibility attributions. British Food Journal, 123(2), 455-474.
  • Ye, Z. W., Yuan, S., Yuen, K. S., Fung, S. Y., Chan, C. P., & Jin, D. Y. (2020). Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses. International journal of biological sciences, 16(10), 1686–1697.
  • Yekta, R., Vahid-Dastjerdi, L., Norouzbeigi, S., & Mortazavian, A. M. (2021). Food products as potential carriers of SARS-CoV-2. Food control, 123, 107754.
  • Zhang, Q., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Huang, K., Yang, Y., Hui, X., He, X., Li, C., Gong, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Peng, C., Gao, X., Chen, H., Zou, Z., Shi, Z. L., & Jin, M. (2020). A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan. Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 2013–2019.
  • Zhang, T., Cui, X., Zhao, X., Wang, J., Zheng, J., Zheng, G., Guo, W., Cai, C., He, S., & Xu, Y. (2020a). Detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in feces of three children during recovery period of COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of medical virology, 92(7), 909–914.
  • Zhang, T., Wu, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2020b). Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Current biology : CB, 30(7), 1346–1351.e2.
  • Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Song, Y., Zhu, S., Wang, D., Zhang, H., Han, G., Weng, Y., Xu, J., Xu, J., Yu, P., Jiang, W., Yang, X., Lang, Z., Yan, D., Wang, Y., Song, J., Gao, G. F., Wu, G., & Xu, W. (2020). Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 through faecal specimens. Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 2501–2508.
  • Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H. R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C. L., Chen, H. D., Chen, J., Luo, Y., Guo, H., Jiang, R. D., Liu, M. Q., Chen, Y., Shen, X. R., Wang, X., Zheng, X. S., … & Shi, Z. L. (2020). Addendum: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 588(7836), E6.
There are 94 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun 0000-0002-5181-7577

Seran Temelli 0000-0002-8869-4929

Ayşegül Eyigör 0000-0002-2707-3117

Publication Date August 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Coşkun, A. G., Temelli, S., & Eyigör, A. (2022). Clues for zoonotic potential and transmission of Sars-CoV-2 via food and water. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 6(2), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1072726

CC-BY
This journal is presented to the reader under  Creative Commons attribution 4.0 international  (CC-BY 4.0)