Review
BibTex RIS Cite

COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 183 - 198, 25.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21146

Abstract

Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19), solunum yoluyla insandan insana bulaşan ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Tüm dünyada pandemi halini alan bu hastalık önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Beslenmenin yeterli ve dengeli olması, virüslerin yayılmasını azaltmada koruyucu yöntem olarak bilinmektedir. Bireylerde bu bilincin oluşmasıyla, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek için pandemi döneminde yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin yanı sıra takviye edici gıdaların (TEG) kullanımının önemli ölçüde arttığı görülmektedir. TEG, bağışıklık güçlendirici, antiviral, antioksidan, antiinflamatuar etkilere sahiptir. Bazı bileşenlerin TEG şeklinde yeterli ve etkili dozda kullanımı, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmede, virüs yayılmasını önleyerek hastalığın ilerlemesini engellemede ve inflamasyonu bastırmada fayda sağlamaktadır. COVID-19’un yönetiminde potansiyel rolü olduğu düşünülen bileşenlerin sağlık üzerine koruyucu ve terapötik etkilerini anlamada in vitro ve klinik çalışmalar sürdürülmektedir. Bu derlemede COVID-19’u önleme veya tedavi sırasında iyileşmede etkisi olan D vitamini, C vitamini, çinko, omega-3 yağ asitleri, probiyotikler, diğer bazı immünomodülatör bileşikler ile tüketicilerin pandemi döneminde TEG kullanımları irdelenmiştir.

References

  • Adams, K. K., Baker, W. L., Sobieraj, D. M. (2020). Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother, 54(8): 820-826. doi: 10.1177/1060028020928052.
  • Aday, S., Aday, M. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain. Food Qual. Saf, 4(4):167-180. doi: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa024.
  • Altun, H. K., Ermumcu, M. S. K., Kurklu, N. S. (2021). Evaluation of dietary supplement, functional food and herbal medicine use by dietitians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nutr, 24(5): 861-869. doi:10.1017/S1368980020005297.
  • Aranow, C. (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med, 59(6):881-886. doi: 10.231/JIM.0b013e31821b8755. Asher, A., Tintle, N. L., Myers, M., Lockshon, L., Bacareza, H., Harris, W. S. (2021). Blood omega-3 fatty acids and death from COVID-19: A pilot study. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 166:102250. doi: 10 .1016/j.plefa.2021.102250.
  • Ayseli, Y. I., Aytekin, N., Buyukkayhan, D., Aslan, I., Ayseli, M. T. (2020). Food policy, nutrition and nutraceuticals in the prevention and management of COVID-19: Advice for healthcare professionals. Trends Food Sci. Technol, 105:186-199. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.001.
  • Aytekin, N., Godfri, B., Cunliffe, A. (2019). ‘The hunger trap hypothesis’: New horizons in understanding the control of food intake. Med Hypotheses, 129:109247. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109247.
  • Bae, M., Kim, H. (2020). The role of vitamin C, vitamin D and selenium in immune system against COVID-19. Mol, 25(22):5346. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225346.
  • Baeke F., Takiishi T., Korf H, Gysemans C., Mathieu C. (2010). Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 10: 482–496. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001.
  • Bagheri, M., Haghollahi, F., Shariat, M., Jafarabadi, M., Aryamloo, P., Rezayof, E. (2020). Supplement usage pattern in a group of COVID-19 patients in Tehran. J Family Reprod Health, 14(3):158. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v14i3.4668.
  • Banerjee, S. (2020). To evaluate Safety & Efficacy of established medicine in controlling COVID-19 SARS-CoV2 infection in a home-quarantine environment.
  • Boretti, A., Banik, B. K. (2020). Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. PharmaNutrition, 12:100190. doi: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190.
  • Brown, J. D., Vouri, S. M., Manini, T. M. (2021). Survey-reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm, 17(8):1478-1482. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.005.
  • Cai, Y., Li, Y. F., Tang, L. P., Tsoi, B., Chen, M., Chen, H., Chen, X.M., Rong-Tan, R., Kurihara, H., He, R. R. (2015). A new mechanism of vitamin C effects on A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus-induced pneumonia in restraint-stressed mice. Biomed Res Int. 2015:675149, p. 12. doi: 10.1155/2015/675149.
  • Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients, 12(4): 1181. doi: 10.3390/nu12041181.
  • Cámara, M., Sánchez-Mata, M. C., Fernández-Ruiz, V., Cámara, R. M., Cebadera, E., Domínguez, L. (2021). A review of the role of micronutrients and bioactive compounds on ımmune system supporting to fight against the COVID-19 disease. Foods, 10(5):1088. doi: 10.3390/foods10051088.
  • Celik, C., Gencay, A., Ocsoy, I. (2020). Can food and food supplements be deployed in the fight against the COVID 19 pandemic?. Biochim Biophys Acta, 129801. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129801.
  • Cowan, A. E., Jun, S., Gahche, J. J., Tooze, J. A., Dwyer, J. T., Eicher-Miller, H. A., Bhadra, A., Guenther, P.M., Potischman, N., Dodd, K.W., Bailey, R. L. (2018). Dietary supplement use differs by socioeconomic and health-related characteristics among US adults, NHANES 2011–2014. Nutrients, 10(8): 1114. doi: 10.3390/nu10081114.
  • Das, U.N. (2020). Response to: Bioactive Lipids and Coronavirus (COVID-19)-further discussion, Arch. Med. Res, 51:445–449. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.004.
  • De la Fuente, M., Hernanz, A., Guayerbas, N., Manuel Victor, V., Arnalich, F. (2008). Vitamin E ingestion improves several immune functions in elderly men and women. Free Radic Res, 42(3): 272-280. doi: 10.1080/10715760801898838.
  • Dey, S. K., Rahman, M. M., Siddiqi, U. R., Howlader, A. (2020). Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach. J Med Virol, 92(6): 632-638. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25743.
  • Di Matteo, G., Spano, M., Grosso, M., Salvo, A., Ingallina, C., Russo, M., Ritieni, A., Mannina, L. (2020). Food and COVID-19: preventive/co-therapeutic strategies explored by current clinical trials and in silico studies. Foods, 9(8):1036. doi: i:10.3390/foods9081036.
  • Dumas, A., Bernard, L., Poquet, Y., Lugo‐Villarino, G., Neyrolles, O. (2018). The role of the lung microbiota and the gut–lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol, 20(12): e12966. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12966.
  • Erol, A. (2020). High-dose intravenous Vitamin C treatment for COVID-19 (a mechanistic approach). OSF. doi, 10. Esakandari, H., Nabi-Afjadi, M., Fakkari-Afjadi, J., Farahmandian, N., Miresmaeili, S. M., Bahreini, E. (2020). A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics. Biol Proced Online, 22:1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12575-020-00128-2.
  • Gabryszewski, S. J., Bachar, O., Dyer, K. D., Percopo, C. M., Killoran, K. E., Domachowske, J. B., Rosenberg, H. F. (2011). Lactobacillus-mediated priming of the respiratory mucosa protects against lethal pneumovirus infection. J Immunol Res, 186(2):1151-1161. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001751.
  • Galanakis, C. M., Aldawoud, T., Rizou, M., Rowan, N. J., Ibrahim, S. A. (2020). Food ingredients and active compounds against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A comprehensive review. Foods, 9(11):1701. doi: 10.3390/foods9111701. Galanakis, C. M. (2020). The Food Systems in the Era of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis. Foods, 9(4): 523. doi: 10.3390/foods9040523.
  • Gasmi, A., Tippairote, T., Mujawdiya, P. K., Peana, M., Menzel, A., Dadar, M., Benahmed, A.G., Bjørklund, G. (2020). Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol, 108545. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545.
  • González, S. (2020). Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease. Nutrients, 12: 348. doi: 10.3390/nu12020348. Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B., Aliano, J. L., Bhattoa, H. P. (2020). Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4): 988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988.
  • GTBD (2021). https://gtbd.org.tr/gida-takviyesi-kullanimi-ve-beslenme-aliskanliklari-olcumu-anketi/. Erişim Tarihi: 5.10.2021. Halloran, K., Underwood, M. A. (2019). Probiotic mechanisms of action. Early Hum Dev, 135: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.05.010.
  • Hamulka, J., Jeruszka-Bielak, M., Górnicka, M., Drywień, M. E., Zielinska-Pukos, M. A. (2021). Dietary Supplements during COVID-19 outbreak. Results of Google Trends analysis supported by PLifeCOVID-19 online studies. Nutrients, 13(1):54. doi: 10.3390/nu13010054.
  • Hemilä, H. (2011). Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review. Open Respir. Med. J, 5:51. doi: 10.2174/1874306401105010051.
  • Hemilä, H., Fitzgerald, J. T., Petrus, E. J., Prasad, A. (2017). Zinc acetate lozenges may improve the recovery rate of common cold patients: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4(2): ofx059. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx059.
  • Hemilä, H., Suonsyrjä, T. (2017). Vitamin C for preventing atrial fibrillation in high risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 17(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0478-5.
  • Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Whitaker, I. S., Marik, P. E., Smith, A. D. (2020). Vitamin C—An adjunctive therapy for respiratory infection, sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(12): 3760. doi: 10.3390/nu12123760.
  • Ibrahim, I. M., Abdelmalek, D. H., Elshahat, M. E., Elfiky, A. A. (2020). COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction. J Infect, 80(5):554-562. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.026.
  • Iddir, M., Brito, A., Dingeo, G., Fernandez Del Campo, S. S., Samouda, H., La Frano, M. R., Bohn, T. (2020). Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients, 12(6): 1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562.
  • Jafari, D., Esmaeilzadeh, A., Mohammadi-Kordkhayli, M., Rezaei, N. (2019). Vitamin C and the immune system. In Nutrition and Immunity (pp. 81-102). Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_5.
  • Jain, A., Chaurasia, R., Sengar, N. S., Singh, M., Mahor, S., Narain, S. (2020). Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep, 10(1):1-8. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77093-z.
  • Jakovac, H. (2020). COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Met, 318(5):E589-E589. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2020.
  • Jayawardena, R., Sooriyaarachchi, P., Chourdakis, M., Jeewandara, C., Ranasinghe, P. (2020). Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab. Syndr.:Clin. Res. Rev, 14(4): 367-382. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.
  • Jolliffe, D. A., Griffiths, C. J., Martineau, A. R. (2013). Vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory infection: systematic review of clinical studies. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 136: 321-329. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.
  • Jothimani, D., Kailasam, E., Danielraj, S., Nallathambi, B., Ramachandran, H., Sekar, P., Manoharan, S., Ramani, V., Narasimhan, G., Kaliamoorthy, I., Rela, M. (2020). COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis, 100: 343-349. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014.
  • Karbownik, M. S., Dobielska, M., Paul, E., Kowalczyk, R. P., Kowalczyk, E. (2021). Health-medication-and dietary supplement-related behaviors and beliefs relatively unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Res Social Adm Pharm, 17(8): 1501-1506. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.015.
  • Khabour, O. F., Hassanein, S. F. (2021). Use of vitamin/zinc supplements, medicinal plants, and immune boosting drinks during COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study from Benha city, Egypt. Heliyon, 7(3): e06538. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06538.
  • Khalili, H., Nasiripour, S., Etminiani-Esfahani, M. (2010). Serum vitamin D concentration in pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infected patients. J. Diabetes Metab Disord, 9:19.
  • Khan, H. M. W., Parikh, N., Megala, S. M., Predeteanu, G. S. (2020). Unusual early recovery of a critical COVID-19 patient after administration of intravenous vitamin C. Am J Case Rep, 21: e925521-1. doi:10.12659/AJCR.925521.
  • Kieliszek, M., Lipinski, B. (2020). Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses, 143:109878. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878.
  • Kumar, R., Haq, A., Wimalawansa, S. J., Sharma, A. (2020). Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19. Virus Res, 292:198235. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198235.
  • Lange, K. W., Nakamura, Y. (2020). Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19. Glob J Health Sci, 4(4):146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.002.
  • Lei, S., Jiang, F., Su, W., Chen, C., Chen, J., Mei, W., Zhan, L.Y., Jia, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, D., Xia., Z.Y., Xia, Z. (2020). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. EClinicalMedicine, 21:100331. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100331.
  • Liu, J., Liao, X., Qian, S., Yuan, J., Wang, F., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, F.S., Liu, L., Zhang, Z. (2020). Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China. Emerg Infect Dis, 26(6):1320. doi: 10.3201/eid2606.200239.
  • Lordan, R., Rando, H. M., Greene, C. S. (2021). Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals under investigation for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Msystems, 6(3): e00122-21. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00122-21.
  • Louca, P., Murray, B., Klaser, K., Graham, M. S., Mazidi, M., Leeming, E. R., Menni, C. (2020). Dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 1.4 M users of the COVID Symptom Study app-a longitudinal app-based community survey. medRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.27.20239087.
  • Maares, M., Haase, H. (2016). Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation. Arch Biochem Biophys, 611: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.022.
  • Mah, E., Kaden, V. N., Kelley, K. M., Liska, D. J. (2020). Beverage containing dispersible yeast β-glucan decreases cold/flu symptomatic days after intense exercise: A randomized controlled trial. J Diet Suppl, 17(2): 200-210. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1495676.
  • Mak, J. W., Chan, F. K., Ng, S. C. (2020). Probiotics and COVID-19: one size does not fit all. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5(7): 644-645. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30122-9.
  • McCarty M.F., DiNicolantonio J.J. (2020). Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 63:383–385. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.007.
  • Manoharan, Y., Haridas, V., Vasanthakumar, K. C., Muthu, S., Thavoorullah, F. F., Shetty, P. (2020). Curcumin: A wonder drug as a preventive measure for COVID19 management. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 35(3):373-375. doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00902-9.
  • McKee, D. L., Sternberg, A., Stange, U., Laufer, S., Naujokat, C. (2020). Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Pharmacol Res, 157:104859. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104859.
  • Messina, G., Polito, R., Monda, V., Cipolloni, L., Di Nunno, N., Di Mizio, G., Murabito, P., Carotenuta, M., Messina, A., Pisanelli, D., Valenzano, A., Cibelli, G., Scarinci, A., Monda, M., Sessa, F. (2020). Functional role of dietary intervention to improve the outcome of COVID-19: A hypothesis of work. Int J Mol Sci, 21(9): 3104. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093104.
  • Mossink, J. P. (2020). Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID–19 disease. BMJ Nutr Prev Health, 3(1):111. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000095.
  • Mrityunjaya, M., Pavithra, V., Neelam, R., Janhavi, P., Halami, P. M., Ravindra, P. V. (2020). Immune-boosting, antioxidant and antiinflammatory food supplements targeting pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front. Immunol, 11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570122.
  • Noomhorm, A., Ahmad, I., Anal, A. K. (ed.). (2014). Functional foods and dietary supplements: processing effects and health benefits. John Wiley & Sons. Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 527 p.
  • Polansky, H., Lori, G. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55(6):105971. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105971.
  • Prasad, A. S. (2008). Zinc in human health: Effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med, 14(5):353-357. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093104.
  • Pereira, M., Dantas Damascena, A., Galvão Azevedo, L. M., de Almeida Oliveira, T., da Mota Santana, J. (2020). Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 1-9. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090.
  • Rhodes, J. M., Subramanian, S., Laird, E., Griffin, G., Kenny, R. A. (2021). Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity–plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis. J Intern Med, 289(1): 97-115. doi: 10.1111/joim.13149.
  • Rodríguez-Pérez, C., Molina-Montes, E., Verardo, V., Artacho, R., García-Villanova, B., Guerra-Hernández, E. J., Ruíz-López, M. D. (2020). Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients, 12(6):1730. doi: 10.3390/nu12061730.
  • Rogero, M. M., Leão, M. D. C., Santana, T. M., de MB Pimentel, M. V., Carlini, G. C., da Silveira, T. F., Gonçalves, R.C., Castro, I. A. (2020). Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med, 156:190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.005.
  • Roy, A., Sarkar, B., Celik, C., Ghosh, A., Basu, U., Jana, M., Jana, A., Gencay, A., Can-Sezgin, G., Ildiz, N., Dam, P., Mandal, A.K., Ocsoy, I. (2020). Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunity‐boosting nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID‐19? Phytother Res, doi: 10.1002/ptr.6766.
  • Sabater, J., Masclans, J. R., Sacanell, J., Chacon, P., Sabin, P., Planas, M. (2011). Effects of an omega-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion on eicosanoid synthesis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Nutr.& Metab, 8(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-22.
  • Sahebnasagh, A., Saghafi, F., Avan, R., Khoshi, A., Khataminia, M., Safdari, M., Nabavi, S. M. (2020). The prophylaxis and treatment potential of supplements for COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol, 887: 173530. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173530.
  • Savarese, M., Castellini, G., Morelli, L., Graffigna, G. (2021). COVID-19 disease and nutritional choices: How will the pandemic reconfigure our food psychology and habits? A case study of the Italian population. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis, 31(2):399-402. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.013.
  • Sekhri, K., Kaur, K. (2014). Public knowledge, use and attitude toward multivitamin supplementation: A cross-sectional study among general public. Int J Appl Basic Med Res, 4(2): 77. doi: 10.4103/2229-516X.136780.
  • Singh, P., Tripathi, M. K., Yasir, M., Khare, R., Tripathi, M. K., Shrivastava, R. (2020). Potential Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and Functional Food Components as Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19: A Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 75:458–4. doi: 10.1007/s11130-020-00861-9.
  • Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Al Dhaheri, A. S., Ali, H. I., Platat, C., Ismail, L. C., Apostolopoulos, Stojanovska, L. (2020). Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19?. Maturitas, 143:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003.
  • Skalny, A. V., Rink, L., Ajsuvakova, O. P., Aschner, M., Gritsenko, V. A., Alekseenko, S. I., Svistunov, A.A., Petrakis, D., Spandidos, D.A., Aaseth, J., Tsatsakis, A., Tinkov, A. A. (2020). Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID 19. Int J Mol Med, 46(1):17-26. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
  • Suravajhala, R., Parashar, A., Malik, B., Nagaraj, V. A., Padmanaban, G., Kavi Kishor, P. B., Suravajhala, P. (2020). Comparative docking studies on curcumin with COVID-19 proteins. doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0439.v3.
  • Te Velthuis, A. J., van den Worm, S. H., Sims, A. C., Baric, R. S., Snijder, E. J., van Hemert, M. J. (2010). Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog, 6(11): e1001176. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176.
  • Valencia, D. N. (2020). Brief review on COVID-19: The 2020 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Cureus, 12(3): e7386. doi:10.7759/cureus.7386.
  • Velioğlu-Er, E. (2019). Gıda takviyelerinin kullanımının belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma: Trakya örneği. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trakya, Türkiye, 97s.
  • Veysioğlu, N., Mendeş, B. (2020). Koronavirüs hastalığı olan bireylerin beslenmesinde mikro besin öğesi takviyeleri. 1th Science and Innovation Congress, Ankara, Türkiye, 20 - 21 Aralık 2020.
  • Vivier, E., Raulet, D. H., Moretta, A., Caligiuri, M. A., Zitvogel, L., Lanier, L. L., Yokoyama, W.M., Ugolini, S. (2011). Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells. Science, 331(6013): 44-49. doi: 10.1126/science.1198687.
  • Von-Bülow V., Dubben S., Engelhardt G., Hebel S., Plümäkers B., Heine H., Rink L., Haase H. (2007). Zinc-dependent suppression of TNF-a production is mediated by protein kinase A induced inhibition of Raf-1, IκB kinase b, and NF-κB. J Immunol 179:4180–4186. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4180.
  • Wang, L. S., Wang, Y. R., Ye, D. W., Liu, Q. Q. (2020). A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55:105948. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10.
  • Weill, P., Plissonneau, C., Legrand, P., Rioux, V., Thibault, R. (2020). May omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation help reduce severe complications in Covid-19 atients?. Biochimie, 179:275-280. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.003.
  • WHO (2021). Coronavirus. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 (Erişim Tarihi: Ağustos, 2021) Yasar, R. K., Aytekin, Ö. Ü. (2021). COVID-19 ve Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkiye Güncel Bir Bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19(1):108-115. doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.927735.
  • Zhang, J., Taylor, E. W., Bennett, K., Saad, R., Rayman, M. P. (2020). Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 111(6):1297-1299. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa095.
  • Zhang, H., Kang, Z., Gong, H., Xu, D., Wang, J., Li, Z., Cui, X., Xiao, Meng, T., Zhou, W., Liu, J., Xu, H. (2020). The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. BioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
  • Zhang L., Liu Y. (2020). Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol, 92:479–490. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25707.
  • Zhou, Y. F., Luo, B. A., Qin, L. L. (2019). The association between vitamin D deficiency and community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine, 98(38):e17252, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017252.
  • Zhou, Z., Zhao, N., Shu, Y., Han, S., Chen, B., Shu, X. (2020). Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology, 158(8): 2294. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.020.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS USED TO PREVENT COVID-19 DISEASE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 183 - 198, 25.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21146

Abstract

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease transmitted from person to person through the respiratory route. This disease, which has become a pandemic all over the world, has become an important public health problem. Adequate and balanced nutrition is known as a preventive method in reducing the spread of the virus. In order to increase the immune system with the formation of this awareness in individuals, in addition to adequate and balanced nutrition during the pandemic period, it is seen that the use of dietary supplements (DS) has increased significantly. DS has immune boosting, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects. The use of some components in the form of DS in sufficient and effective doses provides benefits in strengthening the immune system, preventing the progression of the disease by preventing the spread of viruses and suppressing inflammation. In vitro and clinical studies are ongoing to understand the protective and therapeutic effects of components thought to have a potential role in the management of COVID-19. In this review, vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics and some other immunomodulatory compounds, which have an effect on preventing or healing COVID-19 during treatment and consumers use of DS during the pandemic period were examined.

References

  • Adams, K. K., Baker, W. L., Sobieraj, D. M. (2020). Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother, 54(8): 820-826. doi: 10.1177/1060028020928052.
  • Aday, S., Aday, M. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain. Food Qual. Saf, 4(4):167-180. doi: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa024.
  • Altun, H. K., Ermumcu, M. S. K., Kurklu, N. S. (2021). Evaluation of dietary supplement, functional food and herbal medicine use by dietitians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nutr, 24(5): 861-869. doi:10.1017/S1368980020005297.
  • Aranow, C. (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med, 59(6):881-886. doi: 10.231/JIM.0b013e31821b8755. Asher, A., Tintle, N. L., Myers, M., Lockshon, L., Bacareza, H., Harris, W. S. (2021). Blood omega-3 fatty acids and death from COVID-19: A pilot study. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 166:102250. doi: 10 .1016/j.plefa.2021.102250.
  • Ayseli, Y. I., Aytekin, N., Buyukkayhan, D., Aslan, I., Ayseli, M. T. (2020). Food policy, nutrition and nutraceuticals in the prevention and management of COVID-19: Advice for healthcare professionals. Trends Food Sci. Technol, 105:186-199. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.001.
  • Aytekin, N., Godfri, B., Cunliffe, A. (2019). ‘The hunger trap hypothesis’: New horizons in understanding the control of food intake. Med Hypotheses, 129:109247. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109247.
  • Bae, M., Kim, H. (2020). The role of vitamin C, vitamin D and selenium in immune system against COVID-19. Mol, 25(22):5346. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225346.
  • Baeke F., Takiishi T., Korf H, Gysemans C., Mathieu C. (2010). Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 10: 482–496. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001.
  • Bagheri, M., Haghollahi, F., Shariat, M., Jafarabadi, M., Aryamloo, P., Rezayof, E. (2020). Supplement usage pattern in a group of COVID-19 patients in Tehran. J Family Reprod Health, 14(3):158. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v14i3.4668.
  • Banerjee, S. (2020). To evaluate Safety & Efficacy of established medicine in controlling COVID-19 SARS-CoV2 infection in a home-quarantine environment.
  • Boretti, A., Banik, B. K. (2020). Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. PharmaNutrition, 12:100190. doi: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190.
  • Brown, J. D., Vouri, S. M., Manini, T. M. (2021). Survey-reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm, 17(8):1478-1482. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.005.
  • Cai, Y., Li, Y. F., Tang, L. P., Tsoi, B., Chen, M., Chen, H., Chen, X.M., Rong-Tan, R., Kurihara, H., He, R. R. (2015). A new mechanism of vitamin C effects on A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus-induced pneumonia in restraint-stressed mice. Biomed Res Int. 2015:675149, p. 12. doi: 10.1155/2015/675149.
  • Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients, 12(4): 1181. doi: 10.3390/nu12041181.
  • Cámara, M., Sánchez-Mata, M. C., Fernández-Ruiz, V., Cámara, R. M., Cebadera, E., Domínguez, L. (2021). A review of the role of micronutrients and bioactive compounds on ımmune system supporting to fight against the COVID-19 disease. Foods, 10(5):1088. doi: 10.3390/foods10051088.
  • Celik, C., Gencay, A., Ocsoy, I. (2020). Can food and food supplements be deployed in the fight against the COVID 19 pandemic?. Biochim Biophys Acta, 129801. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129801.
  • Cowan, A. E., Jun, S., Gahche, J. J., Tooze, J. A., Dwyer, J. T., Eicher-Miller, H. A., Bhadra, A., Guenther, P.M., Potischman, N., Dodd, K.W., Bailey, R. L. (2018). Dietary supplement use differs by socioeconomic and health-related characteristics among US adults, NHANES 2011–2014. Nutrients, 10(8): 1114. doi: 10.3390/nu10081114.
  • Das, U.N. (2020). Response to: Bioactive Lipids and Coronavirus (COVID-19)-further discussion, Arch. Med. Res, 51:445–449. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.004.
  • De la Fuente, M., Hernanz, A., Guayerbas, N., Manuel Victor, V., Arnalich, F. (2008). Vitamin E ingestion improves several immune functions in elderly men and women. Free Radic Res, 42(3): 272-280. doi: 10.1080/10715760801898838.
  • Dey, S. K., Rahman, M. M., Siddiqi, U. R., Howlader, A. (2020). Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach. J Med Virol, 92(6): 632-638. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25743.
  • Di Matteo, G., Spano, M., Grosso, M., Salvo, A., Ingallina, C., Russo, M., Ritieni, A., Mannina, L. (2020). Food and COVID-19: preventive/co-therapeutic strategies explored by current clinical trials and in silico studies. Foods, 9(8):1036. doi: i:10.3390/foods9081036.
  • Dumas, A., Bernard, L., Poquet, Y., Lugo‐Villarino, G., Neyrolles, O. (2018). The role of the lung microbiota and the gut–lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol, 20(12): e12966. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12966.
  • Erol, A. (2020). High-dose intravenous Vitamin C treatment for COVID-19 (a mechanistic approach). OSF. doi, 10. Esakandari, H., Nabi-Afjadi, M., Fakkari-Afjadi, J., Farahmandian, N., Miresmaeili, S. M., Bahreini, E. (2020). A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics. Biol Proced Online, 22:1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12575-020-00128-2.
  • Gabryszewski, S. J., Bachar, O., Dyer, K. D., Percopo, C. M., Killoran, K. E., Domachowske, J. B., Rosenberg, H. F. (2011). Lactobacillus-mediated priming of the respiratory mucosa protects against lethal pneumovirus infection. J Immunol Res, 186(2):1151-1161. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001751.
  • Galanakis, C. M., Aldawoud, T., Rizou, M., Rowan, N. J., Ibrahim, S. A. (2020). Food ingredients and active compounds against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A comprehensive review. Foods, 9(11):1701. doi: 10.3390/foods9111701. Galanakis, C. M. (2020). The Food Systems in the Era of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis. Foods, 9(4): 523. doi: 10.3390/foods9040523.
  • Gasmi, A., Tippairote, T., Mujawdiya, P. K., Peana, M., Menzel, A., Dadar, M., Benahmed, A.G., Bjørklund, G. (2020). Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol, 108545. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545.
  • González, S. (2020). Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease. Nutrients, 12: 348. doi: 10.3390/nu12020348. Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B., Aliano, J. L., Bhattoa, H. P. (2020). Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4): 988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988.
  • GTBD (2021). https://gtbd.org.tr/gida-takviyesi-kullanimi-ve-beslenme-aliskanliklari-olcumu-anketi/. Erişim Tarihi: 5.10.2021. Halloran, K., Underwood, M. A. (2019). Probiotic mechanisms of action. Early Hum Dev, 135: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.05.010.
  • Hamulka, J., Jeruszka-Bielak, M., Górnicka, M., Drywień, M. E., Zielinska-Pukos, M. A. (2021). Dietary Supplements during COVID-19 outbreak. Results of Google Trends analysis supported by PLifeCOVID-19 online studies. Nutrients, 13(1):54. doi: 10.3390/nu13010054.
  • Hemilä, H. (2011). Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review. Open Respir. Med. J, 5:51. doi: 10.2174/1874306401105010051.
  • Hemilä, H., Fitzgerald, J. T., Petrus, E. J., Prasad, A. (2017). Zinc acetate lozenges may improve the recovery rate of common cold patients: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4(2): ofx059. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx059.
  • Hemilä, H., Suonsyrjä, T. (2017). Vitamin C for preventing atrial fibrillation in high risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 17(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0478-5.
  • Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Whitaker, I. S., Marik, P. E., Smith, A. D. (2020). Vitamin C—An adjunctive therapy for respiratory infection, sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(12): 3760. doi: 10.3390/nu12123760.
  • Ibrahim, I. M., Abdelmalek, D. H., Elshahat, M. E., Elfiky, A. A. (2020). COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction. J Infect, 80(5):554-562. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.026.
  • Iddir, M., Brito, A., Dingeo, G., Fernandez Del Campo, S. S., Samouda, H., La Frano, M. R., Bohn, T. (2020). Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients, 12(6): 1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562.
  • Jafari, D., Esmaeilzadeh, A., Mohammadi-Kordkhayli, M., Rezaei, N. (2019). Vitamin C and the immune system. In Nutrition and Immunity (pp. 81-102). Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_5.
  • Jain, A., Chaurasia, R., Sengar, N. S., Singh, M., Mahor, S., Narain, S. (2020). Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep, 10(1):1-8. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77093-z.
  • Jakovac, H. (2020). COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Met, 318(5):E589-E589. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2020.
  • Jayawardena, R., Sooriyaarachchi, P., Chourdakis, M., Jeewandara, C., Ranasinghe, P. (2020). Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab. Syndr.:Clin. Res. Rev, 14(4): 367-382. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.
  • Jolliffe, D. A., Griffiths, C. J., Martineau, A. R. (2013). Vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory infection: systematic review of clinical studies. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 136: 321-329. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.
  • Jothimani, D., Kailasam, E., Danielraj, S., Nallathambi, B., Ramachandran, H., Sekar, P., Manoharan, S., Ramani, V., Narasimhan, G., Kaliamoorthy, I., Rela, M. (2020). COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis, 100: 343-349. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014.
  • Karbownik, M. S., Dobielska, M., Paul, E., Kowalczyk, R. P., Kowalczyk, E. (2021). Health-medication-and dietary supplement-related behaviors and beliefs relatively unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Res Social Adm Pharm, 17(8): 1501-1506. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.015.
  • Khabour, O. F., Hassanein, S. F. (2021). Use of vitamin/zinc supplements, medicinal plants, and immune boosting drinks during COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study from Benha city, Egypt. Heliyon, 7(3): e06538. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06538.
  • Khalili, H., Nasiripour, S., Etminiani-Esfahani, M. (2010). Serum vitamin D concentration in pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infected patients. J. Diabetes Metab Disord, 9:19.
  • Khan, H. M. W., Parikh, N., Megala, S. M., Predeteanu, G. S. (2020). Unusual early recovery of a critical COVID-19 patient after administration of intravenous vitamin C. Am J Case Rep, 21: e925521-1. doi:10.12659/AJCR.925521.
  • Kieliszek, M., Lipinski, B. (2020). Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses, 143:109878. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878.
  • Kumar, R., Haq, A., Wimalawansa, S. J., Sharma, A. (2020). Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19. Virus Res, 292:198235. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198235.
  • Lange, K. W., Nakamura, Y. (2020). Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19. Glob J Health Sci, 4(4):146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.002.
  • Lei, S., Jiang, F., Su, W., Chen, C., Chen, J., Mei, W., Zhan, L.Y., Jia, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, D., Xia., Z.Y., Xia, Z. (2020). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. EClinicalMedicine, 21:100331. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100331.
  • Liu, J., Liao, X., Qian, S., Yuan, J., Wang, F., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, F.S., Liu, L., Zhang, Z. (2020). Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China. Emerg Infect Dis, 26(6):1320. doi: 10.3201/eid2606.200239.
  • Lordan, R., Rando, H. M., Greene, C. S. (2021). Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals under investigation for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Msystems, 6(3): e00122-21. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00122-21.
  • Louca, P., Murray, B., Klaser, K., Graham, M. S., Mazidi, M., Leeming, E. R., Menni, C. (2020). Dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 1.4 M users of the COVID Symptom Study app-a longitudinal app-based community survey. medRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.27.20239087.
  • Maares, M., Haase, H. (2016). Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation. Arch Biochem Biophys, 611: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.022.
  • Mah, E., Kaden, V. N., Kelley, K. M., Liska, D. J. (2020). Beverage containing dispersible yeast β-glucan decreases cold/flu symptomatic days after intense exercise: A randomized controlled trial. J Diet Suppl, 17(2): 200-210. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1495676.
  • Mak, J. W., Chan, F. K., Ng, S. C. (2020). Probiotics and COVID-19: one size does not fit all. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5(7): 644-645. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30122-9.
  • McCarty M.F., DiNicolantonio J.J. (2020). Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 63:383–385. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.007.
  • Manoharan, Y., Haridas, V., Vasanthakumar, K. C., Muthu, S., Thavoorullah, F. F., Shetty, P. (2020). Curcumin: A wonder drug as a preventive measure for COVID19 management. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 35(3):373-375. doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00902-9.
  • McKee, D. L., Sternberg, A., Stange, U., Laufer, S., Naujokat, C. (2020). Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Pharmacol Res, 157:104859. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104859.
  • Messina, G., Polito, R., Monda, V., Cipolloni, L., Di Nunno, N., Di Mizio, G., Murabito, P., Carotenuta, M., Messina, A., Pisanelli, D., Valenzano, A., Cibelli, G., Scarinci, A., Monda, M., Sessa, F. (2020). Functional role of dietary intervention to improve the outcome of COVID-19: A hypothesis of work. Int J Mol Sci, 21(9): 3104. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093104.
  • Mossink, J. P. (2020). Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID–19 disease. BMJ Nutr Prev Health, 3(1):111. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000095.
  • Mrityunjaya, M., Pavithra, V., Neelam, R., Janhavi, P., Halami, P. M., Ravindra, P. V. (2020). Immune-boosting, antioxidant and antiinflammatory food supplements targeting pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front. Immunol, 11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570122.
  • Noomhorm, A., Ahmad, I., Anal, A. K. (ed.). (2014). Functional foods and dietary supplements: processing effects and health benefits. John Wiley & Sons. Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 527 p.
  • Polansky, H., Lori, G. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55(6):105971. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105971.
  • Prasad, A. S. (2008). Zinc in human health: Effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med, 14(5):353-357. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093104.
  • Pereira, M., Dantas Damascena, A., Galvão Azevedo, L. M., de Almeida Oliveira, T., da Mota Santana, J. (2020). Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 1-9. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090.
  • Rhodes, J. M., Subramanian, S., Laird, E., Griffin, G., Kenny, R. A. (2021). Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity–plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis. J Intern Med, 289(1): 97-115. doi: 10.1111/joim.13149.
  • Rodríguez-Pérez, C., Molina-Montes, E., Verardo, V., Artacho, R., García-Villanova, B., Guerra-Hernández, E. J., Ruíz-López, M. D. (2020). Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients, 12(6):1730. doi: 10.3390/nu12061730.
  • Rogero, M. M., Leão, M. D. C., Santana, T. M., de MB Pimentel, M. V., Carlini, G. C., da Silveira, T. F., Gonçalves, R.C., Castro, I. A. (2020). Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med, 156:190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.005.
  • Roy, A., Sarkar, B., Celik, C., Ghosh, A., Basu, U., Jana, M., Jana, A., Gencay, A., Can-Sezgin, G., Ildiz, N., Dam, P., Mandal, A.K., Ocsoy, I. (2020). Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunity‐boosting nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID‐19? Phytother Res, doi: 10.1002/ptr.6766.
  • Sabater, J., Masclans, J. R., Sacanell, J., Chacon, P., Sabin, P., Planas, M. (2011). Effects of an omega-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion on eicosanoid synthesis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Nutr.& Metab, 8(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-22.
  • Sahebnasagh, A., Saghafi, F., Avan, R., Khoshi, A., Khataminia, M., Safdari, M., Nabavi, S. M. (2020). The prophylaxis and treatment potential of supplements for COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol, 887: 173530. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173530.
  • Savarese, M., Castellini, G., Morelli, L., Graffigna, G. (2021). COVID-19 disease and nutritional choices: How will the pandemic reconfigure our food psychology and habits? A case study of the Italian population. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis, 31(2):399-402. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.013.
  • Sekhri, K., Kaur, K. (2014). Public knowledge, use and attitude toward multivitamin supplementation: A cross-sectional study among general public. Int J Appl Basic Med Res, 4(2): 77. doi: 10.4103/2229-516X.136780.
  • Singh, P., Tripathi, M. K., Yasir, M., Khare, R., Tripathi, M. K., Shrivastava, R. (2020). Potential Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and Functional Food Components as Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19: A Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 75:458–4. doi: 10.1007/s11130-020-00861-9.
  • Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Al Dhaheri, A. S., Ali, H. I., Platat, C., Ismail, L. C., Apostolopoulos, Stojanovska, L. (2020). Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19?. Maturitas, 143:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003.
  • Skalny, A. V., Rink, L., Ajsuvakova, O. P., Aschner, M., Gritsenko, V. A., Alekseenko, S. I., Svistunov, A.A., Petrakis, D., Spandidos, D.A., Aaseth, J., Tsatsakis, A., Tinkov, A. A. (2020). Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID 19. Int J Mol Med, 46(1):17-26. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
  • Suravajhala, R., Parashar, A., Malik, B., Nagaraj, V. A., Padmanaban, G., Kavi Kishor, P. B., Suravajhala, P. (2020). Comparative docking studies on curcumin with COVID-19 proteins. doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0439.v3.
  • Te Velthuis, A. J., van den Worm, S. H., Sims, A. C., Baric, R. S., Snijder, E. J., van Hemert, M. J. (2010). Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog, 6(11): e1001176. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176.
  • Valencia, D. N. (2020). Brief review on COVID-19: The 2020 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Cureus, 12(3): e7386. doi:10.7759/cureus.7386.
  • Velioğlu-Er, E. (2019). Gıda takviyelerinin kullanımının belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma: Trakya örneği. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trakya, Türkiye, 97s.
  • Veysioğlu, N., Mendeş, B. (2020). Koronavirüs hastalığı olan bireylerin beslenmesinde mikro besin öğesi takviyeleri. 1th Science and Innovation Congress, Ankara, Türkiye, 20 - 21 Aralık 2020.
  • Vivier, E., Raulet, D. H., Moretta, A., Caligiuri, M. A., Zitvogel, L., Lanier, L. L., Yokoyama, W.M., Ugolini, S. (2011). Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells. Science, 331(6013): 44-49. doi: 10.1126/science.1198687.
  • Von-Bülow V., Dubben S., Engelhardt G., Hebel S., Plümäkers B., Heine H., Rink L., Haase H. (2007). Zinc-dependent suppression of TNF-a production is mediated by protein kinase A induced inhibition of Raf-1, IκB kinase b, and NF-κB. J Immunol 179:4180–4186. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4180.
  • Wang, L. S., Wang, Y. R., Ye, D. W., Liu, Q. Q. (2020). A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55:105948. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10.
  • Weill, P., Plissonneau, C., Legrand, P., Rioux, V., Thibault, R. (2020). May omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation help reduce severe complications in Covid-19 atients?. Biochimie, 179:275-280. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.003.
  • WHO (2021). Coronavirus. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 (Erişim Tarihi: Ağustos, 2021) Yasar, R. K., Aytekin, Ö. Ü. (2021). COVID-19 ve Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkiye Güncel Bir Bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19(1):108-115. doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.927735.
  • Zhang, J., Taylor, E. W., Bennett, K., Saad, R., Rayman, M. P. (2020). Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 111(6):1297-1299. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa095.
  • Zhang, H., Kang, Z., Gong, H., Xu, D., Wang, J., Li, Z., Cui, X., Xiao, Meng, T., Zhou, W., Liu, J., Xu, H. (2020). The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. BioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
  • Zhang L., Liu Y. (2020). Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol, 92:479–490. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25707.
  • Zhou, Y. F., Luo, B. A., Qin, L. L. (2019). The association between vitamin D deficiency and community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine, 98(38):e17252, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017252.
  • Zhou, Z., Zhao, N., Shu, Y., Han, S., Chen, B., Shu, X. (2020). Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology, 158(8): 2294. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.020.
There are 91 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özlem Çağındı 0000-0002-6436-9208

Nazlı Yeyinli 0000-0002-5139-4105

Ceren İnce 0000-0001-9931-2327

Mustafa Dedeoğlu 0000-0001-7866-5350

Ergun Köse This is me 0000-0002-1893-1984

Publication Date February 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çağındı, Ö., Yeyinli, N., İnce, C., Dedeoğlu, M., et al. (2022). COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Gıda, 47(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21146
AMA Çağındı Ö, Yeyinli N, İnce C, Dedeoğlu M, Köse E. COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. The Journal of Food. February 2022;47(2):183-198. doi:10.15237/gida.GD21146
Chicago Çağındı, Özlem, Nazlı Yeyinli, Ceren İnce, Mustafa Dedeoğlu, and Ergun Köse. “COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Gıda 47, no. 2 (February 2022): 183-98. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21146.
EndNote Çağındı Ö, Yeyinli N, İnce C, Dedeoğlu M, Köse E (February 1, 2022) COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Gıda 47 2 183–198.
IEEE Ö. Çağındı, N. Yeyinli, C. İnce, M. Dedeoğlu, and E. Köse, “COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”, The Journal of Food, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 183–198, 2022, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD21146.
ISNAD Çağındı, Özlem et al. “COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Gıda 47/2 (February 2022), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21146.
JAMA Çağındı Ö, Yeyinli N, İnce C, Dedeoğlu M, Köse E. COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. The Journal of Food. 2022;47:183–198.
MLA Çağındı, Özlem et al. “COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Gıda, vol. 47, no. 2, 2022, pp. 183-98, doi:10.15237/gida.GD21146.
Vancouver Çağındı Ö, Yeyinli N, İnce C, Dedeoğlu M, Köse E. COVID-19 HASTALIĞINI ÖNLEMEDE KULLANILAN TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDALAR VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. The Journal of Food. 2022;47(2):183-98.

by-nc.png

GIDA Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. 

GIDA / The Journal of FOOD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/