Research Article
The Relationship between University Students' Nutritional Status, Cardio-Metabolic Biomarkers and Physical Activity Levels
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status, cardiometabolic biomarkers and physical activity levels in university students.
Methods: Firstly, fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were analyzed from participants’ blood samples, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated after measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Participants’ weight, height, percentage of body fat, waist and hip circumference were measuredand body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)and a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics were applied to participants. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated from participants’24-hour dietary recall records. The statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS version 21 software. For statistical significance, the total type-1 error level was determined as 5%.
Results: Most of the participants' energy, dietary fibre, vitamins D and B1, folate, calcium and iron intakes were below recommended levels.HDL-C level was shown to be negatively correlated with total fat and saturated fatty acid intake (p<0.05). Omega-3 intakes of participants were negatively correlated with fasting plasmainsulin and HOMA-IR (p<0.05).HDL-C was negatively correlated with BMI and waist-to-hip ratio, while fasting plasmainsulin, triglyceride levels and HOMA-IRvalues were positively correlated with them (p<0.05). According to the IPAQ, it was found that 15.9% of participants had a low level of physical activity and 66.1% of them had a moderate level of physical activity.
Conclusion: It is concluded that providing nutrition education and counselling services to students, improving campus facilities for physical activity are necessary for cardiometabolic health.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Project Number
SAG-C-YLP-070617-0344
Thanks
This work has been supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under grant number SAG-C-YLP-070617-0344.
References
- Yahia N, Wang D, Rapley M, Dey R. Assessment of weight status, dietary habits and beliefs, physical activity, and nutritional knowledge among university students. Perspect Public Health 2016; 136(4):231-244.
- Nelson MC, Story M, Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Lytle LA. Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behaviour change. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16(10):2205-2211.
- Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN, et al. Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30(6):e23175.
- Daneshzad E, Shab-Bidar S, Mohammadpour Z, Djafarian K. Effect of anthocyanin supplementation on cardio-metabolic biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2019; 38(3):1153-1165.
- Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-González A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:47.
- Zaccagni L, Barbieri D, Gualdi-Russo E. Body composition and physical activity in Italian university students. J Transl Med 2014; 12:120.
- Kowalcze K, Turyk Z, Drywień M. Nutrition of students from dietetics profile education in the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities compared with students from other academic centres. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2016; 67(1):51-58.
- Plotnikoff RC, Costigan SA, Williams RL, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015;12:45.
- Belogianni K, Ooms A, Ahmed H, et al. Rationale and design of an online educational program using game-based learning to ımprove nutrition and physical activity outcomes among university students in the United Kingdom. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38(1):23-30.
- Nowak PF, Bożek A, Blukacz M. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and quality of life among university students. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019:9791281.
- Castro O, Bennie J, Vergeer I, Bosselut G, Biddle SJH. How sedentary are university students? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Sci 2020; 21(3):332-343.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(8): 1381–1395.
- Besler HT, Rakıcıoğlu N, Ayaz A, Büyüktuncer-Demirel Z, Gökmen-Özel H, Samur FG. , ... Yıldız E. Türkiye’ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi [Turkey Specific Food and Nutrition Guide]. Ankara: Merdiven Reklam Tanıtım; 2015.
- Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2019 [Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2019]. Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Sağlık Bakanlığı, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 01.11.2020.
- Akseer N, Al-Gashm S, Mehta S, Mokdad A, Bhutta ZA. Global and regional trends in the nutritional status of young people: a critical and neglected age group. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1393(1):3-20.
- Correa-Rodríguez M, Pocovi G, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Jiménez E, Rueda-Medina B. Assessment of dietary intake in Spanish university students of health sciences. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 2018; 65(5): 265-273.
- Yılmaz HÖ, Ayhan NY. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bazı beslenme alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of some nutritional habits of nursing students]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 6(1): 17-24.
- Tözün M, Sözmen MK, Babaoğlu AB. Türkiye’nin batısında bir üniversitenin sağlık ile ilişkili okullarında beslenme alışkanlıkları ve bunun obezite, fizik aktivite ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi [Nutritional habits in health-related departments of a university in the west of Turkey and its relation to obesity, physical activity and quality of life]. Türk dünyası uygulama ve araştırma merkezi halk sağlığı dergisi. 2017; 2(1):1-16.
- Soyuer F, Ünalan D, Elmalı F. Normal ağırlıklı ve obez üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite [Physical activity in normal-weight and obese university students]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010; 9(2): 862-872.
- Şanlıer N. Gençlerde biyokimyasal bulgular, antropometrik ölçümler, vücut bileşimi, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının değerlendirilmesi [Biochemical findings, anthropometric measurements, body composition, nutrition and physical activity status in young people]. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005; 25(3): 47-73.
- Açık M, Çakıroğlu FP. Yurtta kalan üniversiteli kız öğrencilerde metabolik sendrom risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of metabolic syndrome risk factors in female students staying in dorms]. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2017; 44(4): 305-314.
- Arizaga IZ, Atucha AF, Kortajarena M, Torres-Unda J, Irazusta A, Fraile-Bermudez AB. Associations of anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, and aerobic capacity with cardiovascular risk factors of health-science students. Front Nutr 2018; 5: 1-10.
- Beaudry KM, Ludwa IA, Thomas AM, Ward WE, Falk B, Josse AR. First-year university is associated with greater body weight, body composition and adverse dietary changes in males than females. PLoS One 2019; 14(7):e0218554.
- de Carvalho CA, Fonseca PC, Barbosa JB, Machado SP, dos Santos AM, da Silva AA. The association between cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric obesity indicators in university students in São Luís in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2015; 20(2):479-490.
- Genç A, Şener Ü, Karabacak H, Üçok K. Kadın ve erkek genç erişkinler arasında fiziksel aktivite ve yaşam kalitesi farklılıklarının araştırılması [Investigation of differences in physical activity and quality of life between male and female young adults]. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2011; 12(3): 145-150.
- Yıldız A, Tarakcı D, Mutluay FK. Genç erişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile vücut kompozisyonu ilişkisi: pilot çalışma [The relationship between physical activity level and body composition in young adults: a pilot study]. HSP 2015; 2(3): 297-305.
- Ruano C, Lucumi E, Albán J, Arteaga S, Fors M. Obesity and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Ecuadorian university students. First report, 2014-2015. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12(6):917-921.
- Barker ME, Blain RJ, Russell JM. The influence of academic examinations on energy and nutrient intake in male university students. Nutrition Journal 2015; 14(98): 1-7.
- Neuhouser ML. The importance of healthy dietary patterns in chronic disease prevention. Nutr Res 2019; 70:3-6.
- Kızıltan G, Karabudak E, Ünver S, Sezgin E, Ünal A. Nutritional status of university students with binge eating disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2005; 58(4) :167-171.
- García-Meseguer MJ, Burriel FC, García CV, Serrano-Urrea R. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish university population. Appetite 2014; 78:156-164.
- Medenwald D, Kluttig A, Lacruz ME, Schumann J. Serum dietary fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk - A nested case-control-study within the CARLA cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29(2):152-158.
- Rakicioglu N, Yildiz EA. Energy and nutrient intake and food patterns among Turkish university students. Nutrition Research and Practice 2011; 5(2):117-123.
- Gallo L, Moritz K, Akison L. Nutrient intake, physical activity levels, and metabolic status in Australian University biomedical students. CDN 2020; 4(2): 1404.
- Hervás G, Ruiz-Litago F, Irazusta J, Fernández-Atutxa A, Fraile-Bermúdez AB, Zarrazquin I. Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Nutrition Are Associated with Bone Status in University Students. Nutrients 2018 10(1):61.
- Mielgo-Ayuso J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, González-Gross M. Dietary ıntake and food sources of niacin, riboflavin, thiamin and vitamin B6 in a representative sample of the Spanish population. The ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2018; 10(7): 846.
- Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem, L, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Reported dietary ıntake and food sources of zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, E and C in the Spanish population: Findings from the ANIBES study. Nutrients 2017; 6;9(7):697.
- Chen L, Li Q, Fang X, Wang X, Min J, Wang F. Dietary intake of homocysteine metabolism-related B-vitamins and the risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 00:1-19.
- Malara M, Tkaczyk J, Kęska A, Lutosławska G, Mazurek K. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus dietary intake inactive and sedentary Polish students. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2017; 9(1), 140-145.
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Yusuf S. Sodium intake and cardiovascular health. Circ Res 2015; 116(6):1046-1057.
Year 2021,
Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 495 - 503, 27.09.2021
Abstract
Project Number
SAG-C-YLP-070617-0344
References
- Yahia N, Wang D, Rapley M, Dey R. Assessment of weight status, dietary habits and beliefs, physical activity, and nutritional knowledge among university students. Perspect Public Health 2016; 136(4):231-244.
- Nelson MC, Story M, Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Lytle LA. Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behaviour change. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16(10):2205-2211.
- Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN, et al. Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30(6):e23175.
- Daneshzad E, Shab-Bidar S, Mohammadpour Z, Djafarian K. Effect of anthocyanin supplementation on cardio-metabolic biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2019; 38(3):1153-1165.
- Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-González A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:47.
- Zaccagni L, Barbieri D, Gualdi-Russo E. Body composition and physical activity in Italian university students. J Transl Med 2014; 12:120.
- Kowalcze K, Turyk Z, Drywień M. Nutrition of students from dietetics profile education in the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities compared with students from other academic centres. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2016; 67(1):51-58.
- Plotnikoff RC, Costigan SA, Williams RL, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015;12:45.
- Belogianni K, Ooms A, Ahmed H, et al. Rationale and design of an online educational program using game-based learning to ımprove nutrition and physical activity outcomes among university students in the United Kingdom. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38(1):23-30.
- Nowak PF, Bożek A, Blukacz M. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and quality of life among university students. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019:9791281.
- Castro O, Bennie J, Vergeer I, Bosselut G, Biddle SJH. How sedentary are university students? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Sci 2020; 21(3):332-343.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(8): 1381–1395.
- Besler HT, Rakıcıoğlu N, Ayaz A, Büyüktuncer-Demirel Z, Gökmen-Özel H, Samur FG. , ... Yıldız E. Türkiye’ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi [Turkey Specific Food and Nutrition Guide]. Ankara: Merdiven Reklam Tanıtım; 2015.
- Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2019 [Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2019]. Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Sağlık Bakanlığı, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 01.11.2020.
- Akseer N, Al-Gashm S, Mehta S, Mokdad A, Bhutta ZA. Global and regional trends in the nutritional status of young people: a critical and neglected age group. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1393(1):3-20.
- Correa-Rodríguez M, Pocovi G, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Jiménez E, Rueda-Medina B. Assessment of dietary intake in Spanish university students of health sciences. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 2018; 65(5): 265-273.
- Yılmaz HÖ, Ayhan NY. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bazı beslenme alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of some nutritional habits of nursing students]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 6(1): 17-24.
- Tözün M, Sözmen MK, Babaoğlu AB. Türkiye’nin batısında bir üniversitenin sağlık ile ilişkili okullarında beslenme alışkanlıkları ve bunun obezite, fizik aktivite ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi [Nutritional habits in health-related departments of a university in the west of Turkey and its relation to obesity, physical activity and quality of life]. Türk dünyası uygulama ve araştırma merkezi halk sağlığı dergisi. 2017; 2(1):1-16.
- Soyuer F, Ünalan D, Elmalı F. Normal ağırlıklı ve obez üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite [Physical activity in normal-weight and obese university students]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010; 9(2): 862-872.
- Şanlıer N. Gençlerde biyokimyasal bulgular, antropometrik ölçümler, vücut bileşimi, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının değerlendirilmesi [Biochemical findings, anthropometric measurements, body composition, nutrition and physical activity status in young people]. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005; 25(3): 47-73.
- Açık M, Çakıroğlu FP. Yurtta kalan üniversiteli kız öğrencilerde metabolik sendrom risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of metabolic syndrome risk factors in female students staying in dorms]. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2017; 44(4): 305-314.
- Arizaga IZ, Atucha AF, Kortajarena M, Torres-Unda J, Irazusta A, Fraile-Bermudez AB. Associations of anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, and aerobic capacity with cardiovascular risk factors of health-science students. Front Nutr 2018; 5: 1-10.
- Beaudry KM, Ludwa IA, Thomas AM, Ward WE, Falk B, Josse AR. First-year university is associated with greater body weight, body composition and adverse dietary changes in males than females. PLoS One 2019; 14(7):e0218554.
- de Carvalho CA, Fonseca PC, Barbosa JB, Machado SP, dos Santos AM, da Silva AA. The association between cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric obesity indicators in university students in São Luís in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2015; 20(2):479-490.
- Genç A, Şener Ü, Karabacak H, Üçok K. Kadın ve erkek genç erişkinler arasında fiziksel aktivite ve yaşam kalitesi farklılıklarının araştırılması [Investigation of differences in physical activity and quality of life between male and female young adults]. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2011; 12(3): 145-150.
- Yıldız A, Tarakcı D, Mutluay FK. Genç erişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile vücut kompozisyonu ilişkisi: pilot çalışma [The relationship between physical activity level and body composition in young adults: a pilot study]. HSP 2015; 2(3): 297-305.
- Ruano C, Lucumi E, Albán J, Arteaga S, Fors M. Obesity and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Ecuadorian university students. First report, 2014-2015. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12(6):917-921.
- Barker ME, Blain RJ, Russell JM. The influence of academic examinations on energy and nutrient intake in male university students. Nutrition Journal 2015; 14(98): 1-7.
- Neuhouser ML. The importance of healthy dietary patterns in chronic disease prevention. Nutr Res 2019; 70:3-6.
- Kızıltan G, Karabudak E, Ünver S, Sezgin E, Ünal A. Nutritional status of university students with binge eating disorder. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2005; 58(4) :167-171.
- García-Meseguer MJ, Burriel FC, García CV, Serrano-Urrea R. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish university population. Appetite 2014; 78:156-164.
- Medenwald D, Kluttig A, Lacruz ME, Schumann J. Serum dietary fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk - A nested case-control-study within the CARLA cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29(2):152-158.
- Rakicioglu N, Yildiz EA. Energy and nutrient intake and food patterns among Turkish university students. Nutrition Research and Practice 2011; 5(2):117-123.
- Gallo L, Moritz K, Akison L. Nutrient intake, physical activity levels, and metabolic status in Australian University biomedical students. CDN 2020; 4(2): 1404.
- Hervás G, Ruiz-Litago F, Irazusta J, Fernández-Atutxa A, Fraile-Bermúdez AB, Zarrazquin I. Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Nutrition Are Associated with Bone Status in University Students. Nutrients 2018 10(1):61.
- Mielgo-Ayuso J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, González-Gross M. Dietary ıntake and food sources of niacin, riboflavin, thiamin and vitamin B6 in a representative sample of the Spanish population. The ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2018; 10(7): 846.
- Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem, L, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Reported dietary ıntake and food sources of zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, E and C in the Spanish population: Findings from the ANIBES study. Nutrients 2017; 6;9(7):697.
- Chen L, Li Q, Fang X, Wang X, Min J, Wang F. Dietary intake of homocysteine metabolism-related B-vitamins and the risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 00:1-19.
- Malara M, Tkaczyk J, Kęska A, Lutosławska G, Mazurek K. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus dietary intake inactive and sedentary Polish students. Biomedical Human Kinetics 2017; 9(1), 140-145.
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Yusuf S. Sodium intake and cardiovascular health. Circ Res 2015; 116(6):1046-1057.
There are 40 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | SAG-C-YLP-070617-0344 |
| Publication Date | September 27, 2021 |
| Submission Date | November 3, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 3 |
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