Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

LEİBNİZ’DE İLAHİ NEDENSELLİK

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 653 - 674, 12.05.2021

Abstract

Bu makale, Leibniz’in ilahi nedensellik görüşü hakkındadır. Leibniz, âlemdeki eylemliliğe kimin veya neyin sebep olduğunu ve Tanrı’nın âlemde ne tür bir şekilde eylemde bulunduğunu açıklarken Tanrı’nın ‘ikincil sebeplerle birlikte etkide bulunduğunu’ kabul eder. Bu görüş, ‘okasyonalizm’e ve ‘muhafaza görüşü’ne karşı hem yaratılmış tözlerin kendilerinde eylemlerinin gerçek sebeplerine sahip olduğunu hem de Tanrı’nın yaratılmış tözlerin eylemlerine nedensel anlamda etki ettiğini iddia eder. Çalışmada, Leibniz’in bu görüşü iki bölümde ele alınmıştır: Birinci bölümde Leibniz’in monadlar teorisiyle yaratılmış tözlere sebepliliği nasıl atfettiği ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci bölümde Tanrı’nın evrenle ne tür bir nedensel ilişki içerisinde olduğu incelenmiştir. Bu konuda Leibniz’in okasyonalizm eleştirileri de dikkate alınarak, Tanrı’nın yoktan yaratması, sürekli yaratması ve ikincil sebeplerin her eyleminde etkide bulunmasına dair görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonunda, bütün zorluklarına rağmen, Leibniz’in hayatı boyunca en temel metinlerinde bu konuyu açıklamaya ve felsefi bir zemine oturtmaya çalıştığı görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

yok

References

  • Antognazza, Maria Rosa, Leibniz, çev. Orhan Düz, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2.bsk., 2020.
  • Cox, Donavon, “Leibniz on Divine Causation: Creation, Miracles, and the Continual Fulgurations”, Studia Leibnitiana, 34/2, 2002, s. 185-207.
  • Freddoso, Alfred J., “God’s General Concurrence with Secondary Causes: Why Conservation is not Enough”, Philosophical Perspectives, 5, 1991, s. 553-585.
  • Jolley, Nicholas, “Causality and Creation in Leibniz”, The Monist, 81/4, 1998, s 591-611.
  • Jolley, Nicholas, Leibniz, çev. Deniz Soysal, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul, 2021.
  • Jorati, Julia, “Leibniz on Causation –Part 1”, Philosophy Compass, 10/6, 2015, s. 389-397.
  • Jorati, Julia, “Leibniz on Causation –Part 2”, Philosophy Compass, 10/6, 2015, s. 398-405.
  • Lee, Sukjae, “Leibniz on Divine Concurrence”, The Philosophical Review, 113/2, 2004, s. 203-248.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “A New System of the Nature and of the Interaction of Substances, as well as of the Union which exists between the Soul and the Body, 1695”, The Philoposhical Works of Leibnitz içinde, çev. G. Martin Duncan, 2.bsk, The Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor Company, New Haven, 1908, s. 77-86.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “A Vindication of God’s Justice Reconciled with His Other Perfections and All His Actions”, Monadology and Other Philosophical Essays, çev. Paul Schrecker, Anne Martin Schrecker, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merils, 1965, s. 114-147.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “Dialogue on Human Freedom and the Origin of Evil (1695)”, Philosophical Essays içinde, çev. R. Ariew, D. Garber, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis ve Cambridge, Mass., 1989, s. 111-117.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “On Nature Itself, or on the Inherent Force and Actions of Created Things, 1698”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 498-508.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “On the Ultimate Origination of Things”, Leibniz’s Philosophical Writings içinde, çev. M. Morris, J. M.Dent and Sons Ltd, New York 1934, s. 32-41.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “Primary Truths”, Philosophical Essays içinde, çev. R. Ariew, D. Garber, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis ve Cambridge, Mass., 1989, s. 30-34.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “The Confession of Nature Against Atheists”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 109-113.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “The Principles of Nature and of Grace, Based on Reason”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 636-642.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Metafizik Üzerine Konuşma, çev. Atakan Altınörs, Doğu Batı Yayınları, Ankara, 2010.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Monadoloji ve İlgili Yazılar, Mektuplar, çev. Devrim Çetinkasap, Pinhan Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2011.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, New Essays concerning Human Understanding, çev. Alfred Gideon Langley, 2.bsk, The Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago, 1916.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Theodicee: Ya da Tanrı’nın Haklı Kılınması, çev. Levent Özşar, Biblos Kitabevi, Bursa, 2008.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil, çev. E. M. Huggard, 5.bsk, Open Court Publishing Company, İlinois, 1996.
  • McDonough, Jeffrey K., “Leibniz: Creation and Conservation and Concurrence”, The Leibniz Review, 17, 2007, s. 31-60.
  • Muhtaroğlu, Nazif, “What is Wrong with Concurrentism?”, Kaygı, 23, 2014, s. 129-144.
  • Rutherford, Donald P., “Natures, Laws, and Miracles: The Roots of Leibniz’s Critique of Occasionalism” Causation in Early Modern Philosophy: Cartesianism, Occasionalism, and Preestablished Harmony içinde, ed. S. Nadler, The Penn State University Press, USA, 1958, s. 135-158.
  • Bobro, Marc, “Leibniz on Causation”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/Leibniz-causation/ Erişim tarihi 28.06.2020.
  • Jorati, Julia ,“Leibniz on Concurrence, Spontaneity, and Authorship”, The Modern Schoolman, 88, 3-4, 2011, s. 267-297, metnin alındığı yer https://www.academia.edu/2135232/Leibniz_on_Concurrence_Spontaneity_and_Authorship Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2020.
  • Laan, David Vander, “Creation and Conservation”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/creationconservation/#:~:text=In%20the%20philosophy%20of%20religion,the%20world%20and%20conserves%20it. Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2020.
  • Lee, Sukjae, “Occasionalizm”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/occasionalism/, Erişim tarihi 28.06.2020.
  • Malebranche, Nicholas., Dialogues on Metaphysics and Religion, metnin alındığı yer http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/malebranche Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2021.

Leibniz on Divine Causation

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 653 - 674, 12.05.2021

Abstract

This article is about Leibniz's view of divine causation. When Leibniz explains who or what causes agency in the World he acknowledges that God acts with secondary causes. This view argues that created substances have real causes of their actions in their nature, and that God has a causal effect on the actions of created substances, against ‘occasionalism’ and ‘mere conservatism’. In this paper, this view of Leibniz is discussed in two parts: In the first chapter, how Leibniz's theory of monads attributes a causal power to created substances is revealed. In the second part, what kind of causal relationship between God universe is examined. Taking into account Leibniz's criticism of occasionalism, his views on creation ex nihilo, continuous creation and the effect of secondary causes on every action were evaluated. At the end of this paper, despite all the difficulties, it was seen that Leibniz tried to explain this issue in his most basic texts and put it on a philosophical ground.

References

  • Antognazza, Maria Rosa, Leibniz, çev. Orhan Düz, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2.bsk., 2020.
  • Cox, Donavon, “Leibniz on Divine Causation: Creation, Miracles, and the Continual Fulgurations”, Studia Leibnitiana, 34/2, 2002, s. 185-207.
  • Freddoso, Alfred J., “God’s General Concurrence with Secondary Causes: Why Conservation is not Enough”, Philosophical Perspectives, 5, 1991, s. 553-585.
  • Jolley, Nicholas, “Causality and Creation in Leibniz”, The Monist, 81/4, 1998, s 591-611.
  • Jolley, Nicholas, Leibniz, çev. Deniz Soysal, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul, 2021.
  • Jorati, Julia, “Leibniz on Causation –Part 1”, Philosophy Compass, 10/6, 2015, s. 389-397.
  • Jorati, Julia, “Leibniz on Causation –Part 2”, Philosophy Compass, 10/6, 2015, s. 398-405.
  • Lee, Sukjae, “Leibniz on Divine Concurrence”, The Philosophical Review, 113/2, 2004, s. 203-248.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “A New System of the Nature and of the Interaction of Substances, as well as of the Union which exists between the Soul and the Body, 1695”, The Philoposhical Works of Leibnitz içinde, çev. G. Martin Duncan, 2.bsk, The Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor Company, New Haven, 1908, s. 77-86.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “A Vindication of God’s Justice Reconciled with His Other Perfections and All His Actions”, Monadology and Other Philosophical Essays, çev. Paul Schrecker, Anne Martin Schrecker, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merils, 1965, s. 114-147.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “Dialogue on Human Freedom and the Origin of Evil (1695)”, Philosophical Essays içinde, çev. R. Ariew, D. Garber, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis ve Cambridge, Mass., 1989, s. 111-117.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “On Nature Itself, or on the Inherent Force and Actions of Created Things, 1698”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 498-508.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “On the Ultimate Origination of Things”, Leibniz’s Philosophical Writings içinde, çev. M. Morris, J. M.Dent and Sons Ltd, New York 1934, s. 32-41.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “Primary Truths”, Philosophical Essays içinde, çev. R. Ariew, D. Garber, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis ve Cambridge, Mass., 1989, s. 30-34.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “The Confession of Nature Against Atheists”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 109-113.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, “The Principles of Nature and of Grace, Based on Reason”, Philosophical Papers and Letters içinde, çev. Leroy E. Loemker, 2.bsk, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1989, s. 636-642.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Metafizik Üzerine Konuşma, çev. Atakan Altınörs, Doğu Batı Yayınları, Ankara, 2010.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Monadoloji ve İlgili Yazılar, Mektuplar, çev. Devrim Çetinkasap, Pinhan Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2011.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, New Essays concerning Human Understanding, çev. Alfred Gideon Langley, 2.bsk, The Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago, 1916.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Theodicee: Ya da Tanrı’nın Haklı Kılınması, çev. Levent Özşar, Biblos Kitabevi, Bursa, 2008.
  • Leibniz, G. Wilhelm, Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil, çev. E. M. Huggard, 5.bsk, Open Court Publishing Company, İlinois, 1996.
  • McDonough, Jeffrey K., “Leibniz: Creation and Conservation and Concurrence”, The Leibniz Review, 17, 2007, s. 31-60.
  • Muhtaroğlu, Nazif, “What is Wrong with Concurrentism?”, Kaygı, 23, 2014, s. 129-144.
  • Rutherford, Donald P., “Natures, Laws, and Miracles: The Roots of Leibniz’s Critique of Occasionalism” Causation in Early Modern Philosophy: Cartesianism, Occasionalism, and Preestablished Harmony içinde, ed. S. Nadler, The Penn State University Press, USA, 1958, s. 135-158.
  • Bobro, Marc, “Leibniz on Causation”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/Leibniz-causation/ Erişim tarihi 28.06.2020.
  • Jorati, Julia ,“Leibniz on Concurrence, Spontaneity, and Authorship”, The Modern Schoolman, 88, 3-4, 2011, s. 267-297, metnin alındığı yer https://www.academia.edu/2135232/Leibniz_on_Concurrence_Spontaneity_and_Authorship Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2020.
  • Laan, David Vander, “Creation and Conservation”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/creationconservation/#:~:text=In%20the%20philosophy%20of%20religion,the%20world%20and%20conserves%20it. Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2020.
  • Lee, Sukjae, “Occasionalizm”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/occasionalism/, Erişim tarihi 28.06.2020.
  • Malebranche, Nicholas., Dialogues on Metaphysics and Religion, metnin alındığı yer http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/malebranche Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2021.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emine Gören Bayam 0000-0003-2464-1008

Publication Date May 12, 2021
Submission Date February 27, 2021
Acceptance Date May 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 31

Cite

Chicago Gören Bayam, Emine. “LEİBNİZ’DE İLAHİ NEDENSELLİK”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 31 (May 2021): 653-74.

Starting from 2024, our journal will be published in 3 issues as two regular and one special issues. These issues will be published In May (regular issue), September (special issue) and December (regular issue).

Acceptance of articles for our special issue and our regular issue in December will begin on March 15.

Only articles within the scope of the file will be included in our special issue. 

Thank you for your attention.