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Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones

Year 2017, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 219 - 233, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.285917

Abstract

The present work attempts to determine the
most suitable surface processing techniques and environment conditions to
reduce the slipping risk of pedestrians while walking barefoot and wearing
shoes on natural stone floor coverings. In this study, coefficients of friction
(COF) of surface-processed natural stones with three different methods were
determined by using DIN EN 51097, DIN EN 51130 and TS EN 14231 standards.
Coefficients of friction (COF) have been determined by using ramp test
equipment and a pendulum method on 15 different types of dimensioned-classified
rocks applied with polishing, honing, patinated and tumbling surface processing
techniques. It was found that the parameters that affected COF values of the
natural stones were environment conditions (wet, dry and lubricated) and the
applied surface processing techniques. The natural stones were then grouped
according to places for safe utilization depending on COF values and surface
roughness, according to the statistical results.

References

  • [1]. Adams, N., 1997; “Slips and Falls-Some Arguments About Measuring Coefficients ofFriction (COF)”, Ergonomics [2] Bowman, R., 2003; “Slip Resistance Ignorance: A Recipefor Costly Falls”, www.infotile.com/tiletoday/issues/pdf/40article.pdf.
  • [2]. Bowman R (2004) Practical Aspects of Slip Resistance of Stone, see http://www.discoveringstone.com (accessed 29/05/2011).
  • [3]. Bowman R (2010) Slip Resistance Testing-Zones of Uncertainty. Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidrio, Vol. 49(4), pp. 227-238.
  • [4]. Chang, W.R., 1999; “The effect of surface roughness on the measurement of slip resistance”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 24, 299-313.
  • [5]. Chang WR, Matz S (2001) The slip resistance of common footwear materials measured with two slipmeters. Applied Ergonomics 32(6): 540-558.
  • [6]. Chang WR, Kim IJ, Manning DP, Bunterngchit Y (2001) The role of surface roughness in the measurement of slipperiness. Ergonomics 44(13): 1200-1216.
  • [7]. Coşkun, G., 2013. Karbonat Kökenli Bazı Doğal Taşlarda Yüzey İşleme Tekniklerinin ve Pürüzlülüğün Kayma Direncine Etkileri”, Doktora Tezi., Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 293,2013.
  • [8]. Çoşkun, G., Sarıışık, G., & Sarıışık, A. (2016). Classification of parameters affecting slip safety of limestones. Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1217821.
  • [9]. DIN EN 51097, 1992; “Testing of floor Coverings; Determination of The Anti-Slip Properties; Wet Loaded Barefoot Areas; Walking Method-Ramp Test”, Deutsche Norm, Berlin.
  • [10]. DIN EN 51130, 1992; “Testing of Floor Coverings; Determination of The Anti-Slip Properties; Workrooms and Fields of Activities with Slip Danger; Walking Method; Ramp Test”, Deutsche Norm, Berlin
  • [11]. Grönqvist, R., 1995; “Mechanisms of friction and assessment of slip resistance of new and used footwear sales on contaminated metals”, Ergonomics, 38, 224–41.
  • [12]. Grönqvist R, Hirvonen M, Tohv A (1999) Evaluation of three portable floor slipperiness testers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 25, 85-95.
  • [13]. Gabbrielli Katalog,2011
  • [14]. Kim, I.J., 1996; “Microscopic investigation to analyze the slip resistance of shoes”, Proceedings of the Fourth Pan Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, November. Taiwan, ROC, 68-73.
  • [15]. Kim, I.J., 2001; “Microscopic observations of the progressive wear on shoe surfaces that affect the slip resistance characteristics”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28, 17-29.
  • [16]. Kim, I., Smith, R., 2000. Observation of the foor surface topography changes in pedestrian slip resistance measurements. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 26, 581-601.
  • [17]. Kim, I., 2004a. Development of a new analyzing model for quantifying pedestrian slip resistance characteristics: part I - basic concepts and theories. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33, 395-401.
  • [18]. Kim, I., 2004b. Development of a new analyzing model for quantifying pedestrian slip resistance characteristics: part II – experiments and validations. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33, 403-414.
  • [19]. Leclercq, S., 1999. The prevention of slipping accidents: a review and discussion of work related to the methodology of measuring slip resistance. Safety Science 31, 95–125.
  • [20]. Manning, D.P., Jones, C., Rowland ,F.J., Roff, M., 1998; “The surface roughness of a rubber soling material determines the coefficient of friction on water-lubricated surfaces”, Journal of Safety Research, 29, 275–283.
  • [21]. Powers CM, Kulig K, Flynn J, Brault JR (1999) Repeatability and bias of two walkway safety tribometers. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 27(6): 368-374.
  • [22]. Ricotti R, Delucchi M, Cerisola G (2009) A comparison of results from portable and laboratory floor slipperiness testers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39, 353-357.
  • [23]. Rowland FJ, Jones C, Manning DP (1996) Surface roughness of footwear soling materials: Relevance to slip resistance. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 24 (6), 368–376. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1520/JTE11459J.
  • [24]. Sarıışık A (2009) Safety analysis of slipping barefoot on marble covered wet areas. Safety Science 47(10): 417-1428.
  • [25]. Sarıışık A, Akdaş H, Sarıışık G, Çoşkun G (2011) Slip Safety Analysis of Differently Surface Processed Dimension Marbles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 39, No. 5.
  • [26]. Strandberg, L., 1983. Ergonomics applied to slipping accidents. In: Kvalseth, T.O. (Ed.), Ergonomics of Workstation Design. Butterworths, London, pp. 201-228.
  • [27]. TS EN 14231 (2004) “Natural Stone Test Methods-Determination of the Slip Resistance by Means of the Pendulum Tester,” Turkish Standards Institute, p.13.

Doğal Taşların Sürtünme Katsayılarını (COF) Belirleyerek Yüzey Özelliklerinin Kayma Güvenlik Risk Analizi

Year 2017, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 219 - 233, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.285917

Abstract

Çalışmada yalınayak ve ayakkabı ile yürürken doğal taş
zemin kaplamalarında yayaların kayma riskini azaltmak için en uygun yüzey
işleme tekniklerini ve çevre koşullarını belirlemeye çalışılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada DIN EN 51097, DIN EN 51130 ve TS EN 14231 standartları kullanılarak üç
farklı yöntemle yüzeyleri işlenmiş doğal taşların sürtünme katsayıları (COF)
belirlenmiştir. Sürtünme katsayıları (COF), cilalı, honlu, patinatolu ve eskitilmiş
yüzey işleme teknikleri ile uygulanan boyutlandırılmış sınıflandırılmış 15
farklı doğal taş üzerinde eğik düzlem testi ve pandül yöntemi kullanılarak
belirlenmiştir. Doğal taşların COF değerlerini etkileyen parametrelerin ortam koşulları
(yaş, kuru ve yağlı) ve uygulanan yüzey işleme teknikleri olduğu bulunmuştur. Doğal
taşların istatistiksel sonuçlara göre COF değerlerine bağlı olarak güvenli
kullanım alanlarına göre sınıflandırılmıştır.

References

  • [1]. Adams, N., 1997; “Slips and Falls-Some Arguments About Measuring Coefficients ofFriction (COF)”, Ergonomics [2] Bowman, R., 2003; “Slip Resistance Ignorance: A Recipefor Costly Falls”, www.infotile.com/tiletoday/issues/pdf/40article.pdf.
  • [2]. Bowman R (2004) Practical Aspects of Slip Resistance of Stone, see http://www.discoveringstone.com (accessed 29/05/2011).
  • [3]. Bowman R (2010) Slip Resistance Testing-Zones of Uncertainty. Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidrio, Vol. 49(4), pp. 227-238.
  • [4]. Chang, W.R., 1999; “The effect of surface roughness on the measurement of slip resistance”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 24, 299-313.
  • [5]. Chang WR, Matz S (2001) The slip resistance of common footwear materials measured with two slipmeters. Applied Ergonomics 32(6): 540-558.
  • [6]. Chang WR, Kim IJ, Manning DP, Bunterngchit Y (2001) The role of surface roughness in the measurement of slipperiness. Ergonomics 44(13): 1200-1216.
  • [7]. Coşkun, G., 2013. Karbonat Kökenli Bazı Doğal Taşlarda Yüzey İşleme Tekniklerinin ve Pürüzlülüğün Kayma Direncine Etkileri”, Doktora Tezi., Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 293,2013.
  • [8]. Çoşkun, G., Sarıışık, G., & Sarıışık, A. (2016). Classification of parameters affecting slip safety of limestones. Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1217821.
  • [9]. DIN EN 51097, 1992; “Testing of floor Coverings; Determination of The Anti-Slip Properties; Wet Loaded Barefoot Areas; Walking Method-Ramp Test”, Deutsche Norm, Berlin.
  • [10]. DIN EN 51130, 1992; “Testing of Floor Coverings; Determination of The Anti-Slip Properties; Workrooms and Fields of Activities with Slip Danger; Walking Method; Ramp Test”, Deutsche Norm, Berlin
  • [11]. Grönqvist, R., 1995; “Mechanisms of friction and assessment of slip resistance of new and used footwear sales on contaminated metals”, Ergonomics, 38, 224–41.
  • [12]. Grönqvist R, Hirvonen M, Tohv A (1999) Evaluation of three portable floor slipperiness testers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 25, 85-95.
  • [13]. Gabbrielli Katalog,2011
  • [14]. Kim, I.J., 1996; “Microscopic investigation to analyze the slip resistance of shoes”, Proceedings of the Fourth Pan Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, November. Taiwan, ROC, 68-73.
  • [15]. Kim, I.J., 2001; “Microscopic observations of the progressive wear on shoe surfaces that affect the slip resistance characteristics”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28, 17-29.
  • [16]. Kim, I., Smith, R., 2000. Observation of the foor surface topography changes in pedestrian slip resistance measurements. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 26, 581-601.
  • [17]. Kim, I., 2004a. Development of a new analyzing model for quantifying pedestrian slip resistance characteristics: part I - basic concepts and theories. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33, 395-401.
  • [18]. Kim, I., 2004b. Development of a new analyzing model for quantifying pedestrian slip resistance characteristics: part II – experiments and validations. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33, 403-414.
  • [19]. Leclercq, S., 1999. The prevention of slipping accidents: a review and discussion of work related to the methodology of measuring slip resistance. Safety Science 31, 95–125.
  • [20]. Manning, D.P., Jones, C., Rowland ,F.J., Roff, M., 1998; “The surface roughness of a rubber soling material determines the coefficient of friction on water-lubricated surfaces”, Journal of Safety Research, 29, 275–283.
  • [21]. Powers CM, Kulig K, Flynn J, Brault JR (1999) Repeatability and bias of two walkway safety tribometers. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 27(6): 368-374.
  • [22]. Ricotti R, Delucchi M, Cerisola G (2009) A comparison of results from portable and laboratory floor slipperiness testers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39, 353-357.
  • [23]. Rowland FJ, Jones C, Manning DP (1996) Surface roughness of footwear soling materials: Relevance to slip resistance. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 24 (6), 368–376. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1520/JTE11459J.
  • [24]. Sarıışık A (2009) Safety analysis of slipping barefoot on marble covered wet areas. Safety Science 47(10): 417-1428.
  • [25]. Sarıışık A, Akdaş H, Sarıışık G, Çoşkun G (2011) Slip Safety Analysis of Differently Surface Processed Dimension Marbles. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 39, No. 5.
  • [26]. Strandberg, L., 1983. Ergonomics applied to slipping accidents. In: Kvalseth, T.O. (Ed.), Ergonomics of Workstation Design. Butterworths, London, pp. 201-228.
  • [27]. TS EN 14231 (2004) “Natural Stone Test Methods-Determination of the Slip Resistance by Means of the Pendulum Tester,” Turkish Standards Institute, p.13.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Special
Authors

Gültekin Çoşkun

Gencay Sarıışık

Publication Date April 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 38 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çoşkun, G., & Sarıışık, G. (2017). Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(2), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.285917
AMA Çoşkun G, Sarıışık G. Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. April 2017;38(2):219-233. doi:10.17776/cumuscij.285917
Chicago Çoşkun, Gültekin, and Gencay Sarıışık. “Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38, no. 2 (April 2017): 219-33. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.285917.
EndNote Çoşkun G, Sarıışık G (April 1, 2017) Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38 2 219–233.
IEEE G. Çoşkun and G. Sarıışık, “Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 219–233, 2017, doi: 10.17776/cumuscij.285917.
ISNAD Çoşkun, Gültekin - Sarıışık, Gencay. “Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38/2 (April 2017), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.285917.
JAMA Çoşkun G, Sarıışık G. Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;38:219–233.
MLA Çoşkun, Gültekin and Gencay Sarıışık. “Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 2, 2017, pp. 219-33, doi:10.17776/cumuscij.285917.
Vancouver Çoşkun G, Sarıışık G. Slip Safety Risk Analysis of Surface Properties by Determining Coefficients of Friction (COF) of Natural Stones. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;38(2):219-33.