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Microplastics: Effects on Health and Occurence in Foods

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 530 - 538, 31.12.2020

Selen Akçay Fatih Törnük Hasan Yetim

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.725259
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Plastic materials are found in almost every place of the daily life. Plastics, which have become an indispensable item of the human life due to their widespread use, are considered as one of the biggest pollutants of today. It is known that plastic use, which increases day by day, creates a serious pollution problem especially in the oceans and seas. The two most important factors which causes plastic pollution are the industrial activities and anthropogenic effects. Although tons of waste plastic released to the environment are physically crashed by the effect of environmental conditions, they can still remain without degraded in the nature for decades even hundreds of years. These micronic and submicronic particles formed by the decomposition of the plastics are called microplastics. In addition to being a current subject, microplastics have gained great attention or importance in recent years in terms of creating environmental pollution. Microplastics have become a serious threat to both aquatic life and human health. The transition of microplastics to the human body takes place through skin contact, inhalation and oral route. The risks and health effects of the microplastics when taken into the human body by different routes has not been well-clarified yet. It is likely that multiple microplastic uptake into the body would take place as a result of consumption of the contaminated water sources and the foods. Numerous studies have been conducted on the determination of the presence of microplastics in water resources and the aquatic life. However, a limited number of studies on foodstuffs have shown that our foods may also contain microplastics. Microplastic formation in foodstuffs may be resulted from the raw materials, food production or processing steps and the plastics used in packaging or air. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of microplastics on the environmental pollution and human health, and their presence in the food chain were scrutinized.

Keywords

Microplastic Ecosystem Health Food chain

References

  • Akbay, İ. K., & Özdemir, T. (2016). Monomer migration and degradation of polycarbonate via UV-C irradiation within aquatic and atmospheric environments. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 53(6), 340-345.
  • Alimba, C. G., & Faggio, C. (2019). Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 68, 61-74.
  • Andrady, A. L. (2017). The plastic in microplastics: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1), 12-22.
  • Aslan, R. (2018). MİKROPLASTİKLER: HAYATI KUŞATAN YENİ TEHLİKE. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 6(66).
  • Aydın, S., Muhammed, Ulvi, M., Aydın, M. E., Ulvi, A. (2019). Mikroplastikler ve Çevresel Etkileri. 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 14-17 Şubat 2019, Yalova, 17-26.
  • Baalkhuyur, F. M., Dohaish, E. J. A. B., Elhalwagy, M. E., Alikunhi, N. M., AlSuwailem, A. M., Rostad, A., Coker, D. J., Berumen, M. L., & Duarte, C. M. (2018). Microplastic in the gastrointestinal tract of fishes along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, 407-415.
  • Barnes, D. K., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C., & Barlaz, M. (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 1985-1998.
  • Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., & Martínez-Gómez, C. (2016). Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(1), 55-60.
  • Botterell, Z. L., Beaumont, N., Dorrington, T., Steinke, M., Thompson, R. C., & Lindeque, P. K. (2019). Bioavailability and effects of microplastics on marine zooplankton: A review. Environmental Pollution, 245, 98-110.
  • Carbery, M., O'Connor, W., & Palanisami, T. (2018). Trophic transfer of microplastics and mixed contaminants in the marine food web and implications for human health. Environment International, 115, 400-409.
  • Enrique De-la-Torre, G. (2019). Microplastics: an emerging threat to food security and human health. Journal of Food Scıence and Technology-Mysore. 1-8.
  • EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2016). Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. Efsa Journal, 14(6), e04501.
  • Esmeray, E., Armutcu, C. Mikroplastikler, Çevre Ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 839-868.
  • Fonseca, M. M. A., Gamarro, E. G., Toppe, J., Bahri, T., & Barg, U. (2017). The Impact of Microplastics on Food Safety: the Case of Fishery and Aquaculture Products. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, (57), 43-45.
  • Gesamp. (2016). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment. IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection, 220.
  • Gündoğdu, S. (2018). Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 35(5), 1006-1014.
  • Hernandez, L. M., Xu, E. G., Larsson, H. C., Tahara, R., Maisuria, V. B., & Tufenkji, N. (2019). Plastic teabags release billions of microparticles and nanoparticles into tea. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(21), 12300-12310.
  • Hesler, M., Aengenheister, L., Ellinger, B., Drexel, R., Straskraba, S., Jost, C., Wagner, S., Meier, F., von Briesen, H., Buchel, C., Wick, P., Buerki-Thurnherr, T., &Kohl., Y. (2019). Multi-endpoint toxicological assessment of polystyrene nano-and microparticles in different biological models in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro, 61, 104610.
  • Iñiguez, M. E., Conesa, J. A., & Fullana, A. (2017). Microplastics in Spanish table salt. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-7.
  • Johnson, N. G., Burnett, L. E., & Burnett, K. G. (2011). Properties of bacteria that trigger hemocytopenia in the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. The Biological Bulletin, 221(2), 164-175.
  • Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Choo, C. K., Larat, V., Karbalaei, S., & Salamatinia, B. (2018). Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 1380-1386.
  • Kutralam-Muniasamy, G., Pérez-Guevara, F., Elizalde-Martínez, I., & Shruti, V. C. (2020). Branded milks–Are they immune from microplastics contamination? Science of The Total Environment, 714, 136823.
  • Kühn, S., van Franeker, J. A., O’donoghue, A. M., Swiers, A., Starkenburg, M., van Werven, B., Foekema, E., Hermsen, E., Egelkraut-Holtus, M., & Lindeboom, H. (2020). Details of plastic ingestion and fibre contamination in North Sea fishes. Environmental Pollution, 257, 113569.
  • Kosuth, M., Mason, S. A., & Wattenberg, E. V. (2018). Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PloS one, 13(4), 1-18.
  • Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., & Shi, H. (2015). Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environmental Pollution, 207, 190-195.
  • Liebezeit, G., & Liebezeit, E. (2013). Non-pollen particulates in honey and sugar. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 30(12), 2136-2140.
  • Liebezeit, G., & Liebezeit, E. (2014). Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 31(9), 1574-1578.
  • Lusher, A., Hollman, P., & Mendoza-Hill, J. (2017). Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, (615).
  • Lwanga, E. H., Vega, J. M., Quej, V. K., de los Angeles Chi, J., del Cid, L. S., Chi, C., Segura, G. E., Gertsen, H., Salanki, T., van der Ploeg, M., Koelmans, A. A., & Geissen, V. (2017). Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-7.
  • Mühlschlegel, P., Hauk, A., Walter, U., & Sieber, R. (2017). Lack of evidence for microplastic contamination in honey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(11), 1982-1989.
  • Peixoto, D., Pinheiro, C., Amorim, J., Oliva-Teles, L., Guilhermino, L., & Vieira, M. N. (2019). Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: A review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 219, 161-168.
  • Rist, S., Almroth, B. C., Hartmann, N. B., & Karlsson, T. M. (2018). A critical perspective on early communications concerning human health aspects of microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 626, 720-726.
  • Rustagi, N., Pradhan, S. K., & Singh, R. (2011). Public health impact of plastics: An overview. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 15(3), 100.
  • Schymanski, D., Goldbeck, C., Humpf, H. U., & Fürst, P. (2018). Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Research, 129, 154-162.
  • Sjollema, S. B., Redondo-Hasselerharm, P., Leslie, H. A., Kraak, M. H., & Vethaak, A. D. (2016). Do plastic particles affect microalgal photosynthesis and growth? Aquatic Toxicology, 170, 259-261.
  • Smith, M., Love, D. C., Rochman, C. M., & Neff, R. A. (2018). Microplastics in seafood and the implications for human health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 5(3), 375-386.
  • Stock, V., Fahrenson, C., Thuenemann, A., Dönmez, M. H., Voss, L., Böhmert, L., Braeuning, A., Lampen, A., & Sieg, H. (2020). Impact of artificial digestion on the sizes and shapes of microplastic particles. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 135, 111010.
  • Toussaint, B., Raffael, B., Angers-Loustau, A., Gilliland, D., Kestens, V., Petrillo, M., Rio-Echevarria, I. M., & Van den Eede, G. (2019). Review of micro-and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(5), 639-673.
  • Tsiropoulos, I., Faaij, A. P., Lundquist, L., Schenker, U., Briois, J. F., & Patel, M. K. (2015). Life cycle impact assessment of bio-based plastics from sugarcane ethanol. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 114-127.
  • Van Cauwenberghe, L., & Janssen, C. R. (2014). Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environmental Pollution, 193, 65-70.
  • Van Raamsdonk, L. W., van der Zande, M., Koelmans, A. A., Hoogenboom, R. L., Peters, R. J., Groot, M. J., Peijnenburg., A. C. M., & Weesepoel, Y. J. (2020). Current Insights into Monitoring, Bioaccumulation, and Potential Health Effects of Microplastics Present in the Food Chain. Foods, 9(1), 72.
  • Waring, R. H., Harris, R. M., & Mitchell, S. C. (2018). Plastic contamination of the food chain: A threat to human health? Maturitas, 115, 64-68.
  • Welle, F., & Franz, R. (2018). Microplastic in bottled natural mineral water–literature review and considerations on exposure and risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 35(12), 2482-2492.
  • Wilcox, C., Van Sebille, E., & Hardesty, B. D. (2015). Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(38), 11899-11904.
  • Yates, J., Deeney, M., White, H., Joy, E., Kalamatianou, S., & Kadiyala, S. (2019). PROTOCOL: Plastics in the food system: Human health, economic and environmental impacts. A scoping review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(1-2).
  • Yildiztekin, K. G., Erkekoğlu, P., & Koçer-Gümüşel, B. (2017). Plastikler Sağlık İçin Bir Tehdit mi? Ftalatlara Genel Bir Bakış. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 42(2), 111.
  • Yurtsever, M. Nano-ve Mikroplastik’lerin İnsan Sağlığı ve Ekosistem Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 17-24.
  • Yurtsever, M. (2015). Mikroplastikler’e Genel Bir Bakış. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 17(50), 68-83. Yurtsever, M. (2018). Microplastic pollution threat in table salt that an abiotic sea product. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(3), 243-249.
  • Zhang, F., Wang, X., Xu, J., Zhu, L., Peng, G., Xu, P., & Li, D. (2019). Food-web transfer of microplastics between wild caught fish and crustaceans in East China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146, 173-182.

Mikroplastikler: Gıdalarda Bulunuşu ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 530 - 538, 31.12.2020

Selen Akçay Fatih Törnük Hasan Yetim

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.725259
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Plastik malzemeler günlük hayatımızın hemen hemen her alanında yer almaktadır. Yaygın kulanımı nedeniyle hayatın vazgeçilmez unsurlarından biri halini alan plastikler, çevre açısından da günümüzün en büyük kirleticilerinden birisi olarak görülmektedir. Her geçen gün daha da artan plastik kullanımının özellikle okyanuslar ve denizlerde çok ciddi bir kirlilik oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Plastik kirliliğini oluşturan en önemli iki unsur, endüstriyel faaliyetler ve antropojenik etkilerdir. Çevreye bırakılan tonlarca plastik atık, çevresel koşulların etkisiyle fiziksel olarak küçük parçalara ayrılsa da yüzyıllarca doğada bozunmadan kalmaktadır. Plastiklerin parçalanmaları ile oluşan mikron ve mikron altı boyuttaki bu parçacıklara, mikroplastik adı verilmektedir. Mikroplastikler güncel bir konu olmasının yanı sıra çevre kirliliği oluşturması ve doğal yaşama etkileri nedeniyle son yıllarda giderek daha da büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. Mikroplastikler artık hem suda yaşayan canlılar ve hem de insan sağlığı için büyük bir tehdit unsuru olmuştur. Mikroplastiklerin insan vücuduna geçişi, cilt teması, solunum ve oral yolla gerçekleşmektedir. Farklı yollarla insan vücuduna giren mikroplastiklerin sağlık üzerine oluşturduğu riskler, hala tam olarak bir netlik kazanamamıştır. Özellikle insanların mikroplastiklerle kontamine olmuş su kaynakları ve gıdaları tüketmeleri sonucu vücuda çoklu mikroplastik alımının gerçekleşmesi muhtemeldir. Su kaynakları ve suda yaşayan canlılarda mikroplastik varlığının belirlenmesi ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Gıda maddelerinde yapılan sınırlı sayıdaki çalışma ise gıdaların da mikroplastikler içerebileceğini göstermiştir. Gıda maddelerinde mikroplastiklerin bulunuşu; hammadde, gıda üretim aşamaları, ambalajlamada kullanılan plastikler veya havadan kaynaklanabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, mikroplastiklerin oluşumu, yiyecek ve içecekler yoluyla insanlara geçişi ve çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Mikroplastikler ekosistem sağlık

References

  • Akbay, İ. K., & Özdemir, T. (2016). Monomer migration and degradation of polycarbonate via UV-C irradiation within aquatic and atmospheric environments. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 53(6), 340-345.
  • Alimba, C. G., & Faggio, C. (2019). Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 68, 61-74.
  • Andrady, A. L. (2017). The plastic in microplastics: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1), 12-22.
  • Aslan, R. (2018). MİKROPLASTİKLER: HAYATI KUŞATAN YENİ TEHLİKE. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 6(66).
  • Aydın, S., Muhammed, Ulvi, M., Aydın, M. E., Ulvi, A. (2019). Mikroplastikler ve Çevresel Etkileri. 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 14-17 Şubat 2019, Yalova, 17-26.
  • Baalkhuyur, F. M., Dohaish, E. J. A. B., Elhalwagy, M. E., Alikunhi, N. M., AlSuwailem, A. M., Rostad, A., Coker, D. J., Berumen, M. L., & Duarte, C. M. (2018). Microplastic in the gastrointestinal tract of fishes along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, 407-415.
  • Barnes, D. K., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C., & Barlaz, M. (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 1985-1998.
  • Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., & Martínez-Gómez, C. (2016). Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(1), 55-60.
  • Botterell, Z. L., Beaumont, N., Dorrington, T., Steinke, M., Thompson, R. C., & Lindeque, P. K. (2019). Bioavailability and effects of microplastics on marine zooplankton: A review. Environmental Pollution, 245, 98-110.
  • Carbery, M., O'Connor, W., & Palanisami, T. (2018). Trophic transfer of microplastics and mixed contaminants in the marine food web and implications for human health. Environment International, 115, 400-409.
  • Enrique De-la-Torre, G. (2019). Microplastics: an emerging threat to food security and human health. Journal of Food Scıence and Technology-Mysore. 1-8.
  • EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2016). Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. Efsa Journal, 14(6), e04501.
  • Esmeray, E., Armutcu, C. Mikroplastikler, Çevre Ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 839-868.
  • Fonseca, M. M. A., Gamarro, E. G., Toppe, J., Bahri, T., & Barg, U. (2017). The Impact of Microplastics on Food Safety: the Case of Fishery and Aquaculture Products. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, (57), 43-45.
  • Gesamp. (2016). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment. IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection, 220.
  • Gündoğdu, S. (2018). Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 35(5), 1006-1014.
  • Hernandez, L. M., Xu, E. G., Larsson, H. C., Tahara, R., Maisuria, V. B., & Tufenkji, N. (2019). Plastic teabags release billions of microparticles and nanoparticles into tea. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(21), 12300-12310.
  • Hesler, M., Aengenheister, L., Ellinger, B., Drexel, R., Straskraba, S., Jost, C., Wagner, S., Meier, F., von Briesen, H., Buchel, C., Wick, P., Buerki-Thurnherr, T., &Kohl., Y. (2019). Multi-endpoint toxicological assessment of polystyrene nano-and microparticles in different biological models in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro, 61, 104610.
  • Iñiguez, M. E., Conesa, J. A., & Fullana, A. (2017). Microplastics in Spanish table salt. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-7.
  • Johnson, N. G., Burnett, L. E., & Burnett, K. G. (2011). Properties of bacteria that trigger hemocytopenia in the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. The Biological Bulletin, 221(2), 164-175.
  • Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Choo, C. K., Larat, V., Karbalaei, S., & Salamatinia, B. (2018). Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 1380-1386.
  • Kutralam-Muniasamy, G., Pérez-Guevara, F., Elizalde-Martínez, I., & Shruti, V. C. (2020). Branded milks–Are they immune from microplastics contamination? Science of The Total Environment, 714, 136823.
  • Kühn, S., van Franeker, J. A., O’donoghue, A. M., Swiers, A., Starkenburg, M., van Werven, B., Foekema, E., Hermsen, E., Egelkraut-Holtus, M., & Lindeboom, H. (2020). Details of plastic ingestion and fibre contamination in North Sea fishes. Environmental Pollution, 257, 113569.
  • Kosuth, M., Mason, S. A., & Wattenberg, E. V. (2018). Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PloS one, 13(4), 1-18.
  • Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., & Shi, H. (2015). Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environmental Pollution, 207, 190-195.
  • Liebezeit, G., & Liebezeit, E. (2013). Non-pollen particulates in honey and sugar. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 30(12), 2136-2140.
  • Liebezeit, G., & Liebezeit, E. (2014). Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 31(9), 1574-1578.
  • Lusher, A., Hollman, P., & Mendoza-Hill, J. (2017). Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, (615).
  • Lwanga, E. H., Vega, J. M., Quej, V. K., de los Angeles Chi, J., del Cid, L. S., Chi, C., Segura, G. E., Gertsen, H., Salanki, T., van der Ploeg, M., Koelmans, A. A., & Geissen, V. (2017). Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-7.
  • Mühlschlegel, P., Hauk, A., Walter, U., & Sieber, R. (2017). Lack of evidence for microplastic contamination in honey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(11), 1982-1989.
  • Peixoto, D., Pinheiro, C., Amorim, J., Oliva-Teles, L., Guilhermino, L., & Vieira, M. N. (2019). Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: A review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 219, 161-168.
  • Rist, S., Almroth, B. C., Hartmann, N. B., & Karlsson, T. M. (2018). A critical perspective on early communications concerning human health aspects of microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 626, 720-726.
  • Rustagi, N., Pradhan, S. K., & Singh, R. (2011). Public health impact of plastics: An overview. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 15(3), 100.
  • Schymanski, D., Goldbeck, C., Humpf, H. U., & Fürst, P. (2018). Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Research, 129, 154-162.
  • Sjollema, S. B., Redondo-Hasselerharm, P., Leslie, H. A., Kraak, M. H., & Vethaak, A. D. (2016). Do plastic particles affect microalgal photosynthesis and growth? Aquatic Toxicology, 170, 259-261.
  • Smith, M., Love, D. C., Rochman, C. M., & Neff, R. A. (2018). Microplastics in seafood and the implications for human health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 5(3), 375-386.
  • Stock, V., Fahrenson, C., Thuenemann, A., Dönmez, M. H., Voss, L., Böhmert, L., Braeuning, A., Lampen, A., & Sieg, H. (2020). Impact of artificial digestion on the sizes and shapes of microplastic particles. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 135, 111010.
  • Toussaint, B., Raffael, B., Angers-Loustau, A., Gilliland, D., Kestens, V., Petrillo, M., Rio-Echevarria, I. M., & Van den Eede, G. (2019). Review of micro-and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(5), 639-673.
  • Tsiropoulos, I., Faaij, A. P., Lundquist, L., Schenker, U., Briois, J. F., & Patel, M. K. (2015). Life cycle impact assessment of bio-based plastics from sugarcane ethanol. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 114-127.
  • Van Cauwenberghe, L., & Janssen, C. R. (2014). Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environmental Pollution, 193, 65-70.
  • Van Raamsdonk, L. W., van der Zande, M., Koelmans, A. A., Hoogenboom, R. L., Peters, R. J., Groot, M. J., Peijnenburg., A. C. M., & Weesepoel, Y. J. (2020). Current Insights into Monitoring, Bioaccumulation, and Potential Health Effects of Microplastics Present in the Food Chain. Foods, 9(1), 72.
  • Waring, R. H., Harris, R. M., & Mitchell, S. C. (2018). Plastic contamination of the food chain: A threat to human health? Maturitas, 115, 64-68.
  • Welle, F., & Franz, R. (2018). Microplastic in bottled natural mineral water–literature review and considerations on exposure and risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 35(12), 2482-2492.
  • Wilcox, C., Van Sebille, E., & Hardesty, B. D. (2015). Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(38), 11899-11904.
  • Yates, J., Deeney, M., White, H., Joy, E., Kalamatianou, S., & Kadiyala, S. (2019). PROTOCOL: Plastics in the food system: Human health, economic and environmental impacts. A scoping review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(1-2).
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selen Akçay This is me 0000-0003-3123-3010

Fatih Törnük 0000-0002-7313-0207

Hasan Yetim 0000-0002-5388-5856

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Akçay, S., Törnük, F., & Yetim, H. (2020). Mikroplastikler: Gıdalarda Bulunuşu ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(20), 530-538. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.725259

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