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Evaluation of food consumption and physical activity status in patients with schizophrenia

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 409 - 418, 02.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1239968

Abstract

Purpose: Unhealthy lifestyle factors make up a significant proportion of the factors that cause high morbidity and mortality risk. The life span of patients with schizophrenia is 10–20 years less than that of the general population due to lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of this study is to compare with healthy individuals the nutritional habits, nutritional status, and physical activity levels of schizophrenic patients.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25–55-year-old 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional habits, three-day food consumption and a 24-hour retrospective physical activity records were collected.
Results: Dietary energy, protein, total fat, cholesterol, and fiber intakes were found to be lower only in female schizophrenia patients than in their healthy counterparts. Patients with schizophrenia presented with lower intakes of dietary thiamine, niacin, iron, and zinc compared to healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia recorded lower physical activity levels compared to healthy controls (1.59±0.22 and 1.77±0.17 respectively ).
Conclusion: Unhealthy diet and sedentary life observed in patients with schizophrenia can lead to the development of serious medical comorbidities and to an increase in the side effects of antipsychotic medications. Therefore, patients with schizophrenia should be encouraged to consume healthy diets and undertake more physical activities requires the multidisciplinary approach of specialized professionals.

References

  • WHO. International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision: World Health Organization; (2018) https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1683919430 (accessed 17 March 2021).
  • Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB. Schizophrenia. The Lancet. 2016;388:86-97.
  • Binbay T, Ulaş H, Elbi H, Alptekin K. The psychosis epidemiology in Turkey: A systematic review on prevalence estimates and admission. Turk Psychiatry J. 2011;22:40-52.
  • Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Mitchell AJ, De Hert M, Wampers M, Ward PB et al. Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. World Psychiatry. 2015;14:339-347.
  • Vancampfort D, Wampers M, Mitchell AJ, Correll CU, De Herdt A, Probst M et al. A meta‐analysis of cardio‐metabolic abnormalities in drug naïve, first‐episode and multi‐episode patients with schizophrenia versus general population controls. World Psychiatry. 2013;12:240-250.
  • Faulkner G, Cohn T, Remington G. Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006;82:225-31.
  • Rakıcıoğlu N, Acar-Tek N, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Photograph catalog of food and dishes: portion sizes and amounts 8th edition. Ankara, Merdiven Publishing House. 2022.
  • Kutluay-Merdol T. Standart recipes for institutions, 3st edition. Hatiboğlu Publishing House, Ankara. 2003.
  • Bebis. Nutrition Data Base Software. Data base: the german food code and nutrient data base (BLS II.3, 1999) with additions from USDA-sr and other sources. Istanbul. https://bebis.com.tr/bebis-1.
  • Besler HT, Rakıcıoğlu N, Ayaz A, Büyüktuncer-Demirel Z, Gökmen-Özel H, Samur G et al. Turkey dietary guidelines. 1st Edition. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (pp. 86-88). Ankara, Merdiven Publishing House. 2015.
  • Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Community nutritional assessment. Assessment of ecological variables II. Food considerations. Oxford: Oxford Medical Pub. 1989:221.
  • Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Weber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:69-74.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization. Human energy requirements, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation.: Food Nutr Tech Rep Ser 2001 http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e/y5686e08.htm. (accessed 17 March 2021).
  • Costa R, Bastos T, Probst M, Seabra A, Abreu S, Vilhena E et al. Association of lifestyle-related factors and psychological factors on quality of life in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2018;267:382-93.
  • Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Phillips ML. Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives. The Lancet. 2012;379:1045-55.
  • Patterson TL, Goldman S, McKibbin CL, Hughs T, Jeste DV. UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment: development of a new measure of everyday functioning for severely mentally ill adults. Schizophr Bull. 2001;27:235-45.
  • Simonelli‐Muñoz AJ, Fortea MI, Salorio P, Gallego‐Gomez JI, Sánchez‐Bautista S, Balanza S. Dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia: A self‐reported questionnaire survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2012;21:220-8.
  • Teasdale SB, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S, Samaras K, Stubbs B. Solving a weighty problem: systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions in severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;210:110-8.
  • Bohannon RW. Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18:465-70.
  • Abboud R, Noronha C, Diwadkar VA. Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;44:125-33.
  • Haruyuki I, Kumagai T, Kimura M, Koike S, Shimizu T. Dietary intake in body mass index differences in community-based Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44:639.
  • Nunes D, Eskinazi B, Camboim Rockett F, Delgado VB, Schweigert Perry ID. Nutritional status, food intake and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia in southern Brazil: A case–control study. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. 2014;7:72-9.
  • Ratliff JC, Palmese LB, Reutenauer EL, Liskov E, Grilo CM, Tek C. The effect of dietary and physical activity pattern on metabolic profile in individuals with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53:1028-33.
  • Jakobsen AS, Speyer H, Nørgaard HCB, Karlsen M, Hjorthoj C, Krogh J et al. Dietary patterns and physical activity in people with schizophrenia and increased waist circumference. Schizophr Res. 2018;199:109-15.
  • Jahrami HA, Faris MAE, Saif ZQ, Hammad LH. Assessing dietary and lifestyle risk factors and their associations with disease comorbidities among patients with schizophrenia: A case–control study from Bahrain. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017;28:115-23.
  • Minutolo G, Petralia A, Dipasquale S, Aguglia E. Nitric oxide in patients with schizophrenia: the relationship with the severity of illness and the antipsychotic treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13:1989-97.
  • Sun L, Yang X, Jiang J, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang D et al. Identification of the niacin-blunted subgroup of schizophrenia patients from mood disorders and healthy individuals in chinese population. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44:896-907.
  • Cao B, Sun XY, Zhang CB, Yan JJ, Zhao QQ, Yang SY et al. Association between B vitamins and schizophrenia: A population-based case-control study. Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:501-5.
  • Majewski M, Kozlowska A, Thoene M, Lepiarczyk E, Grzegorzewski WJ. Overview of the role of vitamins and minerals on the kynurenine pathway in health and disease. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;67:3-19.
  • Kim SW, Stewart R, Park WY, Jhon M, Lee JY, Kim SY et al. Latent iron deficiency as a marker of negative symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2018;10:1707.
  • Mortazavi M, Farzin D, Zarhghami M, Hosseini SH, Mansoori P, Nateghi GJ et al. Efficacy of zinc sulfate as an add-on therapy to risperidone versus risperidone alone in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9:e853.
  • Kurebayashi Y, Otaki J. Association between altered physical activity and neurocognitive function among people with schizophrenia: A minimum 6-months' follow-up study. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;77:45-52.
  • Curcic D, Stojmenovic T, Djukic-Dejanovic S, Dikic N, Vesic-Vukasinovic M, Radivojevic N et al. Positive impact of prescribed physical activity on symptoms of schizophrenia: randomized clinical trial. Psychiatr Danub. 2017;29:459-65.
  • Stubbs B, Firth J, Berry A, Schuch FB, Rosenbaum S, Gaughran F et al. How much physical activity do people with schizophrenia engage in? A systematic review, comparative meta-analysis and meta-regression. Schizophr Res. 2016;176:431-40.

Şizofreni tanılı hastaların besin tüketimi ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 409 - 418, 02.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1239968

Abstract

Amaç: Yüksek morbidite ve mortalite riskine neden olan etmenlerin önemli bir kısmını yanlış beslenme alışkanlıkları oluşturmaktadır. Şizofreni hastalarında yaşam tarzı ile ilgili hastalıklar nedeniyle yaşam süreleri genel popülasyona göre 10-20 yıl kadar daha azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şizofreni hastalarının beslenme alışkanlıklarını, beslenme durumlarını ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini sağlıklı bireyler ile karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 25-55 yaş arası, şizofreni veya şizoaffektif bozukluk tanısı almış 40 hasta ile yaş ve cinsiyet yönünden eşleştirilmiş 30 sağlıklı kontrol üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Sosyodemografik özellikler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, üç günlük besin tüketimi ve 24 saatlik geriye dönük fiziksel aktivite kayıtları ile ilgili veriler toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadın şizofreni hastalarında diyetle enerji, protein, toplam yağ, kolesterol ve posa alımları sağlıklı kontrollerden düşük bulunmuştur. Şizofreni hastalarında diyetle tiamin, niasin, demir ve çinko alımları sağlıklı kontrollerden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Şizofreni hastalarının sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri daha düşüktür (sırasıyla 1.59±0.22 and 1.77±0.17).
Sonuç: Şizofreni hastalarında gözlenen sağlıksız beslenme ve sedanter yaşam ciddi tıbbi komorbiditelerin gelişmesine ve antipsikotik ilaçların yan etkilerinin artmasına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, şizofreni hastalarının sağlıklı beslenmeleri ve daha fazla fiziksel aktivite yapmaları için teşvik edilmesi, uzman profesyonel multidisipliner yaklaşımını gerektirir.

References

  • WHO. International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision: World Health Organization; (2018) https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1683919430 (accessed 17 March 2021).
  • Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB. Schizophrenia. The Lancet. 2016;388:86-97.
  • Binbay T, Ulaş H, Elbi H, Alptekin K. The psychosis epidemiology in Turkey: A systematic review on prevalence estimates and admission. Turk Psychiatry J. 2011;22:40-52.
  • Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Mitchell AJ, De Hert M, Wampers M, Ward PB et al. Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. World Psychiatry. 2015;14:339-347.
  • Vancampfort D, Wampers M, Mitchell AJ, Correll CU, De Herdt A, Probst M et al. A meta‐analysis of cardio‐metabolic abnormalities in drug naïve, first‐episode and multi‐episode patients with schizophrenia versus general population controls. World Psychiatry. 2013;12:240-250.
  • Faulkner G, Cohn T, Remington G. Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006;82:225-31.
  • Rakıcıoğlu N, Acar-Tek N, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Photograph catalog of food and dishes: portion sizes and amounts 8th edition. Ankara, Merdiven Publishing House. 2022.
  • Kutluay-Merdol T. Standart recipes for institutions, 3st edition. Hatiboğlu Publishing House, Ankara. 2003.
  • Bebis. Nutrition Data Base Software. Data base: the german food code and nutrient data base (BLS II.3, 1999) with additions from USDA-sr and other sources. Istanbul. https://bebis.com.tr/bebis-1.
  • Besler HT, Rakıcıoğlu N, Ayaz A, Büyüktuncer-Demirel Z, Gökmen-Özel H, Samur G et al. Turkey dietary guidelines. 1st Edition. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (pp. 86-88). Ankara, Merdiven Publishing House. 2015.
  • Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Community nutritional assessment. Assessment of ecological variables II. Food considerations. Oxford: Oxford Medical Pub. 1989:221.
  • Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Weber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:69-74.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization. Human energy requirements, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation.: Food Nutr Tech Rep Ser 2001 http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e/y5686e08.htm. (accessed 17 March 2021).
  • Costa R, Bastos T, Probst M, Seabra A, Abreu S, Vilhena E et al. Association of lifestyle-related factors and psychological factors on quality of life in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2018;267:382-93.
  • Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Phillips ML. Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives. The Lancet. 2012;379:1045-55.
  • Patterson TL, Goldman S, McKibbin CL, Hughs T, Jeste DV. UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment: development of a new measure of everyday functioning for severely mentally ill adults. Schizophr Bull. 2001;27:235-45.
  • Simonelli‐Muñoz AJ, Fortea MI, Salorio P, Gallego‐Gomez JI, Sánchez‐Bautista S, Balanza S. Dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia: A self‐reported questionnaire survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2012;21:220-8.
  • Teasdale SB, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S, Samaras K, Stubbs B. Solving a weighty problem: systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions in severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;210:110-8.
  • Bohannon RW. Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18:465-70.
  • Abboud R, Noronha C, Diwadkar VA. Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;44:125-33.
  • Haruyuki I, Kumagai T, Kimura M, Koike S, Shimizu T. Dietary intake in body mass index differences in community-based Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44:639.
  • Nunes D, Eskinazi B, Camboim Rockett F, Delgado VB, Schweigert Perry ID. Nutritional status, food intake and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia in southern Brazil: A case–control study. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. 2014;7:72-9.
  • Ratliff JC, Palmese LB, Reutenauer EL, Liskov E, Grilo CM, Tek C. The effect of dietary and physical activity pattern on metabolic profile in individuals with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53:1028-33.
  • Jakobsen AS, Speyer H, Nørgaard HCB, Karlsen M, Hjorthoj C, Krogh J et al. Dietary patterns and physical activity in people with schizophrenia and increased waist circumference. Schizophr Res. 2018;199:109-15.
  • Jahrami HA, Faris MAE, Saif ZQ, Hammad LH. Assessing dietary and lifestyle risk factors and their associations with disease comorbidities among patients with schizophrenia: A case–control study from Bahrain. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017;28:115-23.
  • Minutolo G, Petralia A, Dipasquale S, Aguglia E. Nitric oxide in patients with schizophrenia: the relationship with the severity of illness and the antipsychotic treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13:1989-97.
  • Sun L, Yang X, Jiang J, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang D et al. Identification of the niacin-blunted subgroup of schizophrenia patients from mood disorders and healthy individuals in chinese population. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44:896-907.
  • Cao B, Sun XY, Zhang CB, Yan JJ, Zhao QQ, Yang SY et al. Association between B vitamins and schizophrenia: A population-based case-control study. Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:501-5.
  • Majewski M, Kozlowska A, Thoene M, Lepiarczyk E, Grzegorzewski WJ. Overview of the role of vitamins and minerals on the kynurenine pathway in health and disease. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;67:3-19.
  • Kim SW, Stewart R, Park WY, Jhon M, Lee JY, Kim SY et al. Latent iron deficiency as a marker of negative symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Nutrients. 2018;10:1707.
  • Mortazavi M, Farzin D, Zarhghami M, Hosseini SH, Mansoori P, Nateghi GJ et al. Efficacy of zinc sulfate as an add-on therapy to risperidone versus risperidone alone in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9:e853.
  • Kurebayashi Y, Otaki J. Association between altered physical activity and neurocognitive function among people with schizophrenia: A minimum 6-months' follow-up study. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;77:45-52.
  • Curcic D, Stojmenovic T, Djukic-Dejanovic S, Dikic N, Vesic-Vukasinovic M, Radivojevic N et al. Positive impact of prescribed physical activity on symptoms of schizophrenia: randomized clinical trial. Psychiatr Danub. 2017;29:459-65.
  • Stubbs B, Firth J, Berry A, Schuch FB, Rosenbaum S, Gaughran F et al. How much physical activity do people with schizophrenia engage in? A systematic review, comparative meta-analysis and meta-regression. Schizophr Res. 2016;176:431-40.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Gülbin Karagöl 0000-0003-3400-0132

Emrah Songur 0000-0003-4949-0154

Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu 0000-0001-8763-7407

Early Pub Date July 9, 2023
Publication Date July 2, 2023
Acceptance Date May 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 48 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Karagöl, Gülbin et al. “Evaluation of Food Consumption and Physical Activity Status in Patients With Schizophrenia”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, 2023, pp. 409-18, doi:10.17826/cumj.1239968.