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Aralıklı Açlık

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 62 - 72, 30.04.2023

Betül Sarıdağ Devran Mendane Saka

Abstract

Obezite ile birlikte insülin direnci, tip 2 diyabet, metabolik sendrom gibi birçok sağlık riskleri artmaktadır. Bu sağlık risklerinden korunmanın en etkili yolu diyet ile glikoz homeostazının iyileştirilmesidir. Metabolik hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve yönetilmesinde son yıllarda öne çıkan diyet müdahalesinden ikisi, aralıklı açlık (IF) ve enerji kısıtlaması (CR)’dır. Aralıklı açlık kişinin isteyerek günün ya da haftanın belli zaman dilimlerinde düzenli olarak yemek yemeden uzak kaldığı dönemi kapsamaktadır. Aralıklı açlıkla son yıllarda obez kişilerde vücut ağırlığı kaybı, yağ ve glikoz metabolizmasında iyileşmeler görülmüştür. Çalışmalarda IF’nin metabolizma üzerindeki etkisini; insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü (IGF), rapamisin protein kompleksinin memeli hedefi (mTOR), sirtuin sinyali ve insülin duyarlılığı gibi yollar üzerinden yaptığı belirtilmiş olsa da, bu konu ile ilgili daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemede, IF’nin metabolizma üzerindeki faydalı etkilerini hangi yolla yaptığı incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Aralıklı açlık enerji kısıtlaması glukoz homeostazı

References

  • Abdullah, K., Al-Habori, M., ve Al-Eryani, E. (2020). Ramadan ıntermittent fasting affects adipokines and leptin/adiponectin ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their first-degree relatives. Bio Med Research International, 1281792, 12. doi.org/10.1155/2020/1281792
  • Anton, S.D., Moehl, K., Donahoo, W.T., Marosi, K., Lee, S.A., Mainous III, A.G., . . . Mattson, M.P. (2018). Flipping the metabolic switch: understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting. Obesity, 26(2), 254-268. doi: 10.1002/oby.22065
  • Antunes, F., Erustes, A. G., Costa, A. J., Nascimento, A. C., Bincoletto, C., Ureshino, R. P., … Smaili, S. S. (2018). Autophagy and intermittent fasting: the connection for cancer therapy? Clinics, 73, 814. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e814s
  • Baumeier, C., Kaiser, D., Heeren, J., Scheja, L., Johnc C., Weise C., … Schürmann, A. (2015) Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting alter hepatic lipid droplet proteome and diacylglycerol species and prevent diabetes in NZO mice. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1851(5), 566–576.
  • Boutant, M., Kulkarni, S. S., Joffraud, M., Raymond, F., Me´ tairon, S., Descombes, P., ve Canto, C. (2016). SIRT1 gain of function does not mimic or enhance the adaptations to ıntermittent fasting. Cell Reports, 14(9), 2068–2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.007
  • Cahill, G. F. (2006). Fuelmetabolism in starvation. Annual Reviews Nutrition, 26, 1–22. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258
  • Cohen, H.Y., Miller, C., Bitterman, K. J., Wall, N. R., Hekking, B., Kessler, B., … Sinclair, D. A. (2004). Calorie restriction promotes mammalian cell survival by inducing the SIRT1 deacetylase. Science, 305(5682), 390–392. de Cabo, R. ve Mattson, M.P. (2019). Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541-2551. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1905136
  • de Souza Marinho, T., Ornellas, F., Barbosa-da-Silva, S., Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C. A., ve Aguila, M. B. (2019). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting on steatosis and inflammation of the liver in mice fed a high-fat or a high-fructose diet. Nutrition, 65, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.020
  • Di Francesco, A., Di Germanio, C., Bernier, M. ve de Cabo, R. (2018). A time to fast. Science, 362(6416), 770-775. doi: 10.1126/science.aau2095
  • Dönder, E. ve Önalan, E. (2018). Obezitenin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi ve klinik değerlendirmesi. Fırat Tıp Dergisi/Firat Med J, 23, 1-4
  • Faris, M. A. E, Jahrami, H. A., Obaideen, A. A., ve Madkour. M. I. (2019). Impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in healthy people: systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, 15, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2018.11.005
  • Guarente L. (2011). Sirtuins, aging, and metabolism. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol, 76, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2011. 76.010629
  • Gudden, J., Vasquez, A. A., ve Bloemendaal, M. (2021). The effects of ıntermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function. Nutrients, 13, 3166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu13093166
  • Halberg, N., Henriksen, M., Soderhamn, N., Stallknecht, B., Ploug, T., Schjerling, P., ve Dela F. (2005). Effect of intermittent fasting and refeeding on insulin action in healthy men. J Appl Physiol, 99(6), 2128-2136. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2005.
  • Hatchwell, L., Harney, D. J., Cielesh, M., Young, K., Koay, Y. C., O’Sullivan, J. F., ve Mark Larance. (2020). Multi-omics analysis of the intermittent fasting response in mice identifies an unexpected role for hnf4. Cell Reports 30(10), 3566–3582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.051
  • Hirschey, M.D., Shimazu, T., Goetzman, E., Jing, E., Schwer, B., Lombard, D., … Verdin, E. (2010). SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation. Nature, 464, 121-125
  • Jamshed, H., Beyl, R. A., Della Manna, D. L., Yang, E. S., Ravussin, E., ve Peterson, C. M. (2019). Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients, 11(6), 1234. doi:10.3390/nu11061234
  • Lee, C., Safdie F. M., Raffaghello, L., Wei, M., Madia, F., Parrella, E., …Longo, V. D. (2010). Reduced levels of IGF-I mediate differential protection of normal and cancer cells in response to fasting and improve chemotherapeutic index. Cancer Res, 70(4), 1564-72
  • Li, G., Xie, C., Lu, S., Nichols, R. G., Tian, Y., Li, L., … Gonzalez, F. J. (2017). Intermittent fasting promotes white adipose browning and decreases obesity by shaping the gut microbiota. Cell Metabolism, 26(4), 672–685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019
  • Li, Y., Wong, K., Giles, A., Jiang, J., Lee, J. W., Adams, A. C., … Zang, M. (2014). Hepatic SIRT1 attenuates hepatic steatosis and controls energy balance in mice by inducing fibroblast growth factor 21. Gastroenterology,146(2), 39-549.
  • Madkour, M. I., El-Serafi, A. T., Jahrami, H. A., Sherif, N. M., Hassan, R. E., Awaddallah, S. Ve Faris, MAE. (2019). Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting modulates SOD2, TFAM, Nrf2, and sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) gene expressions in subjects with overweight and obesity. Diabetes research and clinical practise, 155, 107801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107801
  • Mattson M. P. ve Wan, R. (2005). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 16(3), 129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.12.007
  • Mattson, M. P., Longo, V. D., ve Harvie, M. (2017). Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Research Reviews, 39, 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005
  • Mezhnina, V. ve Kondratov, R. (2020). Regulation of glucose homeostasis by calorie restriction and periodic fasting. Aging, 12, 23
  • Morales-Suarez-Varela, M., Collado Sánchez E., Peraita-Costa, I., Llopis-Morales A., ve Soriano, J. M. (2021). Intermittent fasting and the possible benefits in obesity, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutrients, 13(9), 3179. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093179
  • Nowosad, K. ve Sujka M. (2021). Effect of Various Types of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on Weight Loss and Improvement of Diabetic Parameters in Human. Current Nutrition Reports 10:146–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-021-00353-5
  • Opstad, T. B., Sundfør, T., Tonstad, S., ve Seljeflot, I. (2021). Effect of intermittent and continuous caloric restriction on Sirtuin1 concentration depends on sex and body mass index. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(6), 1871-1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.005
  • Patterson, R. E., Laughlin, G. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Hartman, S. J., Natarajan, L., Senger, C. M.,… Gallo, L. C. (2015). Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health. J Acad Nutrit Dietetics, 115(8), 1203–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.018
  • Pedersen, S. B., Ølholm, J., Paulsen, S. K., Bennetzen, M. F., ve Richelsen B. (2008) Low Sirt1 expression, which is upregulated by fasting, in human adipose tissue from obese women. Int J Obes, 32(8), 1250-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.78.
  • Rajpal, A. ve Ismail‐Beigi, F. (2020). Intermittent fasting and “metabolic switch”: effects on metabolic syndrome, pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(9), 1496-1510. doi: 10.1111/dom.14080
  • Sequea, D. A., Sharma, N., Arias, E. B. ve Cartee, G. D. (2012). Calorie restriction enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and akt phosphorylation in both fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscle of 24-month-old rats. J. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 67(12), 1279–1285
  • Shimazu, T., Hirschey, M. D., Hua, L.,Dittenhafer-Reed, K. E., Schwer, B., Lombard, D. B., … Verdin, E. (2010). SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa synthase 2 and regulates ketone body production. Cell Metabolism 12, 654–661. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.003
  • Soeters, M. R., Lammers, N. M., Dubbelhuis, P. F., Ackermans, M., Jonkers-Schuitema, C. F., Fliers, E., … Serlie, M. J. (2009). Intermittent fasting does not affect whole-body glucose, lipid, or protein metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr, 90(5), 1244–51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27327.
  • Spezani, R., da Silva, R. R., Martins, F. F.,de Souza Marinho, T., Aguila, M. B., ve Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C. A. (2020). Intermittent fasting, adipokines, insulin sensitivity, and hypothalamic neuropeptides in a dietary overload with high-fat or high-fructose diet in mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 83, 108419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108419
  • Velingkaar, N., Mezhnina, V., Poe, A., Makwana, K., Tulsian, R., ve Kondratov, R. V. (2020). Reduced caloric intake and periodic fasting independently contribute to metabolic effects of caloric restriction. Aging Cell, 19(4), 13138. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13138
  • Velingkaar, N., Mezhnina, V., Poe, A., ve Kondratov, R. V. (2021). Two-meal caloric restriction induces 12-hour rhythms and improves glucose homeostasis. The FASEB Journal, 35(2), 21342. doi: 10.1096/fj.202002470R

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 62 - 72, 30.04.2023

Betül Sarıdağ Devran Mendane Saka

Abstract

References

  • Abdullah, K., Al-Habori, M., ve Al-Eryani, E. (2020). Ramadan ıntermittent fasting affects adipokines and leptin/adiponectin ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their first-degree relatives. Bio Med Research International, 1281792, 12. doi.org/10.1155/2020/1281792
  • Anton, S.D., Moehl, K., Donahoo, W.T., Marosi, K., Lee, S.A., Mainous III, A.G., . . . Mattson, M.P. (2018). Flipping the metabolic switch: understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting. Obesity, 26(2), 254-268. doi: 10.1002/oby.22065
  • Antunes, F., Erustes, A. G., Costa, A. J., Nascimento, A. C., Bincoletto, C., Ureshino, R. P., … Smaili, S. S. (2018). Autophagy and intermittent fasting: the connection for cancer therapy? Clinics, 73, 814. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e814s
  • Baumeier, C., Kaiser, D., Heeren, J., Scheja, L., Johnc C., Weise C., … Schürmann, A. (2015) Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting alter hepatic lipid droplet proteome and diacylglycerol species and prevent diabetes in NZO mice. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1851(5), 566–576.
  • Boutant, M., Kulkarni, S. S., Joffraud, M., Raymond, F., Me´ tairon, S., Descombes, P., ve Canto, C. (2016). SIRT1 gain of function does not mimic or enhance the adaptations to ıntermittent fasting. Cell Reports, 14(9), 2068–2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.007
  • Cahill, G. F. (2006). Fuelmetabolism in starvation. Annual Reviews Nutrition, 26, 1–22. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258
  • Cohen, H.Y., Miller, C., Bitterman, K. J., Wall, N. R., Hekking, B., Kessler, B., … Sinclair, D. A. (2004). Calorie restriction promotes mammalian cell survival by inducing the SIRT1 deacetylase. Science, 305(5682), 390–392. de Cabo, R. ve Mattson, M.P. (2019). Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541-2551. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1905136
  • de Souza Marinho, T., Ornellas, F., Barbosa-da-Silva, S., Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C. A., ve Aguila, M. B. (2019). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting on steatosis and inflammation of the liver in mice fed a high-fat or a high-fructose diet. Nutrition, 65, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.020
  • Di Francesco, A., Di Germanio, C., Bernier, M. ve de Cabo, R. (2018). A time to fast. Science, 362(6416), 770-775. doi: 10.1126/science.aau2095
  • Dönder, E. ve Önalan, E. (2018). Obezitenin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi ve klinik değerlendirmesi. Fırat Tıp Dergisi/Firat Med J, 23, 1-4
  • Faris, M. A. E, Jahrami, H. A., Obaideen, A. A., ve Madkour. M. I. (2019). Impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in healthy people: systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, 15, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2018.11.005
  • Guarente L. (2011). Sirtuins, aging, and metabolism. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol, 76, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2011. 76.010629
  • Gudden, J., Vasquez, A. A., ve Bloemendaal, M. (2021). The effects of ıntermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function. Nutrients, 13, 3166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu13093166
  • Halberg, N., Henriksen, M., Soderhamn, N., Stallknecht, B., Ploug, T., Schjerling, P., ve Dela F. (2005). Effect of intermittent fasting and refeeding on insulin action in healthy men. J Appl Physiol, 99(6), 2128-2136. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2005.
  • Hatchwell, L., Harney, D. J., Cielesh, M., Young, K., Koay, Y. C., O’Sullivan, J. F., ve Mark Larance. (2020). Multi-omics analysis of the intermittent fasting response in mice identifies an unexpected role for hnf4. Cell Reports 30(10), 3566–3582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.051
  • Hirschey, M.D., Shimazu, T., Goetzman, E., Jing, E., Schwer, B., Lombard, D., … Verdin, E. (2010). SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation. Nature, 464, 121-125
  • Jamshed, H., Beyl, R. A., Della Manna, D. L., Yang, E. S., Ravussin, E., ve Peterson, C. M. (2019). Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients, 11(6), 1234. doi:10.3390/nu11061234
  • Lee, C., Safdie F. M., Raffaghello, L., Wei, M., Madia, F., Parrella, E., …Longo, V. D. (2010). Reduced levels of IGF-I mediate differential protection of normal and cancer cells in response to fasting and improve chemotherapeutic index. Cancer Res, 70(4), 1564-72
  • Li, G., Xie, C., Lu, S., Nichols, R. G., Tian, Y., Li, L., … Gonzalez, F. J. (2017). Intermittent fasting promotes white adipose browning and decreases obesity by shaping the gut microbiota. Cell Metabolism, 26(4), 672–685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019
  • Li, Y., Wong, K., Giles, A., Jiang, J., Lee, J. W., Adams, A. C., … Zang, M. (2014). Hepatic SIRT1 attenuates hepatic steatosis and controls energy balance in mice by inducing fibroblast growth factor 21. Gastroenterology,146(2), 39-549.
  • Madkour, M. I., El-Serafi, A. T., Jahrami, H. A., Sherif, N. M., Hassan, R. E., Awaddallah, S. Ve Faris, MAE. (2019). Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting modulates SOD2, TFAM, Nrf2, and sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) gene expressions in subjects with overweight and obesity. Diabetes research and clinical practise, 155, 107801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107801
  • Mattson M. P. ve Wan, R. (2005). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 16(3), 129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.12.007
  • Mattson, M. P., Longo, V. D., ve Harvie, M. (2017). Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Research Reviews, 39, 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005
  • Mezhnina, V. ve Kondratov, R. (2020). Regulation of glucose homeostasis by calorie restriction and periodic fasting. Aging, 12, 23
  • Morales-Suarez-Varela, M., Collado Sánchez E., Peraita-Costa, I., Llopis-Morales A., ve Soriano, J. M. (2021). Intermittent fasting and the possible benefits in obesity, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutrients, 13(9), 3179. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093179
  • Nowosad, K. ve Sujka M. (2021). Effect of Various Types of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on Weight Loss and Improvement of Diabetic Parameters in Human. Current Nutrition Reports 10:146–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-021-00353-5
  • Opstad, T. B., Sundfør, T., Tonstad, S., ve Seljeflot, I. (2021). Effect of intermittent and continuous caloric restriction on Sirtuin1 concentration depends on sex and body mass index. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(6), 1871-1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.005
  • Patterson, R. E., Laughlin, G. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Hartman, S. J., Natarajan, L., Senger, C. M.,… Gallo, L. C. (2015). Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health. J Acad Nutrit Dietetics, 115(8), 1203–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.018
  • Pedersen, S. B., Ølholm, J., Paulsen, S. K., Bennetzen, M. F., ve Richelsen B. (2008) Low Sirt1 expression, which is upregulated by fasting, in human adipose tissue from obese women. Int J Obes, 32(8), 1250-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.78.
  • Rajpal, A. ve Ismail‐Beigi, F. (2020). Intermittent fasting and “metabolic switch”: effects on metabolic syndrome, pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(9), 1496-1510. doi: 10.1111/dom.14080
  • Sequea, D. A., Sharma, N., Arias, E. B. ve Cartee, G. D. (2012). Calorie restriction enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and akt phosphorylation in both fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscle of 24-month-old rats. J. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 67(12), 1279–1285
  • Shimazu, T., Hirschey, M. D., Hua, L.,Dittenhafer-Reed, K. E., Schwer, B., Lombard, D. B., … Verdin, E. (2010). SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa synthase 2 and regulates ketone body production. Cell Metabolism 12, 654–661. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.003
  • Soeters, M. R., Lammers, N. M., Dubbelhuis, P. F., Ackermans, M., Jonkers-Schuitema, C. F., Fliers, E., … Serlie, M. J. (2009). Intermittent fasting does not affect whole-body glucose, lipid, or protein metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr, 90(5), 1244–51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27327.
  • Spezani, R., da Silva, R. R., Martins, F. F.,de Souza Marinho, T., Aguila, M. B., ve Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C. A. (2020). Intermittent fasting, adipokines, insulin sensitivity, and hypothalamic neuropeptides in a dietary overload with high-fat or high-fructose diet in mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 83, 108419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108419
  • Velingkaar, N., Mezhnina, V., Poe, A., Makwana, K., Tulsian, R., ve Kondratov, R. V. (2020). Reduced caloric intake and periodic fasting independently contribute to metabolic effects of caloric restriction. Aging Cell, 19(4), 13138. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13138
  • Velingkaar, N., Mezhnina, V., Poe, A., ve Kondratov, R. V. (2021). Two-meal caloric restriction induces 12-hour rhythms and improves glucose homeostasis. The FASEB Journal, 35(2), 21342. doi: 10.1096/fj.202002470R
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Nutrition
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Betül Sarıdağ Devran 0000-0003-4580-1998

Mendane Saka 0000-0002-5516-426X

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarıdağ Devran, B., & Saka, M. (2023). Aralıklı Açlık. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 62-72.