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Caffeine Levels in Turkish Coffee and Some Beverages Sold in Turkey

Year 2013, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 34 - 38, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Aim: Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system functions and are includednaturally in beverages such as tea and coffee while it is added later some beverages such ascola. Different amounts of caffeine are consumed with these drinks in many countries. Inparticular, the amount of caffeine in Turkish coffee is not clear. In our study, caffeine levelswere measured at beverages and Turkish coffee from different markets in Turkey.Method: Three samples were collected from each of teas, coffees, Turkish coffee, soft drinksand energy drinks at beverages sold different brands and forms. After maintainingstandardization in the preparation of beverages, the amounts of caffeine were analyzed withultraviolet determination method by HPLC.Results:The highest concentration of caffeine in drinks in the measurement was found to bethe Turkish coffee (858mg/L). Caffeine levels were measured in normal tea 840 mg/L ,in solublecoffee 509 mg/L, in tea bags 218 mg/L, in coke 148 mg/L and in energy drinks 169 mg/L.Discussion and Conclusion: Caffeine containing drinks are consumed through the entire lifefrom childhood to senescence. Received moderate amounts of caffeine provide positive benefitssuch as increased motivation, alertness, self-feeling energetic. Furthermore gradually with theincrease of amount consumed caffeine cause unwanted symptoms such as headache,nervousness. Therefore the knowledge of amount caffeine at daily use drinks in a country isimportant for health of consumers

References

  • Benowitz NL. Clinical pharmacology of caffeine. Annu Rev Med. 1990;41: 277-88.
  • Mitchell DC, Knight CA, Hockenberry J, Teplansky R, Hartman TJ. Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Nov 1;63C:136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.042.
  • Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (2002) 1243–1255.
  • Rogers PJ, Dernoncourt C. Regular caffeine consumption: a balance of adverse and beneficial effects for mood and psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Apr;59(4):1039-45.
  • Glade MJ. Caffeine-Not just a stimulant. Nutrition. 2010 Oct;26(10):932-8.
  • Jabbar SB, Caffeine Overdose: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013 Dec;34(4):321-4.
  • Chu YF, Chang WH, Black RM, Liu JR, Sompol P, Chen Y, Wei H, Zhao Q, Cheng IH. Crude caffeine reduces memory impairment and amyloid β (1-42) levels in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Food Chem. 2012 Dec 1; 135(3):2095-102.
  • Cao C, Loewenstein DA, Lin X, Zhang C, Wang L, Duara R, Wu Y, Giannini A, Bai G, Cai J, Greig M, Schofield E, Ashok R, Small B, Potter H, Arendash GW. High Blood caffeine levels in MCI linked to lack of progression to dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30(3):559-7.
  • Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Schwarzschild MA, Shah R, Gapstur S, Ascherio A. Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 1;27(10):1276-82.
  • Postuma RB, Lang AE, Munhoz RP, Charland K, Pelletier A, Moscovich M, Filla L, Zanatta D, Rios Romenets S, Altman R, Chuang R, Shah B. Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.Neurology. 2012 Aug 14;79(7):651-8.
  • Dominianni C, Huang WY, Berndt S, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Prospective study of the relationship between coffee and tea with colorectal cancer risk: the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Br J Cancer. 2013 Sep 3;109(5):1352-9.
  • Li Q, Kakizaki M, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Watanabe T, Nishino Y, Tsuji I. Coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: the Ohsaki Cohort Study.Br J Cancer. 2013 Jun 11;108(11):2381-9.
  • Fujise Y, Okano J, Nagahara T, Abe R, Imamoto R, Murawaki Y. Preventive effect of caffeine and curcumin on hepato-carcinogenesis in diethylnitrosamine-induced rats. Int J Oncol. 2012 Jun;40(6):1779-88.
  • Johnson S, Koh WP, Wang R, Govindarajan S, Yu MC, Yuan JM. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Mar;22(3):503-10.
  • Jarosz M, Wierzejska R, Siuba M. Maternal caffeine intake and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Feb;160(2):156-60.
  • Morgan S, Koren G, Bozzo P. Is caffeine consumption safe during pregnancy? Can Fam Physician. 2013 Apr; 59(4):361-2.
  • Bonaventure A, Rudant J, Goujon-Bellec S, Orsi L, Leverger G, Baruchel A, Bertrand Y, Nelken B, Pasquet M, Michel G, Sirvent N, Bordigoni P, Ducassou S, Rialland X, Zelenika D, Hémon D, Clavel. Childhood acute leukemia, maternal beverage intake during pregnancy, and metabolic polymorphisms. J. Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Apr; 24(4):783-93.
  • Campana C, Griffin PL, Simon EL. Caffeine overdose resulting in severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Sep 27(13)554-8.
  • Peters JM Factors Affecting Caffeine Toxicity: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Journal of New Drugs 1967; 7 (7): 131–41.
  • Holmgren P, Nordén-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities – four case reports. Forensic Science International. 2004; 139 (1): 71–3.
  • Jiang X, Zhang D, Jiang W.Coffee and caffeine intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr. 2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print].

Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları

Year 2013, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 34 - 38, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Amaç: Santral sinir sistemi üzerine uyarıcı etkiye sahip olan kafein, çay ve kahve gibi bazıiçeceklerde doğal olarak bulunmakta iken kola gibi içeceklere sonradan katılmaktadır. Kafeintoplumun pek çok kesimi tarafından bu içecekler içinde değişik seviyelerde tüketilmektedir.Özellikle Türk kahvesindeki kafein miktarı net olarak bilinmemektedir. ÇalışmamızdaTürkiye’de marketlerde satılan farklı markalardan elde edilen içeceklerdeki kafein miktarıölçüldü.Yöntem: Farklı marka ve farklı formlarda satılan kahveler, çaylar, diyet içecekleri, enerjiiçecekleri ve Türk kahvesinin her birinden 3 örnek alındı. İçeceklerin hazırlanmasındastandardizasyon sağlandıktan sonra, içeceklerdeki kafein miktarı HPLC yöntemiyle analiz edildi.Bulgular: Ölçüm yapılan içecekler içerisinde en yüksek kafein konsantrasyonunun Türkkahvesinde olduğu saptandı (858 mg/L). Dökme çayda 840 mg/L, çözünebilir kahvede 509mg/L, poşet çayda 218 mg/L, kolada 148 mg/L, enerji içeceklerinde 169 mg/L kafein ölçüldü(markalar içinde en yüksek çıkan değerlerdir).Tartışma ve Sonuç: Kafein içeren içecekler çocukluktan yaşlılığa kadar yaşamın her dönemindetüketilmektedir. Alınan kafeinin ılımlı miktarları uyanıklık, kendini enerjik hissetme, motivasyonartışı gibi olumlu faydalar sağlarken, gittikçe alım miktarlarının artması ile birlikte baş ağrısı,sinirlilik gibi istenmeyen semptomların çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu yayında, ülkemizdekigünlük yaşamda kullanılan içeceklerin içerdiği kafein miktarının bildirilmesi tüketicilere ciddibir bilgi kaynağı sunmaktadır

References

  • Benowitz NL. Clinical pharmacology of caffeine. Annu Rev Med. 1990;41: 277-88.
  • Mitchell DC, Knight CA, Hockenberry J, Teplansky R, Hartman TJ. Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Nov 1;63C:136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.042.
  • Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (2002) 1243–1255.
  • Rogers PJ, Dernoncourt C. Regular caffeine consumption: a balance of adverse and beneficial effects for mood and psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Apr;59(4):1039-45.
  • Glade MJ. Caffeine-Not just a stimulant. Nutrition. 2010 Oct;26(10):932-8.
  • Jabbar SB, Caffeine Overdose: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013 Dec;34(4):321-4.
  • Chu YF, Chang WH, Black RM, Liu JR, Sompol P, Chen Y, Wei H, Zhao Q, Cheng IH. Crude caffeine reduces memory impairment and amyloid β (1-42) levels in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Food Chem. 2012 Dec 1; 135(3):2095-102.
  • Cao C, Loewenstein DA, Lin X, Zhang C, Wang L, Duara R, Wu Y, Giannini A, Bai G, Cai J, Greig M, Schofield E, Ashok R, Small B, Potter H, Arendash GW. High Blood caffeine levels in MCI linked to lack of progression to dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30(3):559-7.
  • Palacios N, Gao X, McCullough ML, Schwarzschild MA, Shah R, Gapstur S, Ascherio A. Caffeine and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large cohort of men and women. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 1;27(10):1276-82.
  • Postuma RB, Lang AE, Munhoz RP, Charland K, Pelletier A, Moscovich M, Filla L, Zanatta D, Rios Romenets S, Altman R, Chuang R, Shah B. Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.Neurology. 2012 Aug 14;79(7):651-8.
  • Dominianni C, Huang WY, Berndt S, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Prospective study of the relationship between coffee and tea with colorectal cancer risk: the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Br J Cancer. 2013 Sep 3;109(5):1352-9.
  • Li Q, Kakizaki M, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Watanabe T, Nishino Y, Tsuji I. Coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: the Ohsaki Cohort Study.Br J Cancer. 2013 Jun 11;108(11):2381-9.
  • Fujise Y, Okano J, Nagahara T, Abe R, Imamoto R, Murawaki Y. Preventive effect of caffeine and curcumin on hepato-carcinogenesis in diethylnitrosamine-induced rats. Int J Oncol. 2012 Jun;40(6):1779-88.
  • Johnson S, Koh WP, Wang R, Govindarajan S, Yu MC, Yuan JM. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Mar;22(3):503-10.
  • Jarosz M, Wierzejska R, Siuba M. Maternal caffeine intake and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Feb;160(2):156-60.
  • Morgan S, Koren G, Bozzo P. Is caffeine consumption safe during pregnancy? Can Fam Physician. 2013 Apr; 59(4):361-2.
  • Bonaventure A, Rudant J, Goujon-Bellec S, Orsi L, Leverger G, Baruchel A, Bertrand Y, Nelken B, Pasquet M, Michel G, Sirvent N, Bordigoni P, Ducassou S, Rialland X, Zelenika D, Hémon D, Clavel. Childhood acute leukemia, maternal beverage intake during pregnancy, and metabolic polymorphisms. J. Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Apr; 24(4):783-93.
  • Campana C, Griffin PL, Simon EL. Caffeine overdose resulting in severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Sep 27(13)554-8.
  • Peters JM Factors Affecting Caffeine Toxicity: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Journal of New Drugs 1967; 7 (7): 131–41.
  • Holmgren P, Nordén-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities – four case reports. Forensic Science International. 2004; 139 (1): 71–3.
  • Jiang X, Zhang D, Jiang W.Coffee and caffeine intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr. 2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print].
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Hancı This is me

Sait Bayram This is me

Selim Karahan

Ertuğrul Kaya This is me

Sinan Bakırcı This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Hancı, M., Bayram, S., Karahan, S., Kaya, E., et al. (2013). Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları. Duzce Medical Journal, 15(3), 34-38.
AMA Hancı M, Bayram S, Karahan S, Kaya E, Bakırcı S. Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları. Duzce Med J. December 2013;15(3):34-38.
Chicago Hancı, Mustafa, Sait Bayram, Selim Karahan, Ertuğrul Kaya, and Sinan Bakırcı. “Türk Kahvesi Ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları”. Duzce Medical Journal 15, no. 3 (December 2013): 34-38.
EndNote Hancı M, Bayram S, Karahan S, Kaya E, Bakırcı S (December 1, 2013) Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları. Duzce Medical Journal 15 3 34–38.
IEEE M. Hancı, S. Bayram, S. Karahan, E. Kaya, and S. Bakırcı, “Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları”, Duzce Med J, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 34–38, 2013.
ISNAD Hancı, Mustafa et al. “Türk Kahvesi Ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları”. Duzce Medical Journal 15/3 (December 2013), 34-38.
JAMA Hancı M, Bayram S, Karahan S, Kaya E, Bakırcı S. Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları. Duzce Med J. 2013;15:34–38.
MLA Hancı, Mustafa et al. “Türk Kahvesi Ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, 2013, pp. 34-38.
Vancouver Hancı M, Bayram S, Karahan S, Kaya E, Bakırcı S. Türk Kahvesi ve Türkiye’de Satılan Bazı İçeceklerdeki Kafein Miktarları. Duzce Med J. 2013;15(3):34-8.