Research Article
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Investigation of the Effects of Air Conditioner Waste Water on Wheat and Barley

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 467 - 477, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.408094

Abstract

Herein this study, the effects
of the wastewaters that  transmitted to
the ecosystem  from the air conditioner
on the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
plants were investigated. The soil to be planted for study was mixed at
different concentrations (1/5, 2/5, 3/5) of the air conditioner wastewater
except for the control group. On 650 g of soil 5 g of barley and 7 g of wheat
seed were planted and covered with 100 g of soil. Wheat was irrigated at
regular intervals in accordance with field capacity. The wheat was harvested
after 15 days and the barley was harvested after 11 days. After weighing the
harvested samples electrolyte leakage, MDA, CAT, SOD activities were determined
by extraction. Along with that wheat and barley specimens were analyzed for
metal concentrations in ICP-OES after pre-treatment. The relationship between
control samples and samples grown at different concentrations of A/C wastewater
was evaluated statistically and significant differences were determined. 

References

  • Abegunrin, T.P., Awe, G.O., Idowua, D.O., Adejumobi, M.A. 2016. Impact Of Wastewater İrrigation On Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Growth And Water Use Pattern of Two İndigenous Vegetables İn Southwest Nigeria. Catena, 139, 167–178.
  • Agarval, S. and Pandey V. 2004. Antioxidant Enzyme Responses To Nacl Stress in Cassia Angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum, 48(4): 555-560.
  • Ananieva, E.A., Alexieva, V.S., Popova, L.P. 2002. Treatment With Salicylic Acid Decreases The Effects of Paraquat on Photosynthesis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159, 685-693.
  • Albayrak, T., Mor, F., 2011. Comparative Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Housesparrow (Passer Domesticus Aves) in Polluted And Reference Sites in Turkey. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 87, 457–462.
  • Al-Othman, Z.A. Ali, R., Al-Othman, A.M., Ali, J.,. Habila, M.A. 2016. Assessment of Toxic Metals in Wheat Crops Grown On Selected Soils, İrrigated By Different Water Sources. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, 1555–1562.
  • Balkhair, K.S., Ashraf, M.A. 2016. Field Accumulation Risks of Heavy Metals in Soil And Vegetable Crop İrrigated With Sewage Water in Western Region Of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23, 32–44.
  • Chaoua, S., Boussaa, S., Gharmali, A.E., Boumezzough, A. 2018. Impact of İrrigation With Wastewater on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Crops in The Region of Marrakech in Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.02.003.
  • Chen, F., Ying, G.G., Kong, L.X., Wang, L., Zhao, J.L., Zhou, L.J., Zhang, L.J. 2011. Distribution and Accumulation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater İrrigated Soils in Hebei, China. Environmental Pollution, 159, 1490-1498.
  • Duenas, A.H., Pineda, J., Antonio, M.T., Aguirre, J.I. 2014. Oxidative Stress of House Sparrow As Bioindicator of Urban Pollution. Ecological Indicators, 42, 6–9.
  • Elveren, M., Osma, E., Karakoyun, G. 2015. Erzincan’nın Farklı Bölgelerindeki Sarıçamların (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Hamata Steven) Ağaç Bileşenleri ve Yetiştikleri Topraklarda Mineral Elementlerin Birikimi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 119-126.
  • Garg, V.K., Kaushik, P. 2005. Influence of Textile Mill Waste Water İrrigation on Growth of Sorghum Cultivars. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 6, 1-12.
  • Graudenz, G.S., Oliveira, C.H., Tribess, A., et.al. 2005. Association of Air-Conditioning With Respiratory Symptoms in Office Workers in Tropical Climate. Indoor Air, 15, 62–66.
  • Griffith, M., Ala P., Yang D.S.C., Hon W.C., Moffatt B.A. 1992. Antifreeze Protein Produced Endogenously in Winter Rye Leaves. Plant Physiology, 100, 593–596.
  • Havir, E.A., Mchale, N.A. 1987. Biochemical and developmental characterization of mutiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 84, 1291-1294.
  • Isaksson, C. 2010. Pollution and İts İmpact on Wild Animals: A Meta-Analysis Onoxidative Stres. EcoHealth, 7, 342–350.
  • Khalid, A., Saba, B., Kanwal, H., Nazir, A., Arshad, M. 2013. Responses of Pea and Wheat to Textile Wastewater Reclaimed by Suspended Sequencing Batch Bioreactors. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85, 550-555.
  • Khan, M.U., Malik, R.N., Muhammad, S. 2013. Human Health Risk From Heavy Metal Via Food Crops Consumption With Wastewater İrrigation Practices İn Pakistan. Chemosphere, 93, 2230–2238.
  • Koivula, M.J., Eeva, T. 2010. Metal-Related Oxidative Stress in Birds. Environmental Pollution, 158, 2359–2370.
  • Ma, S.C., Zhang, H.B., Mab, S.T., Wang, R., Wang, G.X., Shao, Y., XiLi, C. 2015. Effects of Mine Wastewater İrrigation on Activities of Soil Enzymes and Physiological Properties, Heavy Metal Uptake And Grain Yield in Winter Wheat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113, 483–490.
  • Meng, W., Wang, Z., Hu, B., Wang, Z., Lic, H., Goodman, R.C. 2016. Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants After Long-Term Sewage İrrigation at Tianjin China: A Case Study Assessment. Agricultural Water Management, 171, 153–161.
  • Osma E., İlhan V., Yalçın İ.E. 2014. Heavy metals accumulation causes toxicological effects in aquatic Typha domingensis Pers. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37(4),461-467.
  • Osma, E., Elveren, M., Türkoğlu, E., Yavuzer, H., Çığır, Y. 2017. Tıbbi İlaçlar ve Kişisel Bakım Ürünlerinin (PPCPs) Triticum aestivum L. Üzerinde Antioksidan Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 535-541.
  • Osma E., Cigir Y., Karnjanapiboonwong A., Anderson T.A. 2018. Evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals on plant stress markers in wheat. International Journal of Environmental Research, 12(2), 179-188.
  • Özçimen, D., Terzioğlu, P., Yücel, S. 2012. Human Health Effects of Air Conditioners. Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sigma 30, 56-65.
  • Pan, M., Chu, L.M. 2017. Transfer of Antibiotics From Wastewater or Animal Manure to Soil and Edible Crops. Environmental Pollution, 231, 829-836.
  • Qureshi, A.S., Hussain, M.I., Shoaib, İ.,Khan, Q.M. 2016. Evaluating Heavy Metal Accumulation and Potential Health Risks in Vegetables İrrigated With Treated Wastewater. Chemosphere, 163, 54-61.
  • Raja, S., Masoom, H., Cheema, N., Babarb, S., Khana, A.A, Murtazac, G., Aslama, U. 2015. Socio-Economic Background of Wastewater İrrigation and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Crops and Vegetables. Agricultural Water Management, 158, 26–34.
  • Righi, E., Aggazzotti, G., Fantuzzi, G., vd. 2002. Air Quality and Well-Being Perception in Subjects Attending University Libraries in Modena (Italy). The Science of the Total Environment, 286, 41-50.
  • Singh, A., Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F.M. 2010. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity Through Contaminated Vegetables From Waste Water İrrigated Area of Varanasi, India. International Society Tropical Ecology, 51, 375–387.
  • Söğüt, M.Z., Karakoç, H. 2013. Klimalarda Enerji Verimliliği Sınıflandırılmasında Farklı Bir Yaklaşım: Ekserjetik Verimlilik Oranı ve Çevresel Etki Oranı. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 859-871.
  • Stagoll, K., Manning, A.D., Knight, E., Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D.B. 2010. Using Bird–Habitat Relationships to İnform Urban Planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 98,13–25.
  • Tıraş, H.H. 2012. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Çevre: Teorik Bir İnceleme. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 2, 57-73.
  • Tran, T.K., Chiu, K.F., Lin, C.Y., Leu, H.J. 2017. Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater: Selectivity of The Heavy Metals Removal Process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, 27741-27748.
  • Yan, C.X., Yang, Y., Zhou, J.L., Liu, M., Nie, M.H., Shi, H., Gu, L.J. 2013. Antibiotics in The Surface Water of The Yangtze Estuary: Occurrence, Distribution And Risk Assessment. Environmental Pollution., 175, 22-29.
  • Weihong, X.U., Wenyi, L.I., Jianping, H.E., Singh, B., Zhiting, X. 2009. Effects of İnsoluble Zn, Cd, And EDTA on The Growth, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes And Uptake of Zn And Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21, 186–192.

Klima Atık Sularının, Buğday ve Arpa Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 467 - 477, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.408094

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile günümüzde her
geçen gün kullanımı artan klimalardan, ekosisteme bulaşabilecek atık suların
arpa (
Hordeum vulgare L.) ve buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) bitkileri
üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma için ekim yapılacak toprağa, kontrol
grubunun haricinde sulamada kullanılan suya farklı konsantrasyonlarda (1/5,
2/5, 3/5) klima atık suları karıştırılmıştır. 650 g toprağın üzerine 5 g arpa
ve 7 g buğday tohumu ekilmiş, bunun üzeri ise 100 g toprak ile örtülmüştür.
Tarla kapasitesine uygun olarak buğdaylar belirli aralıklarla sulanmıştır.
Buğdaylar, 15 gün, arpalar ise 11 günün sonunda hasat edilmiştir. Hasat edilen
örneklerin ağırlıkları ölçüldükten sonra, ekstraksiyon işlemi uygulanarak
örneklerde elektrolit sızıntı, MDA, CAT, SOD aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir.
Bununla birlikte buğday ve arpa örnekleri, ön işlemlerden geçirildikten sonra
metal konsantrasyonları ICP-OES cihazında analiz edilmiştir. Kontrol örnekleri
ile klima atık sularının farklı konsantrasyonlarında yetiştirilen örnekler
arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş, anlamlı farklılıklar
tespit edilmiştir.
 

References

  • Abegunrin, T.P., Awe, G.O., Idowua, D.O., Adejumobi, M.A. 2016. Impact Of Wastewater İrrigation On Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Growth And Water Use Pattern of Two İndigenous Vegetables İn Southwest Nigeria. Catena, 139, 167–178.
  • Agarval, S. and Pandey V. 2004. Antioxidant Enzyme Responses To Nacl Stress in Cassia Angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum, 48(4): 555-560.
  • Ananieva, E.A., Alexieva, V.S., Popova, L.P. 2002. Treatment With Salicylic Acid Decreases The Effects of Paraquat on Photosynthesis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159, 685-693.
  • Albayrak, T., Mor, F., 2011. Comparative Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Housesparrow (Passer Domesticus Aves) in Polluted And Reference Sites in Turkey. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 87, 457–462.
  • Al-Othman, Z.A. Ali, R., Al-Othman, A.M., Ali, J.,. Habila, M.A. 2016. Assessment of Toxic Metals in Wheat Crops Grown On Selected Soils, İrrigated By Different Water Sources. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, 1555–1562.
  • Balkhair, K.S., Ashraf, M.A. 2016. Field Accumulation Risks of Heavy Metals in Soil And Vegetable Crop İrrigated With Sewage Water in Western Region Of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23, 32–44.
  • Chaoua, S., Boussaa, S., Gharmali, A.E., Boumezzough, A. 2018. Impact of İrrigation With Wastewater on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Crops in The Region of Marrakech in Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.02.003.
  • Chen, F., Ying, G.G., Kong, L.X., Wang, L., Zhao, J.L., Zhou, L.J., Zhang, L.J. 2011. Distribution and Accumulation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater İrrigated Soils in Hebei, China. Environmental Pollution, 159, 1490-1498.
  • Duenas, A.H., Pineda, J., Antonio, M.T., Aguirre, J.I. 2014. Oxidative Stress of House Sparrow As Bioindicator of Urban Pollution. Ecological Indicators, 42, 6–9.
  • Elveren, M., Osma, E., Karakoyun, G. 2015. Erzincan’nın Farklı Bölgelerindeki Sarıçamların (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Hamata Steven) Ağaç Bileşenleri ve Yetiştikleri Topraklarda Mineral Elementlerin Birikimi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 119-126.
  • Garg, V.K., Kaushik, P. 2005. Influence of Textile Mill Waste Water İrrigation on Growth of Sorghum Cultivars. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 6, 1-12.
  • Graudenz, G.S., Oliveira, C.H., Tribess, A., et.al. 2005. Association of Air-Conditioning With Respiratory Symptoms in Office Workers in Tropical Climate. Indoor Air, 15, 62–66.
  • Griffith, M., Ala P., Yang D.S.C., Hon W.C., Moffatt B.A. 1992. Antifreeze Protein Produced Endogenously in Winter Rye Leaves. Plant Physiology, 100, 593–596.
  • Havir, E.A., Mchale, N.A. 1987. Biochemical and developmental characterization of mutiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 84, 1291-1294.
  • Isaksson, C. 2010. Pollution and İts İmpact on Wild Animals: A Meta-Analysis Onoxidative Stres. EcoHealth, 7, 342–350.
  • Khalid, A., Saba, B., Kanwal, H., Nazir, A., Arshad, M. 2013. Responses of Pea and Wheat to Textile Wastewater Reclaimed by Suspended Sequencing Batch Bioreactors. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 85, 550-555.
  • Khan, M.U., Malik, R.N., Muhammad, S. 2013. Human Health Risk From Heavy Metal Via Food Crops Consumption With Wastewater İrrigation Practices İn Pakistan. Chemosphere, 93, 2230–2238.
  • Koivula, M.J., Eeva, T. 2010. Metal-Related Oxidative Stress in Birds. Environmental Pollution, 158, 2359–2370.
  • Ma, S.C., Zhang, H.B., Mab, S.T., Wang, R., Wang, G.X., Shao, Y., XiLi, C. 2015. Effects of Mine Wastewater İrrigation on Activities of Soil Enzymes and Physiological Properties, Heavy Metal Uptake And Grain Yield in Winter Wheat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 113, 483–490.
  • Meng, W., Wang, Z., Hu, B., Wang, Z., Lic, H., Goodman, R.C. 2016. Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants After Long-Term Sewage İrrigation at Tianjin China: A Case Study Assessment. Agricultural Water Management, 171, 153–161.
  • Osma E., İlhan V., Yalçın İ.E. 2014. Heavy metals accumulation causes toxicological effects in aquatic Typha domingensis Pers. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37(4),461-467.
  • Osma, E., Elveren, M., Türkoğlu, E., Yavuzer, H., Çığır, Y. 2017. Tıbbi İlaçlar ve Kişisel Bakım Ürünlerinin (PPCPs) Triticum aestivum L. Üzerinde Antioksidan Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 535-541.
  • Osma E., Cigir Y., Karnjanapiboonwong A., Anderson T.A. 2018. Evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals on plant stress markers in wheat. International Journal of Environmental Research, 12(2), 179-188.
  • Özçimen, D., Terzioğlu, P., Yücel, S. 2012. Human Health Effects of Air Conditioners. Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sigma 30, 56-65.
  • Pan, M., Chu, L.M. 2017. Transfer of Antibiotics From Wastewater or Animal Manure to Soil and Edible Crops. Environmental Pollution, 231, 829-836.
  • Qureshi, A.S., Hussain, M.I., Shoaib, İ.,Khan, Q.M. 2016. Evaluating Heavy Metal Accumulation and Potential Health Risks in Vegetables İrrigated With Treated Wastewater. Chemosphere, 163, 54-61.
  • Raja, S., Masoom, H., Cheema, N., Babarb, S., Khana, A.A, Murtazac, G., Aslama, U. 2015. Socio-Economic Background of Wastewater İrrigation and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Crops and Vegetables. Agricultural Water Management, 158, 26–34.
  • Righi, E., Aggazzotti, G., Fantuzzi, G., vd. 2002. Air Quality and Well-Being Perception in Subjects Attending University Libraries in Modena (Italy). The Science of the Total Environment, 286, 41-50.
  • Singh, A., Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F.M. 2010. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity Through Contaminated Vegetables From Waste Water İrrigated Area of Varanasi, India. International Society Tropical Ecology, 51, 375–387.
  • Söğüt, M.Z., Karakoç, H. 2013. Klimalarda Enerji Verimliliği Sınıflandırılmasında Farklı Bir Yaklaşım: Ekserjetik Verimlilik Oranı ve Çevresel Etki Oranı. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 859-871.
  • Stagoll, K., Manning, A.D., Knight, E., Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D.B. 2010. Using Bird–Habitat Relationships to İnform Urban Planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 98,13–25.
  • Tıraş, H.H. 2012. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Çevre: Teorik Bir İnceleme. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 2, 57-73.
  • Tran, T.K., Chiu, K.F., Lin, C.Y., Leu, H.J. 2017. Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater: Selectivity of The Heavy Metals Removal Process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, 27741-27748.
  • Yan, C.X., Yang, Y., Zhou, J.L., Liu, M., Nie, M.H., Shi, H., Gu, L.J. 2013. Antibiotics in The Surface Water of The Yangtze Estuary: Occurrence, Distribution And Risk Assessment. Environmental Pollution., 175, 22-29.
  • Weihong, X.U., Wenyi, L.I., Jianping, H.E., Singh, B., Zhiting, X. 2009. Effects of İnsoluble Zn, Cd, And EDTA on The Growth, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes And Uptake of Zn And Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21, 186–192.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Müjgan Elveren

Tuğçe Varol This is me

Etem Osma

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Elveren, M., Varol, T., & Osma, E. (2018). Klima Atık Sularının, Buğday ve Arpa Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 11(3), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.408094