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Parental Anxiety and Children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index during the COVID-19 pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 199 - 206, 31.08.2023

Elif Nur Elçi Başak Can Sine Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1278492

Abstract

COVID-19, which affected the whole world in 2019, caused various psychosocial disorders, especially stress and anxiety disorders in individuals. Anxiety disorder, which is very common in parents, affects children's eating behaviors. The Mediterranean diet, which is one of the healthiest diets in the world thanks to its comprehensive vitamin and mineral content, has also been reported to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' anxiety levels and KIDMED scores, which measure their children's compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire form, which was created using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), was delivered to the parents by snowball method. In total, 589 parents were reached. Conditions such as parental gender, relationship status, number of children, and dietary supplement use before COVID-19 were only significantly associated with BAI. (p<0,05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the CAS and BAI score was weakly associated with the KIDMED score (0,39*; 0,01 and 0,14*;0,01). As a result, compliance with the Mediterranean diet protects individuals against diseases. It is very important for children and adolescents, who are the individuals of the future, to have a healthy diet. To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.

Keywords

COVID-19 KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Parental Anxiety

References

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  • Bacopoulou, F., Landis, G., Rentoumis, A., Tsitsika, A., & Efthymiou, V. (2017). Mediterranean diet decreases adolescent waist circumference. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 47(6), pp. 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12760
  • Bendau, A., Kunas, S.L., Wyka, S., Petzold, M.B., Plag, J., Asselmann, E., & Ströhle, A. (2021). Longitudinal changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: The role of pre-existing anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 79, p. 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102377.
  • Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., & Demir, H. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale short form: Turkish validity and reliability study. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, pp. 216–225. https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.731092
  • Cena, H., & Calder, P. C. (2020). Defining a healthy diet: Evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients, 12(2), pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020334
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html. Accessed 30 December 2023.
  • Choi, E., Lee, J., & Lee, S. A. (2022). Validation of the Korean version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale and the Coronavirus anxiety scale’, Death Studies, 46(3), pp. 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1833383
  • Coulthard, H., Sharps, M., Cunliffe, L., & van den Tol, A. (2021). Eating in the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite, 161, 105082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105082
  • Çevik Güner, Ü. & Ayar, D. (2022). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveyn anksiyetesi ile çocukların korku ve davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Çocuk Dergisi, 22(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.1000600
  • Emerson, J. A., Tol, W., Caulfield, L. E., & Doocy, S. (2017). Maternal psychological distress and perceived impact on child feeding practices in South Kivu, DR Congo. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 38(3), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117714385
  • Emerson, J. A., Caulfield, L. E., Musafiri Kishimata, E., Nzanzu, J. P., & Doocy, S. (2020). Maternal mental health symptoms are positively associated with child dietary diversity and meal frequency but not nutritional status in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Public Health Nutrition, 23(10), 1810–1819. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004087
  • Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Turner, A. I., Torres, S. J., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Castro-Piñero, J., Delgado-Alfonso, Á., Marcos, A., GómezMartínez, S., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2019). Diet quality and well-being in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. The British Journal of Nutrition, 121(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518003070
  • Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), p. 55. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2016.03.00055
  • Fountoulakis, K. N., Apostolidou, M. K., Atsiova, M. B., Filippidou, A. K., Florou, A. K., Gousiou, D. S., Katsara, A. R., Mantzari, S. N., Padouva-Markoulaki, M., Papatriantafyllou, E. I., Sacharidi, P. I., Tonia, A. I., Tsagalidou, E. G., Zymara, V. P., Prezerakos, P. E., Koupidis, S. A., Fountoulakis, N. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (2021). Selfreported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 624–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.061
  • Gayretli, S. & Sönmez Düzkaya, D. (2023). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete düzeyinin ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science , 6 (1) , 1-10 . https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1148061
  • Hafiz, N. M., El-Readi, M. Z., Esheba, G., Althubiti, M., Ayoub, N., Alzahrani, A. R., Al-Ghamdi, S. S., & Eid, S. Y. (2023). The use of the nutritional supplements during the covid-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 72, 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102917
  • Kabaran, S. & Gezer, C. (2013). Determination of the mediterranean diet and the obesity status of children and adolescents in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus . Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi,7 (1) , 11-20 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tchd/issue/44391/549263
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  • Kırşan, M. & Özcan, B. A. (2021). Adölesanlarda sağlık okuryazarlığı ve beslenme okuryazarlığının diyet kalitesine etkisi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (27), 532-538. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.962135
  • Kuru Yasar, R. & Üstün Aytekin, Ö. (2021). COVID-19 ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiye güncel bir bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19 (1) , 108- 115. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927735
  • Lee S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  • Mendeş, B., Can, B., & Yılmaz, S. (2022). COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin kaygı düzeylerinin ve ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (16), 258-270.
  • https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1062225 Nittari, G., Scuri, S., Petrelli, F., Pirillo, I., di Luca, N. M., & Grappasonni, I. (2019). Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. La Clinica Terapeutica, 170(3), e223–e230. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2019.2137
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Philippe, K., Chabanet, C., Issanchou, S., & Monnery-Patris, S. (2021). Child eating behaviors, parental feeding practices and food shopping motivations during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: (How) did they change? Appetite, 161, 105132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105132
  • Ren, J., Li, X., Chen, S., Chen, S., & Nie, Y. (2020). The influence of factors such as parenting stress and social support on the state anxiety in parents of special needs children during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 565393.
  • Schou, T. M., Joca, S., Wegener, G., & Bay-Richter, C. (2021). Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 - A systematic review. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 97, 328–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.018
  • Seremet Kürklü, N. , Kamarlı Altun, H. & Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisinde sosyal izolasyonun çocuklarda beslenme alışkanlıkları, diyet kalitesi, yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve obezite üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi , 9 (1) , 15-22. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674
  • Serra-Majem, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., PérezRodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain, Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931–935. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2004556
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Parental Anxiety and Children's Mediterranean Diet Quality Index during the COVID-19 pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 199 - 206, 31.08.2023

Elif Nur Elçi Başak Can Sine Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1278492

Abstract

COVID-19, which affected the whole world in 2019, caused various psychosocial disorders, especially stress and anxiety disorders in individuals. Anxiety disorder, which is very common in parents, affects children's eating behaviors. The Mediterranean diet, which is one of the healthiest diets in the world thanks to its comprehensive vitamin and mineral content, has also been reported to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' anxiety levels and KIDMED scores, which measure their children's compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire form, which was created using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), was delivered to the parents by snowball method. In total, 589 parents were reached. Conditions such as parental gender, relationship status, number of children, and dietary supplement use before COVID-19 were only significantly associated with BAI. (p<0,05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the CAS and BAI score was weakly associated with the KIDMED score (0,39*; 0,01 and 0,14*;0,01). As a result, compliance with the Mediterranean diet protects individuals against diseases. It is very important for children and adolescents, who are the individuals of the future, to have a healthy diet. To protect public health in future pandemics, healthy eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet should be expanded.

Keywords

COVID-19 KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Parental Anxiety

References

  • Ash, T., Agaronov, A., Young, T., Aftosmes-Tobio, A., & Davison, K.K. (2017). Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), p. 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966- 017-0571-2
  • Bacopoulou, F., Landis, G., Rentoumis, A., Tsitsika, A., & Efthymiou, V. (2017). Mediterranean diet decreases adolescent waist circumference. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 47(6), pp. 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12760
  • Bendau, A., Kunas, S.L., Wyka, S., Petzold, M.B., Plag, J., Asselmann, E., & Ströhle, A. (2021). Longitudinal changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: The role of pre-existing anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 79, p. 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102377.
  • Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., & Demir, H. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale short form: Turkish validity and reliability study. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, pp. 216–225. https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.731092
  • Cena, H., & Calder, P. C. (2020). Defining a healthy diet: Evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients, 12(2), pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020334
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html. Accessed 30 December 2023.
  • Choi, E., Lee, J., & Lee, S. A. (2022). Validation of the Korean version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale and the Coronavirus anxiety scale’, Death Studies, 46(3), pp. 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1833383
  • Coulthard, H., Sharps, M., Cunliffe, L., & van den Tol, A. (2021). Eating in the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite, 161, 105082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105082
  • Çevik Güner, Ü. & Ayar, D. (2022). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveyn anksiyetesi ile çocukların korku ve davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Çocuk Dergisi, 22(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.1000600
  • Emerson, J. A., Tol, W., Caulfield, L. E., & Doocy, S. (2017). Maternal psychological distress and perceived impact on child feeding practices in South Kivu, DR Congo. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 38(3), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117714385
  • Emerson, J. A., Caulfield, L. E., Musafiri Kishimata, E., Nzanzu, J. P., & Doocy, S. (2020). Maternal mental health symptoms are positively associated with child dietary diversity and meal frequency but not nutritional status in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Public Health Nutrition, 23(10), 1810–1819. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019004087
  • Esteban-Gonzalo, L., Turner, A. I., Torres, S. J., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Castro-Piñero, J., Delgado-Alfonso, Á., Marcos, A., GómezMartínez, S., & Veiga, Ó. L. (2019). Diet quality and well-being in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. The British Journal of Nutrition, 121(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518003070
  • Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), p. 55. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2016.03.00055
  • Fountoulakis, K. N., Apostolidou, M. K., Atsiova, M. B., Filippidou, A. K., Florou, A. K., Gousiou, D. S., Katsara, A. R., Mantzari, S. N., Padouva-Markoulaki, M., Papatriantafyllou, E. I., Sacharidi, P. I., Tonia, A. I., Tsagalidou, E. G., Zymara, V. P., Prezerakos, P. E., Koupidis, S. A., Fountoulakis, N. K., & Chrousos, G. P. (2021). Selfreported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 624–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.061
  • Gayretli, S. & Sönmez Düzkaya, D. (2023). Pandemi sürecinde ebeveynlerin koronavirüs anksiyete düzeyinin ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science , 6 (1) , 1-10 . https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1148061
  • Hafiz, N. M., El-Readi, M. Z., Esheba, G., Althubiti, M., Ayoub, N., Alzahrani, A. R., Al-Ghamdi, S. S., & Eid, S. Y. (2023). The use of the nutritional supplements during the covid-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 72, 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102917
  • Kabaran, S. & Gezer, C. (2013). Determination of the mediterranean diet and the obesity status of children and adolescents in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus . Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi,7 (1) , 11-20 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tchd/issue/44391/549263
  • Kenđel Jovanović, G., Dragaš Zubalj, N., Klobučar Majanović, S., Rahelić, D., Rahelić, V., Vučak Lončar, J., & Pavičić Žeželj, S. (2021). The outcome of COVID-19 lockdown on changes in body mass index and lifestyle among Croatian schoolchildren: a crosssectional study. Nutrients, 13(11), 3788. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113788
  • Kırşan, M. & Özcan, B. A. (2021). Adölesanlarda sağlık okuryazarlığı ve beslenme okuryazarlığının diyet kalitesine etkisi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (27), 532-538. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.962135
  • Kuru Yasar, R. & Üstün Aytekin, Ö. (2021). COVID-19 ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiye güncel bir bakış. Akademik Gıda, 19 (1) , 108- 115. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927735
  • Lee S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  • Mendeş, B., Can, B., & Yılmaz, S. (2022). COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin kaygı düzeylerinin ve ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (16), 258-270.
  • https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1062225 Nittari, G., Scuri, S., Petrelli, F., Pirillo, I., di Luca, N. M., & Grappasonni, I. (2019). Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. La Clinica Terapeutica, 170(3), e223–e230. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2019.2137
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Philippe, K., Chabanet, C., Issanchou, S., & Monnery-Patris, S. (2021). Child eating behaviors, parental feeding practices and food shopping motivations during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: (How) did they change? Appetite, 161, 105132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105132
  • Ren, J., Li, X., Chen, S., Chen, S., & Nie, Y. (2020). The influence of factors such as parenting stress and social support on the state anxiety in parents of special needs children during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 565393.
  • Schou, T. M., Joca, S., Wegener, G., & Bay-Richter, C. (2021). Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 - A systematic review. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 97, 328–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.018
  • Seremet Kürklü, N. , Kamarlı Altun, H. & Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisinde sosyal izolasyonun çocuklarda beslenme alışkanlıkları, diyet kalitesi, yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve obezite üzerine etkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi , 9 (1) , 15-22. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.959674
  • Serra-Majem, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., PérezRodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain, Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931–935. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2004556
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Nur Elçi 0009-0003-5266-5450

Başak Can 0000-0002-0608-6496

Sine Yılmaz 0000-0002-2592-9057

Publication Date August 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Elçi, E. N., Can, B., & Yılmaz, S. (2023). Parental Anxiety and Children’s Mediterranean Diet Quality Index during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1278492
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