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Piyasada Satılan Ticari Propolis Örneklerinin Biyoaktif Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Issue: 19, 19 - 31, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.734204

Abstract

Tüketicilerin gıda ve içerikleri hakkında daha bilinçli hale gelmesi, sağlık faydası olan fonksiyonel gıdaları tercih etmeleri nedeniyle gıda ürünlerinin biyoaktif bileşenlerinin incelenmesi önemli hale gelmiştir. Yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarla içerdiği biyoaktif maddeler nedeniyle birçok sağlık faydası tespit edilen propolis, tüketiciler tarafından takviye edici gıda olarak tercih edilen ürünler arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Ancak ülkemizde Helal gıda kapsamında alkol kullanılmadan farklı çözgen ekstraksiyonlarıyla üretilmiş propolisin yaygın olması ve bunun yanında alkol ekstraksiyonu ile üretilmiş propolisin bulunması, marketlerde satılan propolisin biyoaktif özelliğinin çeşitlilik göstermesine neden olmaktadır. Bu durum standardizasyonu da engellemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ülkemizde marketlerde satılan ticari propolis örneklerinin biyoaktif bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi ve sonuçların karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda, yerli ve yabancı markalardan toplam 14 farklı ticari propolis örneği temin edilmiştir. Farklı çözücü maddeler (alkol, su, propilen glikol vb.) içeren, damlalıklı şişe ve tek kullanımlık saşe ambalajdaki bu propolis örneklerinde toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı ile fenolik bileşen kompozisyonu analizi yapılmıştır. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı spektrofotometrik yöntemle, fenolik bileşen kompozisyonu ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı ise kromatografik metotla LC-MS-MS cihazında tespit edilmiştir. Toplam 43 farklı fenolik madde taraması yapılmıştır. Ürünlerin etiket üstünde beyan edilen propolis oranları farklı olduğu için toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde miktarları her birinde %50 propolis içermesi durumuna göre hesaplanmış ve karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. En yüksek toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid madde miktarı su bazlı olarak beyan edilen tek kullanımlık saşe üründe tespit edilmiştir. Yine su bazlı olarak beyan edilen tek kullanımlık saşe üründe, analiz edilen 43 farklı fenolik bileşenden, 42 tanesi tespit edilerek fenolik madde çeşitliliği bakımından da en üst sırada yer almıştır. Öte yandan iki farklı su bazlı propolis örneklerinde flavonoid madde tespit edilememiştir. Tespit edilen bu farklılıkların, kullanılan çözücünün yanı sıra bu çözücüye uygun ekstraksiyon metodunun kullanılması ve kullanılan hammaddenin niteliği ile ilgili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle raftaki propolis ürünlerinin tercihi sırasında örneğin içerdiği propolis oranı ve çözücü maddenin yanısıra biyoaktif madde içeriğinin de biliniyor olması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda, tüketicilerin satın alacakları ürünlerin içerdiği biyoaktif madde miktarı bilgisine ulaşabilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

References

  • Ahangari, Z., Naseri, M., & Vatandoost, F. (2018). Propolis: chemical composition and its applications in endodontics. Iranian Endodontic Journal, 13(3), 285-292.
  • Anjum, S.I.., Ullah, A., Khan, K.A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., Bashir, M.A., Tahir, M., Ansari, M.J., Ghramh, H.A., Adgaba, N., & Dash, C.K. (2018). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): a review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(7), 1695-1703.
  • Anonim. http://www.tab.org.tr/propolis Erişim tarihi: 13.04.2020
  • Arulanantham, K, & Genel, M. (1978). Central nervous system toxicity associated with ingestion of propylene glycol. Journal of Pediatrics, 93(3), 515- 516.
  • Aybastıer, Ö. (2020). Farklı formlardaki ginkgo biloba’nın antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 18, 206-212.
  • Bakkaloğlu, Z., & Arıcı, M. (2019). Farklı çözücülerle propolis ekstraksiyonunun toplam fenolik içeriği, antioksidan kapasite ve antimikrobiyal aktivite üzerine etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 17(4), 538-545.
  • Bayram, Y., Torlak, Y., & Sağdıç, O. (2019). Üvez meyvesinin antioksidan aktivitesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 16, 933-939.
  • Belščak, A., Komes, D., Horžić, D., Ganić, K.K., & Karlović, D. (2009). Comparative study of commercially available cocoa products in terms of their bioactive composition. Food Research International, 42, 707–716.
  • Bogdanov, S. (2017). Propolis: origin, production, composition. The Propolis Book, Chapter 1. Online: http://www.bee-hexagon.net Erişim Tarihi 12.04.2020.
  • Burdock, G.A. (1998). Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 36(4), 347-363.
  • Cate, J.C., & Hedrick, R. (1980). Propylene glycol intoxication and lactic acidosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 303, 1237.
  • Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., & Burlando, B. (2017). Therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds from different honeybee products. Frontiers Pharmacology, 8, Article 412.
  • Devequi-Nunes, D., Machado, B.A., Barreto, G.D., Silva, J.R., Silva, D.F., Rocha, J.L., Brandão, H.N., Borges, V.M., & Umsza-Guez, M.A. (2018). Chemical characterization and biological activity of six different extracts of propolis through conventional methods and supercritical extraction. PloS One, 13(12), e0207676.
  • Duman, S. (2010). Çanakkale (Türkiye) ilinde toplanan propolis örneklerinin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerine çalışmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
  • Escriche, I., & Juan-Borrás, M. (2018). Standardizing the analysis of phenolic profile in propolis. Food Research İnternational, 106, 834-841.
  • Farooqui, T., & Farooqui, A. (2012). Beneficial effects of propolis on human health and neurological diseases. Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite edition), 4, 779-793.
  • Galeotti, F., Maccari, F., Fachini, A., & Volpi, N. (2018). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis prepared in different forms and in different solvents useful for finished products. Foods, 7 (41), 1-10.
  • Glascow, A.M., Boeckx, R.L., Miller, M.K., MacDonald, M.G., August, G.P., & Goodman, S.I. (1983). Hyperosmolality in small infants due to propylene glycol. Pediatrics, 72, 353–355.
  • Hazer, Y., Çölgeçen, H., & Uyar, G. (2017). Briyofitlerden elde edilen fenolik bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 7(1), 333-340.
  • Huang, S., Zhang, C., Wang, K., Li, G., & Hu, F. (2014). Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules, 19, 19610-19632.
  • Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., Bakmaz, M., & Vladimir-Knežević, S. (2005). Flavonoid analysis and antimicrobial activity of commercially available propolis products. Acta Pharm., 55(4), 423–430.
  • Kubilienė, L., Laugaliene, V., Pavilonis, A., Maruška, A., Majiene, D., Barcauskaitė, K., Kubilius, R., Kasparavičienė, G., & Savickas, A. (2015). Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15 (156), 1-7.
  • Lim, T.Y., Poole, R.L., & Pageler, N.M. (2014). Propylene glycol toxicity in children. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 19(4), 277-282.
  • Martin, G., & Finberg, L. (1970). Propylene glycol: a potentially toxic vehicle in liquid dosage form. Journal of Pediatrics, 77(5), 877-878.
  • O’Donnell, J., Mertl, S.L., & Kelly, W.N. (2000). Propylene glycol toxicity in a pediatric patient: the dangers of diluents. Journal of Pharmacy Practice,13(3), 214-224.
  • Petkov, H.H., Trusheva, B., Popova, M., & Bankova, V. (2018). Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for green extraction of bioactive compounds from poplar propolis: a preliminary study. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature/, 1(3), 76-76.
  • Popova, M.P., Bankova, V.S., Bogdanov, S., Tsvetkova, I., Naydenski, C., Marcazzan, G.L., & Sabatini, A. (2011). Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie, 38, 306-311.
  • Ramanauskiene, K., Inkeniene, A., Petrikaite, V., & Briedis, V. (2013). Total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of different lithuanian propolis solutions. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 842985.
  • Ristivojevic, P., Trifkovic, J., Andrić, F., & Milojković-Opsenica, D. (2015). Poplar-type propolis: Chemical composition, botanical origin and biological activity. Natural Product Communications, 10(11), 1869-1876.
  • Sun, C., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2015). Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of beijing propolis extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 595393.
  • Toreti, V.C., Sato, H.H., Pastore, G.M., & Park, Y.K. (2013). Recent progress of propolis for ıts biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 107-118.
  • Trusheva, B., Trunkova, D., & Bankova, V. (2007). Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chemistry Central Journal, 1(13), 1-4.
  • Tuncel, N.B., & Yılmaz, N. (2010). Kaz Dağları’ndan toplanan bazı bitkilerin fenolik asit kompozisyonlarının yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi ile belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 8(3), 18-23.
  • Uzel, A., Sorkun, K., Onçağ, O., Çoğulu, D., Gençay, O., & Salih, B. (2005). Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiological Research, 160(2), 189-95.
  • Zar, T., Graeber, C., & Perazellat, M.A. (2007). Recognition, treatment and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Seminar in Dialysis, 20(3), 217-219.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Commercial Propolis Samples Sold in the Market

Year 2020, Issue: 19, 19 - 31, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.734204

Abstract

Consumers has become more conscious about their food and ingredients and they began to prefer foods that have health benefits. Hence, examination of bioactive compounds of food products has become important. Propolis, which is a bee product known to have many health benefits due to the bioactive substances it contains, has become a very popular food supplement. However, in our country, propolis produced with different solvent extractions without the use of alcohol within the scope of Halal food, as well as the presence of propolis produced with alcohol extraction cause the bioactive feature of propolis sold in the markets to vary. This situation also prevents standardization. In this study; it is aimed to determine the bioactive components of commercial propolis samples and show the results comparatively. A total of 14 different commercial propolis products were obtained from domestic and foreign brands. They contained different solvents (such as alcohol, water, propylene glycol) and were packaged in dropper bottles and disposable sachets. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and phenolic profile analysis were performed for each sample. Total phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometric method, phenolic profile and total amount of flavonoid substance were determined by chromatographic method at LC-MS-MS. A total of 43 different phenolic substance were analysed. Since the propolis content of the products declared on the labels were different, the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content were calculated based on the fact that they contained 50% propolis. It was found that, the water based propolis product in the disposable sachet had the highest amount of the total phenolic and total flavonoid content. At the same time, 42 of the 43 phenolic components analyzed, were detected at this product hence it was ranked at the top in terms of the variety of phenolic components. On the other hand, any flavonoid component could be detected in the other two water based propolis products. These differences could be related to the extraction solvent and method and/or the quality of the raw material. For this reason, consumers need to know the propolis content and the solvent type in the product as well as the amount of bioactive components. At this point, it becomes important for the consumers to be able to access the information about the amount of the bioactive components of product they will buy.

References

  • Ahangari, Z., Naseri, M., & Vatandoost, F. (2018). Propolis: chemical composition and its applications in endodontics. Iranian Endodontic Journal, 13(3), 285-292.
  • Anjum, S.I.., Ullah, A., Khan, K.A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., Bashir, M.A., Tahir, M., Ansari, M.J., Ghramh, H.A., Adgaba, N., & Dash, C.K. (2018). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): a review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(7), 1695-1703.
  • Anonim. http://www.tab.org.tr/propolis Erişim tarihi: 13.04.2020
  • Arulanantham, K, & Genel, M. (1978). Central nervous system toxicity associated with ingestion of propylene glycol. Journal of Pediatrics, 93(3), 515- 516.
  • Aybastıer, Ö. (2020). Farklı formlardaki ginkgo biloba’nın antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 18, 206-212.
  • Bakkaloğlu, Z., & Arıcı, M. (2019). Farklı çözücülerle propolis ekstraksiyonunun toplam fenolik içeriği, antioksidan kapasite ve antimikrobiyal aktivite üzerine etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 17(4), 538-545.
  • Bayram, Y., Torlak, Y., & Sağdıç, O. (2019). Üvez meyvesinin antioksidan aktivitesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 16, 933-939.
  • Belščak, A., Komes, D., Horžić, D., Ganić, K.K., & Karlović, D. (2009). Comparative study of commercially available cocoa products in terms of their bioactive composition. Food Research International, 42, 707–716.
  • Bogdanov, S. (2017). Propolis: origin, production, composition. The Propolis Book, Chapter 1. Online: http://www.bee-hexagon.net Erişim Tarihi 12.04.2020.
  • Burdock, G.A. (1998). Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 36(4), 347-363.
  • Cate, J.C., & Hedrick, R. (1980). Propylene glycol intoxication and lactic acidosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 303, 1237.
  • Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., & Burlando, B. (2017). Therapeutic properties of bioactive compounds from different honeybee products. Frontiers Pharmacology, 8, Article 412.
  • Devequi-Nunes, D., Machado, B.A., Barreto, G.D., Silva, J.R., Silva, D.F., Rocha, J.L., Brandão, H.N., Borges, V.M., & Umsza-Guez, M.A. (2018). Chemical characterization and biological activity of six different extracts of propolis through conventional methods and supercritical extraction. PloS One, 13(12), e0207676.
  • Duman, S. (2010). Çanakkale (Türkiye) ilinde toplanan propolis örneklerinin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerine çalışmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
  • Escriche, I., & Juan-Borrás, M. (2018). Standardizing the analysis of phenolic profile in propolis. Food Research İnternational, 106, 834-841.
  • Farooqui, T., & Farooqui, A. (2012). Beneficial effects of propolis on human health and neurological diseases. Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite edition), 4, 779-793.
  • Galeotti, F., Maccari, F., Fachini, A., & Volpi, N. (2018). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of propolis prepared in different forms and in different solvents useful for finished products. Foods, 7 (41), 1-10.
  • Glascow, A.M., Boeckx, R.L., Miller, M.K., MacDonald, M.G., August, G.P., & Goodman, S.I. (1983). Hyperosmolality in small infants due to propylene glycol. Pediatrics, 72, 353–355.
  • Hazer, Y., Çölgeçen, H., & Uyar, G. (2017). Briyofitlerden elde edilen fenolik bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 7(1), 333-340.
  • Huang, S., Zhang, C., Wang, K., Li, G., & Hu, F. (2014). Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules, 19, 19610-19632.
  • Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., Bakmaz, M., & Vladimir-Knežević, S. (2005). Flavonoid analysis and antimicrobial activity of commercially available propolis products. Acta Pharm., 55(4), 423–430.
  • Kubilienė, L., Laugaliene, V., Pavilonis, A., Maruška, A., Majiene, D., Barcauskaitė, K., Kubilius, R., Kasparavičienė, G., & Savickas, A. (2015). Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15 (156), 1-7.
  • Lim, T.Y., Poole, R.L., & Pageler, N.M. (2014). Propylene glycol toxicity in children. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 19(4), 277-282.
  • Martin, G., & Finberg, L. (1970). Propylene glycol: a potentially toxic vehicle in liquid dosage form. Journal of Pediatrics, 77(5), 877-878.
  • O’Donnell, J., Mertl, S.L., & Kelly, W.N. (2000). Propylene glycol toxicity in a pediatric patient: the dangers of diluents. Journal of Pharmacy Practice,13(3), 214-224.
  • Petkov, H.H., Trusheva, B., Popova, M., & Bankova, V. (2018). Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for green extraction of bioactive compounds from poplar propolis: a preliminary study. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature/, 1(3), 76-76.
  • Popova, M.P., Bankova, V.S., Bogdanov, S., Tsvetkova, I., Naydenski, C., Marcazzan, G.L., & Sabatini, A. (2011). Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie, 38, 306-311.
  • Ramanauskiene, K., Inkeniene, A., Petrikaite, V., & Briedis, V. (2013). Total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of different lithuanian propolis solutions. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 842985.
  • Ristivojevic, P., Trifkovic, J., Andrić, F., & Milojković-Opsenica, D. (2015). Poplar-type propolis: Chemical composition, botanical origin and biological activity. Natural Product Communications, 10(11), 1869-1876.
  • Sun, C., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2015). Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of beijing propolis extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 595393.
  • Toreti, V.C., Sato, H.H., Pastore, G.M., & Park, Y.K. (2013). Recent progress of propolis for ıts biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 107-118.
  • Trusheva, B., Trunkova, D., & Bankova, V. (2007). Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chemistry Central Journal, 1(13), 1-4.
  • Tuncel, N.B., & Yılmaz, N. (2010). Kaz Dağları’ndan toplanan bazı bitkilerin fenolik asit kompozisyonlarının yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi ile belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 8(3), 18-23.
  • Uzel, A., Sorkun, K., Onçağ, O., Çoğulu, D., Gençay, O., & Salih, B. (2005). Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiological Research, 160(2), 189-95.
  • Zar, T., Graeber, C., & Perazellat, M.A. (2007). Recognition, treatment and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Seminar in Dialysis, 20(3), 217-219.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Osman Sağdıç 0000-0002-2063-1462

Salih Karasu 0000-0002-0421-6103

Hamza Goktas This is me 0000-0001-9802-9378

Publication Date August 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Sağdıç, O., Karasu, S., & Goktas, H. (2020). Piyasada Satılan Ticari Propolis Örneklerinin Biyoaktif Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(19), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.734204