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Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 307 - 314, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1192388

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and post-traumatic stress disorder on eating disorders and eating habits.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study employed 562 (167 males, and 395 females) medical students, utilizing the fear of COVID-19 scale, COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI), SCOFF (REZZY) eating disorders scale and Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) scale.
Results: Of the participants, 292 (52.0%) had an adequate/balanced diet, and 339 (60.3%) students had an average sleep time of <8 hours. The REZZY scale score showed 198 (35.2%) students had an eating disorder risk, and MEDAS scores exhibited 320 (56.9%) students had incompatible diets. A significant correlation was detected between the REZZY score and the fear of COVID-19 scale score (p=0.003) and CPDI score (p<0.001). The CPDI scores of the underweight participants and those with normal body mass index (BMI) class were significantly higher (p=0.009). A significant difference was spotted in respecting REZZY scores according to BMI classes (p<0.001). The ones with normal BMI class had significantly higher MEDAS score (p=0.031). Females were 2.315 times more likely to develop eating disorders. BMI value affected the risk of eating disorders (p<0.001). When BMI (kg/m2) increased by 1 unit, the risk of eating disorders would increase by 1.220 times. Adequate and balanced nutrition had a significant impact on the risk of eating disorders (p=0.018).
Conclusion: Assuring adequate and balanced nutrition and eliminating fears and stresses experienced during epidemics are essential.

References

  • Kumar J, Katto MS, Siddiqui AA, Sahito B, Jamil M, Rasheed N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers regarding the use of face mask to limit the spread of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7737.
  • Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J. Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. Int J Emerg Med. 2020;13(1):40.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
  • Stuijfzand S, Deforges C, Sandoz V, Sajin CT, Jaques C, Elmers J, et al. Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1230.
  • Donati D, Biagioli V, Cianfrocca C, De Marinis MG, Tartaglini D. Compliance with standard precautions among clinical nurses: validity and reliability of the italian version of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS-It). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):121.
  • Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-45.
  • Nelson SM, Lee-Winn AE. The mental turmoil of hospital nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(S1):S126-7.
  • Duman N. COVID-19 fear and intolerance to uncertainty in university students. J Soc Sci. 2020;4(8):426-37. Turkish.
  • Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
  • Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):397-404.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934.
  • Alam S, Bhuiyan FR, Emon TH, Hasan M. Prospects of nutritional interventions in the care of COVID-19 patients. Heliyon. 2021;7(2):e06285.
  • Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583.
  • Sánchez-Sánchez E, Ramírez-Vargas G, Avellaneda-López Y, Orellana-Pecino JI, García-Marín E, Díaz-Jimenez J. Eating habits and physical activity of the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2826.
  • Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33(2):e100213.
  • Hill LS, Reid F, Morgan JF, Lacey JH. SCOFF, the development of an eating disorder screening questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(4):344-51.
  • Martínez-González MA, García-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, et al. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: The PREDIMED trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43134.
  • Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p.259-63.
  • Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H, Mann B, Desai K, Patel RS. Focus on mental health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: applying learnings from the past outbreaks. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7405.
  • Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9.
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87(5):11-7.
  • Secosan I, Virga D, Crainiceanu ZP, Bratu T. The mediating role of insomnia and exhaustion in the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and mental health complaints among frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel). 2020;10(11):164.
  • Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923549.
  • Abbas AM, Kamel MM. Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Med. 2020;19:100254.
  • Clevenger SF. Mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. OBM Integr Complement Med. 2021;6(1):004.
  • Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):850-1.
  • Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and predictors of emotional eating among healthy young Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2923.
  • Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Longo M, Caruso P, Esposito K. Mediterranean diet and COVID-19: hypothesizing potential benefits in people with diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:574315.
  • Izzo L, Santonastaso A, Cotticelli G, Federico A, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, et al. An Italian survey on dietary habits and changes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1197.
  • Flaudias V, Iceta S, Zerhouni O, Rodgers RF, Billieux J, Llorca PM, et al. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(3):826-35.
  • Chan CY, Chiu CY. Disordered eating behaviors and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Heal Med. 2022;27(1):249-56.
  • Tavolacci MP, Ladner J, Dechelotte P. COVID-19 pandemic and eating disorders among university students. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4294.
  • Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):687-91.
  • Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123-7.
  • Jaillon S, Berthenet K, Garlanda C. Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;56(3):308-21.
  • Gubbels Bupp MR. Sex, the aging immune system, and chronic disease. Cell Immunol. 2015;294(2):102-10.
  • Pfeifer D, Rešetar J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Vranešić Bender D, Rodríguez-Pérez C, et al. Cooking at home and adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 confinement: the experience from the Croatian COVIDiet study. Front Nutr. 2021;8:617721.
  • Metro D, Tardugno R, Papa M, Bisignano C, Manasseri L, Calabrese G, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Nat Prod Res. 2018;32(15):1775-81.
  • Cai Q, Chen F, Wang T, Luo F, Liu X, Wu Q, et al. Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1392-8.
  • Gao M, Piernas C, Astbury NM, Hippisley-Cox J, O’Rahilly S, Aveyard P, et al. Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):350-9.
  • Pietri L, Giorgi R, Bégu A, Lojou M, Koubi M, Cauchois R, et al. Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19. Metabolism. 2021;117:154703.
  • Broche-Pérez Y, Fernández-Fleites Z, Jiménez-Puig E, Fernández-Castillo E, Rodríguez-Martin BC. Gender and fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban population sample. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(1):83-91.
  • Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
  • Sakib N, Bhuiyan AKMI, Hossain S, Al Mamun F, Hosen I, Abdullah AH, et al. Psychometric validation of the Bangla fear of COVID-19 scale: confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(5):2623-34.
  • Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26(1):13-22.
  • Costantini A, Mazzotti E. Italian validation of CoViD-19 peritraumatic distress index and preliminary data in a sample of general population. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):145-51.
  • Abad A, da Silva J, de Paiva Teixeira L, Antonelli-Ponti M, Bastos S, Mármora C, et al. Evaluation of fear and peritraumatic distress during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Adv Infect Dis. 2020;10(3):184-94.
  • Nagarajappa R, Mahapatra I, Satyarup D, Mohanty S. Validation and assessment of COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index among Indian dental professionals. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2021;21:e0009.
  • Ahmed AM, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, et al. Fear and practice modifications among dentists to combat novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821.
  • Alnazly E, Khraisat OM, Al-Bashaireh AM, Bryant CL. Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0247679.
  • Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, Han Q, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424.

Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Korku, Travma Sonrası Stres ve Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının İrdelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 307 - 314, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1192388

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) korkusu ve posttravmatik stres bozukluğunun yeme bozuklukları ve yeme alışkanlıkları üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışma, COVID-19 korku ölçeği, COVID-19 peritravmatik stres indeksi (COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index, CPDI), REZZY yeme bozuklukları ölçeği ve Akdeniz diyetine uyum izleme (Mediterranean diet adherence screener, MEDAS) ölçeği kullanılarak 562 (167 erkek ve 395 kadın) tıp öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların 292 (%52,0)’sinin yeterli/dengeli beslendiği ve 339 (%60,3) öğrencinin <8 saat ortalama uyku süresi olduğu belirlendi. REZZY ölçeği puanı 198 (%35,2) öğrencinin yeme bozukluğu riski taşıdığını gösterirken MEDAS puanı ise 320 (%56,9) öğrencinin uyumsuz diyet yaptığını ortaya koydu. REZZY puanı ile COVID-19 korku ölçeği puanı (p=0,003) ve CPDI puanı (p<0,001) arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulundu. Zayıf olan katılımcılarla normal vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) sınıfında olanların CPDI puanları anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=0,009). VKİ sınıflarına göre REZZY puanlarında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edildi (p<0,001). Normal VKİ sınıfında olanlar anlamlı derecede yüksek MEDAS puanına sahipti (p=0,031). Kadınların yeme bozukluğu ortaya çıkma riski 2,315 kat daha fazlaydı. VKİ değeri yeme bozukluğu riskini etkilemekteydi (p<0,001). VKİ (kg/m2) 1 birim arttığında yeme bozukluğu riski 1,220 kat artmaktadır. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin yeme bozukluğu riski üzerine anlamlı bir etkisi vardı (p=0,018).
Sonuç: Salgınlarda, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin sağlanması ve deneyimlenen korku ve stresin bertaraf edilmesi elzemdir.

References

  • Kumar J, Katto MS, Siddiqui AA, Sahito B, Jamil M, Rasheed N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers regarding the use of face mask to limit the spread of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7737.
  • Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J. Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. Int J Emerg Med. 2020;13(1):40.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
  • Stuijfzand S, Deforges C, Sandoz V, Sajin CT, Jaques C, Elmers J, et al. Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1230.
  • Donati D, Biagioli V, Cianfrocca C, De Marinis MG, Tartaglini D. Compliance with standard precautions among clinical nurses: validity and reliability of the italian version of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS-It). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):121.
  • Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-45.
  • Nelson SM, Lee-Winn AE. The mental turmoil of hospital nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(S1):S126-7.
  • Duman N. COVID-19 fear and intolerance to uncertainty in university students. J Soc Sci. 2020;4(8):426-37. Turkish.
  • Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
  • Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):397-404.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934.
  • Alam S, Bhuiyan FR, Emon TH, Hasan M. Prospects of nutritional interventions in the care of COVID-19 patients. Heliyon. 2021;7(2):e06285.
  • Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583.
  • Sánchez-Sánchez E, Ramírez-Vargas G, Avellaneda-López Y, Orellana-Pecino JI, García-Marín E, Díaz-Jimenez J. Eating habits and physical activity of the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2826.
  • Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33(2):e100213.
  • Hill LS, Reid F, Morgan JF, Lacey JH. SCOFF, the development of an eating disorder screening questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(4):344-51.
  • Martínez-González MA, García-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, et al. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: The PREDIMED trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43134.
  • Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p.259-63.
  • Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H, Mann B, Desai K, Patel RS. Focus on mental health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: applying learnings from the past outbreaks. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7405.
  • Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9.
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87(5):11-7.
  • Secosan I, Virga D, Crainiceanu ZP, Bratu T. The mediating role of insomnia and exhaustion in the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and mental health complaints among frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel). 2020;10(11):164.
  • Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923549.
  • Abbas AM, Kamel MM. Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Med. 2020;19:100254.
  • Clevenger SF. Mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. OBM Integr Complement Med. 2021;6(1):004.
  • Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):850-1.
  • Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and predictors of emotional eating among healthy young Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2923.
  • Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Longo M, Caruso P, Esposito K. Mediterranean diet and COVID-19: hypothesizing potential benefits in people with diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:574315.
  • Izzo L, Santonastaso A, Cotticelli G, Federico A, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, et al. An Italian survey on dietary habits and changes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1197.
  • Flaudias V, Iceta S, Zerhouni O, Rodgers RF, Billieux J, Llorca PM, et al. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(3):826-35.
  • Chan CY, Chiu CY. Disordered eating behaviors and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Heal Med. 2022;27(1):249-56.
  • Tavolacci MP, Ladner J, Dechelotte P. COVID-19 pandemic and eating disorders among university students. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4294.
  • Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):687-91.
  • Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123-7.
  • Jaillon S, Berthenet K, Garlanda C. Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;56(3):308-21.
  • Gubbels Bupp MR. Sex, the aging immune system, and chronic disease. Cell Immunol. 2015;294(2):102-10.
  • Pfeifer D, Rešetar J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Vranešić Bender D, Rodríguez-Pérez C, et al. Cooking at home and adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 confinement: the experience from the Croatian COVIDiet study. Front Nutr. 2021;8:617721.
  • Metro D, Tardugno R, Papa M, Bisignano C, Manasseri L, Calabrese G, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Nat Prod Res. 2018;32(15):1775-81.
  • Cai Q, Chen F, Wang T, Luo F, Liu X, Wu Q, et al. Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1392-8.
  • Gao M, Piernas C, Astbury NM, Hippisley-Cox J, O’Rahilly S, Aveyard P, et al. Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):350-9.
  • Pietri L, Giorgi R, Bégu A, Lojou M, Koubi M, Cauchois R, et al. Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19. Metabolism. 2021;117:154703.
  • Broche-Pérez Y, Fernández-Fleites Z, Jiménez-Puig E, Fernández-Castillo E, Rodríguez-Martin BC. Gender and fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban population sample. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(1):83-91.
  • Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
  • Sakib N, Bhuiyan AKMI, Hossain S, Al Mamun F, Hosen I, Abdullah AH, et al. Psychometric validation of the Bangla fear of COVID-19 scale: confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(5):2623-34.
  • Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26(1):13-22.
  • Costantini A, Mazzotti E. Italian validation of CoViD-19 peritraumatic distress index and preliminary data in a sample of general population. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):145-51.
  • Abad A, da Silva J, de Paiva Teixeira L, Antonelli-Ponti M, Bastos S, Mármora C, et al. Evaluation of fear and peritraumatic distress during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Adv Infect Dis. 2020;10(3):184-94.
  • Nagarajappa R, Mahapatra I, Satyarup D, Mohanty S. Validation and assessment of COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index among Indian dental professionals. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2021;21:e0009.
  • Ahmed AM, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, et al. Fear and practice modifications among dentists to combat novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821.
  • Alnazly E, Khraisat OM, Al-Bashaireh AM, Bryant CL. Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0247679.
  • Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, Han Q, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Funda Kocaay 0000-0003-4352-4675

Pınar Ayyıldız 0000-0002-2644-7981

Nevin Şanlıer 0000-0001-5937-0485

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date October 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kocaay, F., Ayyıldız, P., & Şanlıer, N. (2022). Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Duzce Medical Journal, 24(3), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1192388
AMA Kocaay F, Ayyıldız P, Şanlıer N. Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Duzce Med J. December 2022;24(3):307-314. doi:10.18678/dtfd.1192388
Chicago Kocaay, Funda, Pınar Ayyıldız, and Nevin Şanlıer. “Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Duzce Medical Journal 24, no. 3 (December 2022): 307-14. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1192388.
EndNote Kocaay F, Ayyıldız P, Şanlıer N (December 1, 2022) Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Duzce Medical Journal 24 3 307–314.
IEEE F. Kocaay, P. Ayyıldız, and N. Şanlıer, “Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Duzce Med J, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 307–314, 2022, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.1192388.
ISNAD Kocaay, Funda et al. “Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Duzce Medical Journal 24/3 (December 2022), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1192388.
JAMA Kocaay F, Ayyıldız P, Şanlıer N. Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Duzce Med J. 2022;24:307–314.
MLA Kocaay, Funda et al. “Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 24, no. 3, 2022, pp. 307-14, doi:10.18678/dtfd.1192388.
Vancouver Kocaay F, Ayyıldız P, Şanlıer N. Enquiring into Experiences of Fear, Posttraumatic Stress and Nutritional Habits of Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Duzce Med J. 2022;24(3):307-14.