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ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE AND TURKEY: AN AMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Year 2014, Special Issue of XIV. International Symposium on Econometrics, Operations Research and Statistics, 85 - 96, 01.10.2014

Mehmet Metin Dal Etem Karakaya Şahin Bulut

Abstract

This study investigates Turkeys’ greenhouse gases, economic
growth and energy consumption relations by using 1960-2010 data for the related
indicators. For this purpose, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method was
developed. Ampirical results does not support Environmental Kuznets Curve
hypothesis, which suggest the relationship between the income per capita and
carbondioxide emissions are inverted U-shaped. Our results have found inverted
N-shaped relationship between these two variables. The results also found a
significant and positive relationship between energy consumption and ghg
emissions.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets Curve CO2 Emissions Energy Consumption Economic Growth Dynamic OLS

References

  • Adom, P.K., Bekoe, W., Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Mensah, J.T. ve Botchway, E. (2012), Carbon Diokside Emissions, Economic Growt, Industrial Structure, and Technical Efficiency: Empirical Evidende from Ghana, Senegal, and Morrocco on the Causal Dynamics, Energy, 47, 314-325
  • Ahmed, K. ve Long, W. (2012), Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 4-13
  • Akbostanci, E., Türüt-Aşık, S. ve Tunç, İ. (2009). The Relationship Between Income and Environment in Turkey: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve?, Energy Policy, 37, 861-867.
  • Arı, A. ve Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi Celal Bayer Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18, 2.
  • Baojuan, S., Rongrong, Z. ve Ying, Z. (2011). Empirical Analysis of Tangshan Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution, Energy Procedia, 5, 2392-2396.
  • Başar, S. ve Temurlenk, M.S. (2007). Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 21, 1.
  • Boopen, S. ve Vinesh, S. (2011). On the Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growt: The Mautitian Experience, University of Mauritius, http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2011-EdiA/papers/776-Seetanah.pdf; 2011.
  • Borhan, H., Ahmed, E.M. ve Hitam, M. (2012). The Impact of CO2 on Economic Growt in Asean 8, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 389-397.
  • Brajer, V., Mead, R.W. ve Xiao, F. (2011). Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in China’s Air Pollution, China Economic Review, 22, 383-397.
  • Bruyn, S.M., Berg, J.C.M. ve Opschoor, J.B. (1998). Economic Growt and Emissions: Reconsidering the Empirical Basis of Environmental Kuznets Curves, Ecological Economics, 25, 161-175.
  • Chimeli, A.B. (2007). Growt and the Environment: Are We Looking at the Right Data?, Economics Letters, 96, 89-96 Costantini, V. ve Monni, S. (2008). Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth, Ecological Economics, 64, 867-880. Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey, Ecological Economics, 49, 431-455.
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series, 1 rd edition, Wiley, New York.
  • Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series, John Willeyand Song Inc.
  • Hamilton, C. Ve Turton, H. (2002). Determinant of Emissions Growt in OECD Countries, Energy Policy, 30, 63-71.
  • He, J. ve Wang, H. (2012). Economic Structure, Development Policy and Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis of Environmental Kuznets Curves with Chinese Municipal Data, Ecological Economics, 76, 49-59.
  • Granger, C.W.J., Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics 2, 2, 111-120.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999) Basic Econometrics, McGrawHill, Literatür Yayıncılık, 3rd edition, İstanbul.
  • IPCC (2007). The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York.
  • Jaunky, V.C. (2011). The CO2 Emissions-Income Nexus: Evidence from Rich Countries, Energy Policy, 39, 1228-1240.
  • Johnston, J. ve Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, United States.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 2-3, 231-254
  • Kamas, L. ve Joyce, J.P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates: Evidence from Causality Tests and VARs, Journal of Macroeconomics, 15, 4, 747-768.
  • Karakaya, E. (2008). Küresel Isınma ve Kyoto Protokolü İklim Değişikliğinin Bilimsel, Ekonomik ve Politik Analizi, Bağlam Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Kijima, M., Nishide, K. ve Ohyama, A. (2010). Economic models for the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Survey, Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 34, 1187-1201.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality, The American Economic Review, 45, 1, 1-28.
  • Magnani, E. (2001) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Development Path or Policy Result?”, Encironmental Modelling & Software, 16, 157-165
  • Munasinghe, M. (1999). Is Environmental Degradation an Inevitable Consequence of Economic Growt: Tunneling Through the Environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Economics, 29, 89-109
  • Narayan, P.K. ve Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economics Growt: Panel Data Evidence from Developing Countries, Energy Policy, 38, 661-666.
  • Nasir, M. ve Rehman, F.U. (2011). Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emission in Pakistan: An Empirical Investigations, Energy Policy, 39, 1857-1864.
  • Omay, R.E. (2013). The Relationship between Environment and Income: Regression Spline Approach, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3, 52-61.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long-run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growt, opennes and Financial Development on Carbon Emission in Turkey, Energy Economics 36 262–267.
  • Perron, P. (1990). Testing for a Unit Root in a Time Series with a Changing Mean, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 8, 2, 153-162.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Shin, Y. (1999). An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modeling Approach to Cointegration Analysis, In Storm, S. (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Centennial Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testingfor a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75, 335–346.
  • Roca, J., Padilla, E., Farre, M. ve Galletto, V. (2001). Economic Growt and Atmosferic Pollution in Spain: Discussing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypotsis, Ecological Economics, 39, 85-99.
  • Suri, V. ve Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growt, Trade and Energy: Implications fort he Environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Economics, 25, 195-208.
  • STOCK, J.H. and WATSON, M.W., (1993). A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems, Econometrica, 61, 4, 783ñ820.
  • Wang, Y.C. ve Chuang, Y.C. (2011). Environmental Resilience and Economic Growt: Commond Economy’s Optimization and Environmental Kuznets Curves, Economic Modelling, 28, 2854-2861.

ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2014, Special Issue of XIV. International Symposium on Econometrics, Operations Research and Statistics, 85 - 96, 01.10.2014

Mehmet Metin Dal Etem Karakaya Şahin Bulut

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme, enerji
tüketimi ve sera gazı emisyonları arasındaki ilişki 1960-2010 dönemi
verileriyle incelenmiştir. Bu ilişki Dinamik En Küçük Kareler yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır.
Çalışmada, literatürde tartışılan ters U şeklindeki Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi’nin
olmadığı, kişi başı karbon emisyonları ile kişi başı gelir arasında ters N
şeklinde bir ilişki olduğu ampirik analiz sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca,
Enerji tüketiminin katsayısının pozitif ve anlamlı olması beklentilerle uyumlu
olarak gerçekleşmiştir.

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) CO2 Emisyonları Enerji Tüketimi Ekonomik büyüme Dinamik OLS

References

  • Adom, P.K., Bekoe, W., Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Mensah, J.T. ve Botchway, E. (2012), Carbon Diokside Emissions, Economic Growt, Industrial Structure, and Technical Efficiency: Empirical Evidende from Ghana, Senegal, and Morrocco on the Causal Dynamics, Energy, 47, 314-325
  • Ahmed, K. ve Long, W. (2012), Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 4-13
  • Akbostanci, E., Türüt-Aşık, S. ve Tunç, İ. (2009). The Relationship Between Income and Environment in Turkey: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve?, Energy Policy, 37, 861-867.
  • Arı, A. ve Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi Celal Bayer Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18, 2.
  • Baojuan, S., Rongrong, Z. ve Ying, Z. (2011). Empirical Analysis of Tangshan Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution, Energy Procedia, 5, 2392-2396.
  • Başar, S. ve Temurlenk, M.S. (2007). Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 21, 1.
  • Boopen, S. ve Vinesh, S. (2011). On the Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growt: The Mautitian Experience, University of Mauritius, http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2011-EdiA/papers/776-Seetanah.pdf; 2011.
  • Borhan, H., Ahmed, E.M. ve Hitam, M. (2012). The Impact of CO2 on Economic Growt in Asean 8, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 389-397.
  • Brajer, V., Mead, R.W. ve Xiao, F. (2011). Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in China’s Air Pollution, China Economic Review, 22, 383-397.
  • Bruyn, S.M., Berg, J.C.M. ve Opschoor, J.B. (1998). Economic Growt and Emissions: Reconsidering the Empirical Basis of Environmental Kuznets Curves, Ecological Economics, 25, 161-175.
  • Chimeli, A.B. (2007). Growt and the Environment: Are We Looking at the Right Data?, Economics Letters, 96, 89-96 Costantini, V. ve Monni, S. (2008). Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth, Ecological Economics, 64, 867-880. Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey, Ecological Economics, 49, 431-455.
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series, 1 rd edition, Wiley, New York.
  • Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series, John Willeyand Song Inc.
  • Hamilton, C. Ve Turton, H. (2002). Determinant of Emissions Growt in OECD Countries, Energy Policy, 30, 63-71.
  • He, J. ve Wang, H. (2012). Economic Structure, Development Policy and Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis of Environmental Kuznets Curves with Chinese Municipal Data, Ecological Economics, 76, 49-59.
  • Granger, C.W.J., Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of Econometrics 2, 2, 111-120.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1999) Basic Econometrics, McGrawHill, Literatür Yayıncılık, 3rd edition, İstanbul.
  • IPCC (2007). The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York.
  • Jaunky, V.C. (2011). The CO2 Emissions-Income Nexus: Evidence from Rich Countries, Energy Policy, 39, 1228-1240.
  • Johnston, J. ve Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, United States.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 2-3, 231-254
  • Kamas, L. ve Joyce, J.P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates: Evidence from Causality Tests and VARs, Journal of Macroeconomics, 15, 4, 747-768.
  • Karakaya, E. (2008). Küresel Isınma ve Kyoto Protokolü İklim Değişikliğinin Bilimsel, Ekonomik ve Politik Analizi, Bağlam Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Kijima, M., Nishide, K. ve Ohyama, A. (2010). Economic models for the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Survey, Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 34, 1187-1201.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality, The American Economic Review, 45, 1, 1-28.
  • Magnani, E. (2001) “The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Development Path or Policy Result?”, Encironmental Modelling & Software, 16, 157-165
  • Munasinghe, M. (1999). Is Environmental Degradation an Inevitable Consequence of Economic Growt: Tunneling Through the Environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Economics, 29, 89-109
  • Narayan, P.K. ve Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economics Growt: Panel Data Evidence from Developing Countries, Energy Policy, 38, 661-666.
  • Nasir, M. ve Rehman, F.U. (2011). Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emission in Pakistan: An Empirical Investigations, Energy Policy, 39, 1857-1864.
  • Omay, R.E. (2013). The Relationship between Environment and Income: Regression Spline Approach, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3, 52-61.
  • Öztürk, İ. ve Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long-run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growt, opennes and Financial Development on Carbon Emission in Turkey, Energy Economics 36 262–267.
  • Perron, P. (1990). Testing for a Unit Root in a Time Series with a Changing Mean, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 8, 2, 153-162.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Shin, Y. (1999). An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modeling Approach to Cointegration Analysis, In Storm, S. (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Centennial Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testingfor a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75, 335–346.
  • Roca, J., Padilla, E., Farre, M. ve Galletto, V. (2001). Economic Growt and Atmosferic Pollution in Spain: Discussing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypotsis, Ecological Economics, 39, 85-99.
  • Suri, V. ve Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growt, Trade and Energy: Implications fort he Environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Economics, 25, 195-208.
  • STOCK, J.H. and WATSON, M.W., (1993). A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems, Econometrica, 61, 4, 783ñ820.
  • Wang, Y.C. ve Chuang, Y.C. (2011). Environmental Resilience and Economic Growt: Commond Economy’s Optimization and Environmental Kuznets Curves, Economic Modelling, 28, 2854-2861.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Metin Dal

Etem Karakaya

Şahin Bulut

Publication Date October 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Special Issue of XIV. International Symposium on Econometrics, Operations Research and Statistics

Cite

APA Dal, M. M., Karakaya, E., & Bulut, Ş. (2014). ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi85-96.
AMA Dal MM, Karakaya E, Bulut Ş. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Published online October 1, 2014:85-96.
Chicago Dal, Mehmet Metin, Etem Karakaya, and Şahin Bulut. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, October (October 2014), 85-96.
EndNote Dal MM, Karakaya E, Bulut Ş (October 1, 2014) ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 85–96.
IEEE M. M. Dal, E. Karakaya, and Ş. Bulut, “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, pp. 85–96, October 2014.
ISNAD Dal, Mehmet Metin et al. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. October 2014. 85-96.
JAMA Dal MM, Karakaya E, Bulut Ş. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2014;:85–96.
MLA Dal, Mehmet Metin et al. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2014, pp. 85-96.
Vancouver Dal MM, Karakaya E, Bulut Ş. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ VE TÜRKİYE: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2014:85-96.
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