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Sarkopenide Diyet Yaklaşımları ve Proteinlerle İlişkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 188 - 201, 30.08.2023

Gökçen Kınay Mehtap Akçil Ok

Abstract

Sarkopeni, olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkili kas kütlesi ve işlevinin hızlanmış kaybını içeren ilerleyici ve
yaygın bir iskelet kası bozukluğudur. Sarkopeni, yalnızca yaşa bağlı bir sorun olarak değil, aynı zamanda
bir dizi uzun vadeli durumla da ilişkili bir sorun olarak giderek daha fazla tanınmaktadır. Düşük enerji alımı,
yetersiz fiziksel aktivite, kas metabolizmasında meydana gelen değişiklikler, kronik inflamasyon, oksidatif
stres gibi durumlara bağlı ortaya çıkan multifaktöriyel bir durumdur. Avrupa Yaşlı Bireylerde Sarkopeni
Çalışma Grubu-2 (EWGSOP-2) kriterlerine göre kas gücü, kas kütlesi ve fiziksel performans ölçümlerine
dayalı bir tanı yöntemi bulunmaktadır. İlaçla tedavisi olmayıp, direnç egzersizleri ve diyet düzenlemeleri ile
birlikte tedavi edilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Protein alımının sağlıklı bireylerden yüksek olmasının
(1,2-1,5 g/kg/gün) sarkopeni tedavisinde etkili olduğu ancak yüksek protein verirken böbrek fonksiyonlarının
da değerlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bazı spesifik aminositlerin de sarkopeni tedavisinde etkili
olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Lösin protein sentezi için uyarıcı olarak, hidroksi metil bütirat katobolizmayı
önleyici bir ajan olarak kas kaybının önlenmesinde etkin olmaktadır. Arjinin ise kan akışını arttırarak,
oksidatif stres ve inflamasyonu azaltarak ve mTOR hücre sinyal yolağını düzenleyerek kas protein sentezini
uyarmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sarkopenide diyet yaklaşımları ve arjinin, lösin gibi bazı spesifik aminoasitlerin
ve proteinlerin sarkopeni ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Sarkopeni sarkopeni tedavisi proteinler aminoasitler

References

  • Aoki, K., Sakuma, M., Endo, N. (2018). The impact of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on physical function in communitydwelling elderly individuals: a randomized trial. J Orthop Sci, 23, 682–687.
  • Barazzoni, R., Bischoff, S. C., Boirie, Y., vd. (2018). Sarcopenic obesity: time to meet the challenge. Clin Nutr., 37, 1787–1793.
  • Becker, C., Lord, S. R., Studenski, S.A., vd. (2015). Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 3, 948–57.
  • Bloom, I., Shand, C., Cooper C., Robinson, S., Baird, J. (2018). Diet quality and sarcepenia in older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients, 10, 303-308.
  • Cesari, M., Fielding, R. A., Pahor, M., vd. (2012). Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trialsrecommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 3, 181–190.
  • Chen, L. K., Arai, H., Assantachai, P., Akishita, M., vd. (2022). Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13, 1653–1672.
  • Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., vd. (2019). Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 48, 16–31.
  • Curz-Jenfort, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., vd. (2010). Sarcopenia: European concensus on definition and dignosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Peeople. Ageing, 39, 412-423.
  • Cruz-Jenfort, A. J., Sayer, A. (2019). Sarcopenia. Lancet, 393, 2636-2646.
  • De Spiegeleer, A., Beckwee, D., Bautmans, I., Petrovic, M. (2018). Pharmacological interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Drugs Aging, 35, 719–734.
  • Dodds, R. M., Kuh, D., Aihie Sayer, A., Cooper, R. (2013). Physical activity levels across adult life and grip strength in early old age: updating findings from a British birth cohort. Age Ageing, 42, 794–798.
  • Dzik, K. P., Kaczor, J. J. (2019). Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol, 119, 825–839.
  • Faulkner, J. A., Larkin, L. M., Claflin, D. R., Brooks, S. V. (2007). Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol, 34, 1091–1096.
  • Ferrucci, L., Harris, T. B., Guralnik, J. M., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Cohen, H. J., Penninx, B., Pahor, M., Wallace, R., Havlik, R. J. (1999). Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 47, 639–646.
  • Gielen, E., O’Neill, T. W., Pye, S. R., vd. (2015). Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middleaged and elderly European men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 6, 242–252.
  • Güzel, Y. (2010). Aktif bireylerde düzenli egzersizle birlikte beta-hidroksi betametilbütirat (HMB) tüketiminin vücut kompozisyonu ve kan lipitleri üzerine etkisi. (Uzmanlık tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Programı, Ankara. (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp)
  • Li, C., Kang, B., Zhang, T., Gu, H., Song, P., Chen, J., vd. (2020). Dietary pattern and dietary energy from fat associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people: a cross-sectional study in three regions of China. Nutrients,12, 3670-3689.
  • Lin, C. C., Shih, M. H., Chen, C. D., Yeh, S. L. (2021). Effects of adequate dietary protein with whey protein, leucine, and vitamin D supplementation on sarcopenia in older adults: an open-label, parallel-group study. Clin Nutr, 40, 1323–1329.
  • Marty, E., Liu, Y., Samuel, A., Or, O., Lane, J. (2017). A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone, 105, 276–286.
  • Ma, S. L., Wu, J., Zhu, L., Chan, R. S., Wang, X., Huang, D., vd. (2021). Peripheral blood T cell gene expression responses to exercise and HMB in sarcopenia. Nutrients, 13, 2301-2313.
  • Mayhew, A. J., Amog, K., Phillips, S., vd. (2019). The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Age Ageing, 48, 48–56.
  • Mori, H., Tokuda, Y. (2018). Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: a randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int,18,1398–1404.
  • Otsuka, Y., Iidaka, T., Horii, C., Muraki, S., Oka, H., Nakamura, K., vd. (2021). Dietary intake of vitamin E and fats associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese people: a cross-sectional study from the fifth survey of the ROAD study. Nutrients, 13, 1730.
  • Paddon-Jones, D., Borsheim, E., Wolfe, R. R. (2004). Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation. J Nutr, 10, 2888-2894.
  • Papanicolaou, D. A., Ather, S. N., Zhu, H., vd. (2013). A phase IIA randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), MK-0773 in female participants with sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging, 17, 533–543.
  • Patel, H. P., Jameson, K. A., Syddall, H. E., Martin, H. J., Stewart, C. E., Cooper, C., Sayer, A. A. (2012). Developmental influences, muscle morphology, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older men. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci, 67, 82–87.
  • Peng, L. N., Yu, P. C., Lee, H. F., Lin, M. H., Chen, L. K. (2021). Protein-enriched diet improved muscle endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity: results from a randomized controlled trial among middle-aged and older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 96, 104436.
  • Ryall, J. G., Schertzer, J. D., Lynch, G. S. (2008). Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying agerelated skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Biogerontology, 9, 213–228. Sansoni, P., Vescovini, R., Fagnoni, F., Biasini, C., Zanni, F., Zanlari, L., Telera, A., Lucchini, G., Passeri, G., Monti, D., vd. (2008). The immune system in extreme longevity. Exp. Gerontol., 43, 61-65.
  • Papadopoulou, S. K. (2020). Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations, Nutrients, 12, 1205-1293.
  • Sayer, A. A., Robinson, S. M., Patel, H. P., Shavlakadze, T., Cooper, C., Grounds, M. D. (2013). New horizons in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. Age Ageing, 42, 1145– 1150.
  • Sayer, A. A., Syddall, H., Martin, H., Patel, H., Baylis, D., Cooper, C. (2008). The developmental origins of sarcopenia. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 12, 427–432.
  • Tay, L., Ding, Y. Y., Leung, B. P., Ismail, N. H., Yeo, A., Yew, S., Tay, K. S., Tan, C. H., Chong, M. S. (2015). Sex-specific di_erences in risk factors for sarcopenia amongst community-dwelling older adults. Age (Omaha), 37, 121.
  • Visser, M., Schaap, L. A. (2011). Consequences of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med, 27, 387–399.
  • Vitale, J. A., Bonato, M., La Torre, A., Banfi, G. (2019). The role of the molecular clock in promoting skeletal muscle growth and protecting against sarcopenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 20, 4302-4318.
  • Wu, P. Y., Huang, K. S., Chen, K. M., Chou, C. P., Tu, Y. K. (2021). Exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutrition in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network metaanalysis. Maturitas, 145, 38–48.
  • Xu, J., Wan, C. S., Krotis, K., Reijnierse E. M., Maier, A. B. (2022). Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in adults: a sistematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology, 68, 361–376.
  • Yao, K., Yin, Y. L., Chu, W., Liu, Z., Deng, D., Li, T., Huang, R., Zhang, J., Tan, B., Wang, W., and Wu, G. (2008). Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. J Nutr., 138, 867–872.
  • Yu, R., Wong, M., Leung, J., Lee, J., Auyeung, T. W., Woo, J. (2014). Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 14 (1), 15-28.

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 188 - 201, 30.08.2023

Gökçen Kınay Mehtap Akçil Ok

Abstract

References

  • Aoki, K., Sakuma, M., Endo, N. (2018). The impact of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on physical function in communitydwelling elderly individuals: a randomized trial. J Orthop Sci, 23, 682–687.
  • Barazzoni, R., Bischoff, S. C., Boirie, Y., vd. (2018). Sarcopenic obesity: time to meet the challenge. Clin Nutr., 37, 1787–1793.
  • Becker, C., Lord, S. R., Studenski, S.A., vd. (2015). Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 3, 948–57.
  • Bloom, I., Shand, C., Cooper C., Robinson, S., Baird, J. (2018). Diet quality and sarcepenia in older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients, 10, 303-308.
  • Cesari, M., Fielding, R. A., Pahor, M., vd. (2012). Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trialsrecommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 3, 181–190.
  • Chen, L. K., Arai, H., Assantachai, P., Akishita, M., vd. (2022). Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13, 1653–1672.
  • Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., vd. (2019). Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 48, 16–31.
  • Curz-Jenfort, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., vd. (2010). Sarcopenia: European concensus on definition and dignosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Peeople. Ageing, 39, 412-423.
  • Cruz-Jenfort, A. J., Sayer, A. (2019). Sarcopenia. Lancet, 393, 2636-2646.
  • De Spiegeleer, A., Beckwee, D., Bautmans, I., Petrovic, M. (2018). Pharmacological interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Drugs Aging, 35, 719–734.
  • Dodds, R. M., Kuh, D., Aihie Sayer, A., Cooper, R. (2013). Physical activity levels across adult life and grip strength in early old age: updating findings from a British birth cohort. Age Ageing, 42, 794–798.
  • Dzik, K. P., Kaczor, J. J. (2019). Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol, 119, 825–839.
  • Faulkner, J. A., Larkin, L. M., Claflin, D. R., Brooks, S. V. (2007). Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol, 34, 1091–1096.
  • Ferrucci, L., Harris, T. B., Guralnik, J. M., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Cohen, H. J., Penninx, B., Pahor, M., Wallace, R., Havlik, R. J. (1999). Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 47, 639–646.
  • Gielen, E., O’Neill, T. W., Pye, S. R., vd. (2015). Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middleaged and elderly European men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 6, 242–252.
  • Güzel, Y. (2010). Aktif bireylerde düzenli egzersizle birlikte beta-hidroksi betametilbütirat (HMB) tüketiminin vücut kompozisyonu ve kan lipitleri üzerine etkisi. (Uzmanlık tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Programı, Ankara. (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp)
  • Li, C., Kang, B., Zhang, T., Gu, H., Song, P., Chen, J., vd. (2020). Dietary pattern and dietary energy from fat associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people: a cross-sectional study in three regions of China. Nutrients,12, 3670-3689.
  • Lin, C. C., Shih, M. H., Chen, C. D., Yeh, S. L. (2021). Effects of adequate dietary protein with whey protein, leucine, and vitamin D supplementation on sarcopenia in older adults: an open-label, parallel-group study. Clin Nutr, 40, 1323–1329.
  • Marty, E., Liu, Y., Samuel, A., Or, O., Lane, J. (2017). A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone, 105, 276–286.
  • Ma, S. L., Wu, J., Zhu, L., Chan, R. S., Wang, X., Huang, D., vd. (2021). Peripheral blood T cell gene expression responses to exercise and HMB in sarcopenia. Nutrients, 13, 2301-2313.
  • Mayhew, A. J., Amog, K., Phillips, S., vd. (2019). The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Age Ageing, 48, 48–56.
  • Mori, H., Tokuda, Y. (2018). Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: a randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int,18,1398–1404.
  • Otsuka, Y., Iidaka, T., Horii, C., Muraki, S., Oka, H., Nakamura, K., vd. (2021). Dietary intake of vitamin E and fats associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese people: a cross-sectional study from the fifth survey of the ROAD study. Nutrients, 13, 1730.
  • Paddon-Jones, D., Borsheim, E., Wolfe, R. R. (2004). Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation. J Nutr, 10, 2888-2894.
  • Papanicolaou, D. A., Ather, S. N., Zhu, H., vd. (2013). A phase IIA randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), MK-0773 in female participants with sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging, 17, 533–543.
  • Patel, H. P., Jameson, K. A., Syddall, H. E., Martin, H. J., Stewart, C. E., Cooper, C., Sayer, A. A. (2012). Developmental influences, muscle morphology, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older men. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci, 67, 82–87.
  • Peng, L. N., Yu, P. C., Lee, H. F., Lin, M. H., Chen, L. K. (2021). Protein-enriched diet improved muscle endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity: results from a randomized controlled trial among middle-aged and older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 96, 104436.
  • Ryall, J. G., Schertzer, J. D., Lynch, G. S. (2008). Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying agerelated skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Biogerontology, 9, 213–228. Sansoni, P., Vescovini, R., Fagnoni, F., Biasini, C., Zanni, F., Zanlari, L., Telera, A., Lucchini, G., Passeri, G., Monti, D., vd. (2008). The immune system in extreme longevity. Exp. Gerontol., 43, 61-65.
  • Papadopoulou, S. K. (2020). Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations, Nutrients, 12, 1205-1293.
  • Sayer, A. A., Robinson, S. M., Patel, H. P., Shavlakadze, T., Cooper, C., Grounds, M. D. (2013). New horizons in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. Age Ageing, 42, 1145– 1150.
  • Sayer, A. A., Syddall, H., Martin, H., Patel, H., Baylis, D., Cooper, C. (2008). The developmental origins of sarcopenia. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 12, 427–432.
  • Tay, L., Ding, Y. Y., Leung, B. P., Ismail, N. H., Yeo, A., Yew, S., Tay, K. S., Tan, C. H., Chong, M. S. (2015). Sex-specific di_erences in risk factors for sarcopenia amongst community-dwelling older adults. Age (Omaha), 37, 121.
  • Visser, M., Schaap, L. A. (2011). Consequences of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med, 27, 387–399.
  • Vitale, J. A., Bonato, M., La Torre, A., Banfi, G. (2019). The role of the molecular clock in promoting skeletal muscle growth and protecting against sarcopenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 20, 4302-4318.
  • Wu, P. Y., Huang, K. S., Chen, K. M., Chou, C. P., Tu, Y. K. (2021). Exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutrition in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network metaanalysis. Maturitas, 145, 38–48.
  • Xu, J., Wan, C. S., Krotis, K., Reijnierse E. M., Maier, A. B. (2022). Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in adults: a sistematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology, 68, 361–376.
  • Yao, K., Yin, Y. L., Chu, W., Liu, Z., Deng, D., Li, T., Huang, R., Zhang, J., Tan, B., Wang, W., and Wu, G. (2008). Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. J Nutr., 138, 867–872.
  • Yu, R., Wong, M., Leung, J., Lee, J., Auyeung, T. W., Woo, J. (2014). Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 14 (1), 15-28.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Nutrition
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Gökçen Kınay This is me 0000-0003-2318-6621

Mehtap Akçil Ok 0000-0002-1793-8092

Publication Date August 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kınay, G., & Akçil Ok, M. (2023). Sarkopenide Diyet Yaklaşımları ve Proteinlerle İlişkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 188-201.