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A comparison of blood glucose and insulin responses in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus consuming potato alone, and potato with sunflower oil

Year 2019, Issue: 15, 440 - 449, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.497012

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to compare between carbohydrate intake and carbohydrate with sunflower oil intake effects on blood glucose and insulin levels for using to plan the diets for type II diabetes mellitus.

Material and method: In our study, two types of test foods were given to 10 voluntary type II diabetic patients (4 male, 6 female, mean age 50.3 ± 14.6 years and mean duration of diabetes 3.1 ± 0.3 years), and fasting and postprandial blood sugar and insulin parameters were examined and compared.

As the 1st test meal: 250 grams of potato (containing 50 grams of carbohydrate) were boiled for 45 minutes, then fed to the subjects.

As a 2nd test meal: after 14 days from the 1st test meal, 250 grams of potato were boiled for 45 minutes, peeled and fed in puree form with the addition of 20 ml sunflower oil.

Blood samples were taken before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the test meals, respectively.

Results: When the serum glucose and insulin levels in blood samples from patients were examined, the relationship between potato alone and potato with sunflower oil co-administration was not statistically significant (p>0.05, for all times)

Similarly, there was no difference in glucose areas after the 1st and 2nd test meals (p=0.562, p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the serum insulin area after the 1st and 2nd test meals (p=0.900, p>0.05).

Conclusion: There is not a difference in terms of serum glucose and insulin responses in the type II diabetic patients when they are only fed boiled potatoes, a food with high glycaemic index, compared to when the boiled potato is added 20 ml of sunflower oil. As can be understood from this study, when regulating the diet of the type II diabetic patients, it should be planned considering the glycaemic index of the food given as it is, since adding fat to the food does not affect the serum glucose and insulin response.

References

  • Anderson JW, & Gail PB. [1994]. Nutritional management of diabetes mellitus. In M.E. Shils, J.A. Olson, & M. Shike (Ed.) Modern nutrition in health and disease (8th ed.) (1259-1287). Lea and Febiger. (ISBN-13: 978-0812114850)
  • Bağrıaçık N. [1988]. Diyabetin uzun süreli komplikasyonları. In Diyabet ve tedavisi. Istanbul: Nurettin Uycan Basım. p: 79
  • Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Melver ME, Van Duyn MS, Leo TA, Michnowski LE, et al. [1989]. Effect of guar gum on mineral balances in NIDDM adults. Diabetes Care (5): 357-363.
  • Blackburn NA, Redfern JS, Jarjis H, Holgate AM, Hanning I, Scarpello JH, et al. [1984]. The mechanism of action of guar gum in improving glucose tolerence in man. Clinical Science 66(3): 329-336.
  • Brand JC, Nicholson PL, Thorburn AW, & Truswell AS. [1985]. Food processing and the glycemic index. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 42(6): 1192-1196.
  • Brand JC, Colagiuri S, Crossman S, Allen A, Roberts DCK, & Truswell AS. [1991]. Low-glycemic index foods improve long-term glycemic control in NIDDM. Diabetes Care (2): 95-101.
  • Collier G, & O’Dea K. [1983]. The effect of coingestion of fat on the glucose, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to carbohydrate and protein. Am. J.Clin. Nutr 37(6): 941-944.
  • Crapo PA, Reaven G, & Olefsky J. [1977]. Postprandial plasma-glucose and insulin responses to different complex carbohydrates. Diabetes 26(12): 1178-1183.
  • Davidson MB, & Botnick TD. [1991]. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. In M.B. Davidson (Ed.) Diabetes mellitus, diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.) (1-10). Churchill: Livingstone.
  • Flatt JP, Ravussin E, Acheson KJ, & Jequier E. [1985]. Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances. J. Clin. Invest. 76(3): 1019-1024.
  • Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Neil BJ, & Westphal SA. [1988]. The insulin and glucose responses to meals of glucose plus various proteins in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism 37(11): 1081-1088.
  • Gannon MC, & Nuttall FQ. [1990]. Quantitation of the glucose area response to a meal. Diabetes Care (13): 1095.
  • Gannon MC, Ercan N, Westphal SA, & Nuttall FQ. [1993]. Effect of added fat on plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato in individuals with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 16(6): 874-880.
  • Gurcan T, Pala M, Korugan Hacıbekiroğlu M, & Yardımcı T. [1993]. Glisemik Indeks: Onemi ve etki eden faktorler. In Endokrinolojide Yonelisler. Cilt 2, Sayı 3, p: 9-12.
  • Jarret RJ, & Keen H. [1976]. Hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. The Lancet 308(7993): 1009-1012.
  • Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Wong GS, Kenshole A, Josse RG, Thompson LU, et al. [1984a]. Glycemic responses to foods: possible differences between insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40(5): 971-981.
  • Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Josse RG, & Wong GS. [1984b]. The glycaemic response to carbohydrate foods. The Lancet (324.8399): 388-391.
  • Jenkins DJA, Wolover TMS, & Jenkins AL. [1994]. Diet factors affecting nutrient absorbtion and metabolism. In Shils ME, Olson JA, & Shike M (Ed.) Modern nutrition in health and disease (8th ed.) (583-602). Lea and Febiger. (ISBN-13: 978-0812114850)
  • Jenkins DJA, & Jenkins AL. [1995]. Nutrition principles and diabetes: A role for “lente carbohydrate”?. Diabetes Care (11): 1491-1498.
  • Linscheer WG, & Vergrossen AJ. [1988]. Lipids. In Shils ME, & Young VR (Ed.) Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. (7th ed.) (82) Lea and Febiger.
  • Mann J. [1987]. Complex carbohydrates: replacement energy for fat or useful in their own right? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45(5): 1202-1206.
  • Mayes PA. [1988] Part 53: Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption. In Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, & Rodwell VW. (Ed.). Harper’s Biochemistry. (571-588). Lange Medical Publications.
  • Nelson JK, Moxness KE, Jensen MD, & Gastineau CF. [1994]. Part 8: Endocrine / Metabolism Diseases and Disorders. In Mayo Clinic Diet Manual: A handbook of nutrition practices. (8th ed.) (29-37). St. Louis: Mosby Publishing. (ISBN-13: 978-0815163480)
  • Nishimune T, Yakushiji T, Sumimoto T, Taguchi S, Konishi Y, Nakahara S, et al. [1991]. Glycemic response and fiber content of some foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (54): 414-419.
  • Nuttall FQ, Mooradian AD, Gannon MC, Billington C & Krezowski P. [1984]. Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load. Diabetes Care 7(5): 465-470.
  • Nuttall FQ, & Gannon MC. [1991]. Plasma glucose and insulin response to macronutrients in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care (9): 824-838.
  • Ross SW, Brand JC, Thorburn AW, & Truswell AS. [1987]. Glycemic index of processed wheat products. Am. J. Clin.Nutr. 46(4): 631-635.
  • Sandhu KS, El Samahi MM, Mena I, Dooley CP, & Valenzuela JE. [1987]. Effects of pectin on gastric emptying and gastroduodenal motility in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 92(2): 486-492.
  • Schwartz SE, Levine RA, Weinstock RS, Petokas S, Mills CA, & Thomas FD. [1988]. Sustained pectin ingestion: effect on gastric emptying and glucose tolerance in non- insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(6): 1413-1417.
  • Waugh JM. [1936]. Effect of fat introduced into the jejunum by fistula on motility and emptying time of the stomach. Arch Surgery 33(3): 451-66.
  • Wolever TMS, & Jenkins DJA. [1986]. The use of the glycemie index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (43): 167-172. Available: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/43/1/167/4691817 [Accessed 20.03.2018]
  • Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Ocana AM, Rao VA, & Collier GR. [1988]. Second-meal effect: low-glycemic index foods eaten at dinner improve subsequent breakfast glysemic response. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(4): 1041-1047.
  • Wolever TM. [1990]. Relationship between dietary fiber content and composition in foods and the glycemic index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51(1): 72-75.
  • Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL, & Josse RG. [1991]. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am.J.Clin.Nutr 54(5): 846-854.

Tip II Diyabetik Hastalarda Tek Başına Patates Yenmesine ve Patatesin Sıvı Yağla Birlikte Yenmesine Karşı Kan Glukoz ve İnsülin Cevaplarının Karşilaştırılması

Year 2019, Issue: 15, 440 - 449, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.497012

Abstract



Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Tip2 Diyabetli hastalarda diyet planlamak için karbonhidratların
ve karbonhidratların ayçiçeği yağıyla birlikte alınmasının kan glukoz ve
insülin seviyeleri üzerine etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır.



Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmada, 10 Tip 2
Diyabetli gönüllü hastaya (4 erkek, 6 kadın, ortalama yaşları 50.3 ± 14.6 ve ortalama
Diyabet süreleri 3.1 ± 0.3 yıl olan) 2 tür test yemeği verilmiş, açlıkta ve
toklukta kan şeker ve insülin parametreleri incelenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.



1.Test yemeği olarak: 250 gram
patates (50g karbonhidrat içeren) 45 dakika haşlanmış ve soyulup sonra
katılımcılara yedirilmiştir.



2.Test yemeği olarak: 1.test
yemeğinden 14 gün sonra 250 g patates 45 dakika haşlandıktan sonra soyulmuş,
püre haline getirilip 20 ml ayçiçeği yağı ile karıştırılmış ve katılımcılara
yedirilmiştir



Kan örnekleri açlıkta ve test
yemeklerini takiben 30, 60, 90, 120 dakikalarda alınmıştır. Bulgular:  Hastalardan alınan kan örneklerindeki serum
glukoz ve insülin seviyeleri incelendiğinde, patatesin tek başına ve ayçiçeği
yağıyla birlikte alınması arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
bulunmamıştır. (p>0.05, tüm zamanlarda)



Benzer olarak 1. ve 2. test
yemeklerinden sonra glukoz alanları arasında fark yoktur. (p=0.562, p>0.05).
Aynı zamanda 1. ve 2. Test yemekleri sonrası insülin alanları arasında da far
bulunmamıştır. (p=0.900, p>0.05).



Sonuç: Tip 2
Diyabetli hastalarda yüksek glisemik indekse sahip olan tek başına haşlanmış
patates ve haşlanmış patatesin 20 ml ayçiçeği yağıyla birlikte alınmasının serum
glukoz ve insülin cevapları bakımından bir farkı yoktur. Bu çalışmadan
anlaşıldığı gibi, Tip 2 Diyabetik hastaların diyetleri düzenlenirken, glisemik
indeksi yüksek gıdalara yağ eklenmesi serum glukoz ve insülin cevabını
etkilemediğinden, verilen besinin kendi glisemik indeksi mutlaka göz önüne
alınarak diyet planlanmalıdır.



References

  • Anderson JW, & Gail PB. [1994]. Nutritional management of diabetes mellitus. In M.E. Shils, J.A. Olson, & M. Shike (Ed.) Modern nutrition in health and disease (8th ed.) (1259-1287). Lea and Febiger. (ISBN-13: 978-0812114850)
  • Bağrıaçık N. [1988]. Diyabetin uzun süreli komplikasyonları. In Diyabet ve tedavisi. Istanbul: Nurettin Uycan Basım. p: 79
  • Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Melver ME, Van Duyn MS, Leo TA, Michnowski LE, et al. [1989]. Effect of guar gum on mineral balances in NIDDM adults. Diabetes Care (5): 357-363.
  • Blackburn NA, Redfern JS, Jarjis H, Holgate AM, Hanning I, Scarpello JH, et al. [1984]. The mechanism of action of guar gum in improving glucose tolerence in man. Clinical Science 66(3): 329-336.
  • Brand JC, Nicholson PL, Thorburn AW, & Truswell AS. [1985]. Food processing and the glycemic index. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 42(6): 1192-1196.
  • Brand JC, Colagiuri S, Crossman S, Allen A, Roberts DCK, & Truswell AS. [1991]. Low-glycemic index foods improve long-term glycemic control in NIDDM. Diabetes Care (2): 95-101.
  • Collier G, & O’Dea K. [1983]. The effect of coingestion of fat on the glucose, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to carbohydrate and protein. Am. J.Clin. Nutr 37(6): 941-944.
  • Crapo PA, Reaven G, & Olefsky J. [1977]. Postprandial plasma-glucose and insulin responses to different complex carbohydrates. Diabetes 26(12): 1178-1183.
  • Davidson MB, & Botnick TD. [1991]. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. In M.B. Davidson (Ed.) Diabetes mellitus, diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.) (1-10). Churchill: Livingstone.
  • Flatt JP, Ravussin E, Acheson KJ, & Jequier E. [1985]. Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances. J. Clin. Invest. 76(3): 1019-1024.
  • Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Neil BJ, & Westphal SA. [1988]. The insulin and glucose responses to meals of glucose plus various proteins in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism 37(11): 1081-1088.
  • Gannon MC, & Nuttall FQ. [1990]. Quantitation of the glucose area response to a meal. Diabetes Care (13): 1095.
  • Gannon MC, Ercan N, Westphal SA, & Nuttall FQ. [1993]. Effect of added fat on plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato in individuals with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 16(6): 874-880.
  • Gurcan T, Pala M, Korugan Hacıbekiroğlu M, & Yardımcı T. [1993]. Glisemik Indeks: Onemi ve etki eden faktorler. In Endokrinolojide Yonelisler. Cilt 2, Sayı 3, p: 9-12.
  • Jarret RJ, & Keen H. [1976]. Hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. The Lancet 308(7993): 1009-1012.
  • Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Wong GS, Kenshole A, Josse RG, Thompson LU, et al. [1984a]. Glycemic responses to foods: possible differences between insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40(5): 971-981.
  • Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Josse RG, & Wong GS. [1984b]. The glycaemic response to carbohydrate foods. The Lancet (324.8399): 388-391.
  • Jenkins DJA, Wolover TMS, & Jenkins AL. [1994]. Diet factors affecting nutrient absorbtion and metabolism. In Shils ME, Olson JA, & Shike M (Ed.) Modern nutrition in health and disease (8th ed.) (583-602). Lea and Febiger. (ISBN-13: 978-0812114850)
  • Jenkins DJA, & Jenkins AL. [1995]. Nutrition principles and diabetes: A role for “lente carbohydrate”?. Diabetes Care (11): 1491-1498.
  • Linscheer WG, & Vergrossen AJ. [1988]. Lipids. In Shils ME, & Young VR (Ed.) Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. (7th ed.) (82) Lea and Febiger.
  • Mann J. [1987]. Complex carbohydrates: replacement energy for fat or useful in their own right? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45(5): 1202-1206.
  • Mayes PA. [1988] Part 53: Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption. In Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, & Rodwell VW. (Ed.). Harper’s Biochemistry. (571-588). Lange Medical Publications.
  • Nelson JK, Moxness KE, Jensen MD, & Gastineau CF. [1994]. Part 8: Endocrine / Metabolism Diseases and Disorders. In Mayo Clinic Diet Manual: A handbook of nutrition practices. (8th ed.) (29-37). St. Louis: Mosby Publishing. (ISBN-13: 978-0815163480)
  • Nishimune T, Yakushiji T, Sumimoto T, Taguchi S, Konishi Y, Nakahara S, et al. [1991]. Glycemic response and fiber content of some foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (54): 414-419.
  • Nuttall FQ, Mooradian AD, Gannon MC, Billington C & Krezowski P. [1984]. Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load. Diabetes Care 7(5): 465-470.
  • Nuttall FQ, & Gannon MC. [1991]. Plasma glucose and insulin response to macronutrients in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care (9): 824-838.
  • Ross SW, Brand JC, Thorburn AW, & Truswell AS. [1987]. Glycemic index of processed wheat products. Am. J. Clin.Nutr. 46(4): 631-635.
  • Sandhu KS, El Samahi MM, Mena I, Dooley CP, & Valenzuela JE. [1987]. Effects of pectin on gastric emptying and gastroduodenal motility in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 92(2): 486-492.
  • Schwartz SE, Levine RA, Weinstock RS, Petokas S, Mills CA, & Thomas FD. [1988]. Sustained pectin ingestion: effect on gastric emptying and glucose tolerance in non- insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(6): 1413-1417.
  • Waugh JM. [1936]. Effect of fat introduced into the jejunum by fistula on motility and emptying time of the stomach. Arch Surgery 33(3): 451-66.
  • Wolever TMS, & Jenkins DJA. [1986]. The use of the glycemie index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (43): 167-172. Available: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/43/1/167/4691817 [Accessed 20.03.2018]
  • Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Ocana AM, Rao VA, & Collier GR. [1988]. Second-meal effect: low-glycemic index foods eaten at dinner improve subsequent breakfast glysemic response. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(4): 1041-1047.
  • Wolever TM. [1990]. Relationship between dietary fiber content and composition in foods and the glycemic index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51(1): 72-75.
  • Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL, & Josse RG. [1991]. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am.J.Clin.Nutr 54(5): 846-854.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sabiha Zeynep Aydenk Köseoğlu 0000-0001-7936-8462

Publication Date March 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Köseoğlu, S. Z. A. (2019). A comparison of blood glucose and insulin responses in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus consuming potato alone, and potato with sunflower oil. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(15), 440-449. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.497012