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Intermediary Role of Creativity on the Impact of Employee Encouragement on Risk Trends

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 17, 25 - 35, 30.06.2020

Abstract

In today's work environment, incentives, creativity and risk-taking tendencies are very important for employees and organizations. In previous studies, changes in motivation and performance of employees in general are encouraged. In this study, unlike many previous studies, it has been investigated how risk tendencies are affected in the encouragement of employees by workplaces and whether the creativity behaviors of employees are mediated. According to the results of the research, it is observed that the incentive policies of the workplaces have a positive and significant effect on the risk-taking tendencies of the employees and the creativity of the employees plays a full mediating role between these two variables. In addition, it was concluded that the incentive policies of the workplace had positive and significant effects on the creativity of the employees and that the creativity of the employees also had positive and significant effects on the risk-taking tendencies.

References

  • Bartol, K.M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Organizational Reward Systems. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9 (1), 64-76.
  • Battal, F., Durmuş, I., & Çınar, E. (2017). The Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Decision-Making Styles on Transformational Leadership Behavior. Turkish Studies, 12 (31), 1-28.
  • Baucus, M.S., Norton, W.I., Baucus, D.A., & Human, S.E. (2008). Fostering Creativity and Innovation without Encouraging Unethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 81 (1), 97-115.
  • Beheshtifar, M., & Zare, E. (2013). Employee Creativity: A Compulsory Factor in Organizations. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5 (2), 242-247.
  • Bellante, D., & Link, A.N. (1981). Are Public Sector Workers More Risk Averse than Private Sector Workers? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34 (3), 408-412.
  • Berman, E.M., & West, J.P. (1998). Responsible Risk-Taking. Public Administration Review, 58 (4), 346-352.
  • Brockhaus, R.H. (1980). Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23 (3), 509-520.
  • Carrier, C. (1998). Employee Creativity and Suggestion Programs: An Empirical Study. Creativity and Innovation Management, 7 (2), 62-72.
  • Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A. Feild, H.S., & Mossholder, K.W. (2013). Transformational Leadership, Relationship Quality, and Employee Performance During Continuous Incremental Organizational Change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34 (7), 942-958.
  • Chang, S., Jia, L., Takeuchi, R., & Cai, Y. (2014). Do High-Commitment Work Systems Affect Creativity? A Multilevel Combinational Approach to Employee Creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99 (4), 665-680.
  • Chen, M-H., & Kaufmann, G. (2008). Employee Creativity and R&D: A Critical Review. Creativity and Innovation Management, 17 (1), 71-76.
  • Choi, J.N., Anderson, T.A., & Veillette, A. (2009). Contextual Inhibitors of Employee Creativity in Organizations the Insulating Role of Creative Ability. Group & Organization Management, 34 (3), 330-357.
  • Colquitt, J.A., Scott, B.A., & LePine, J.A. (2007). Trust, Trustworthiness, and Trust Propensity: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationship with Risk Taking and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psycahology, 92 (4), 909-927.
  • Cummings, A., & Oldham, G.R. (1997). Enhancing Creativity: Managing Work Contexts for the High Potential Employee. California Management Review, 40 (1), 22-38.
  • Dewett, T. (2004). Employee Creativity and the Role of Risk. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7 (4), 257-266.
  • Dewett, T. (2006). Exploring the Rple of Risk in Employee Creativity. First Quarter, 40 (1), 27-45.
  • Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z-X., & Li, C. (2017). Enhancing Employee Creativity via Individual Skill Development and Team Knowledge Sharing: Influences of Dual-Focused Transformational Leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 439-458.
  • Dulebohn, J.H., & Murray, B. (2007). Retirement Savings Behavior of Higher Education Employees. Research in Higher Education, 48 (5), 545-582.
  • Dyne, L.V., Jehn, K.A., & Cummıngs, A. (2002). Differential Effects of Strain on two Forms of Work Performance: Individual Employee Sales and Creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 57-74.
  • Farmer, S.M., Tierney, P., & Kung-Mcintyre, K. (2003). Employee Creativity in Taiwan: An Application of Role Identity Theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46 (5), 618-630.
  • Foss, N.J., Minbaeva, D.B., Pedersen, T., & Reinholt, M. (2009). Encouraging Knowledge Sharing among Employees: How Job Desing Matters. Human Resource Management, 48 (6), 871-893.
  • Geng, Z., Liu, C., Liu, X., & Feng, J. (2014). The Effects of Emotional Labor on Frontline Employee Creativity. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26 (7), 1046-1064.
  • Gong, Y., Huang, J-C., & Farh, J-L., (2009). Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy. The Academy of Management Journal, 52 (4), 765-778.
  • Gu, Q., Tang, T.L-P., & Jiang, W. (2015). Does Moral Leadership Enhance Employee Creativity? Employee Identification with Leader and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in the Chinese Context. Journal of Business Ethics, 126 (3), 513-529.
  • Gupta, A.K., & Singhal, A. (1993). Managing Human Resources for Innovation and Creativity. Research Technology Management, 36 (3), 41-48.
  • Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role Focus and Creative Process Engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30 (2), 235-247.
  • Hırst, G., Dıck, R.V., & Knıppenberg, D.V. (2009b). A Social Identity Perspective on Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30 (7), 963-982.
  • Hırst, G., Knıppenberg, D.V., & Zhou, J. (2009a). A Cross-Level Perspective on Employee Creativity: Goal Orientation, Team Learning Behavior, and Individual Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 52 (2), 280-293.
  • Hon, A.H.Y., & Leung, A.S.M. (2011). Employee Creativity and Motivation in the Chise Context: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52 (2), 125-134.
  • Jafri, M.H., Dem, C., & Choden, S. (2016). Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Proactive Personality and Organizational Climate. Business Perspectives and Research, 4 (1), 54-66.
  • Jaskyte, K., & Kisieliene, A. (2006). Determinants of Employe Creativity: A Survey of Lithuanian Nonprofit Organizations. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17 (2), 133-141.
  • Jurkiewicz, C.L., Massey, T.K., & Brown, R.G. (1998). Motivation in Public and Private Organizations: A Comparative Study. Public Productivity & Management Review, 21 (3), 230-250.
  • Kassahun, T. (2007). Management Practices as Leverages of Employee Performance. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 42 (3), 332-354.
  • Keefe, L. (2004). Encouraging Employee Communication. The CPA Journal, 74 (6), 16.
  • Kim, T-Y., Hon, A.H.Y., & Crant, M. (2009). Proactive Personality, Employee Creativity, and Newcomer Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24 (1), 93-103.
  • Kloman, H.F. (1992). Rethinking Risk Management. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Issues and Practice, 17 (64), 299-313.
  • Lambooij, M., Flache, A., Sanders, K., & Siegers, J. (2007). Encouraging Employees to Co-operate: The Effects of Sponsored Training and Promotion Practices on Employees Willingness to Work Overtime. The International Journal Resource Management, 18 (10), 1748-1767.
  • Liu, D., Liao, H., & Loı, R. (2012). The Dark Side of Leadership: A Three-Level Investigation of the Cascading Effect of Abusive Supervision on Employee Creativity. The Academy of Management Journal, 55 (5), 1187-1212.
  • Ma, Y., Cheng, W., Ribbens, B.A., & Zhou, J. (2013). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Creativity: Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy as Mediatörs. Social Behavior and Personality, 41 (9), 1409-1420.
  • MacCrimmon, K.R., & Wehrung, D.A. (1990). Characteristics of Risk Taking Executives. Management Science, 36 (4), 422-435.
  • Madjar, N., Oldham, G.R., & Pratt, M.G. (2002). There’s No Place like Home? The Contributions of Work and Nonwork Creativity Support to Employees Ceative Performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 45 (4), 757-767.
  • McFadzean, E. (1999). Encouraging Creative Thinking. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 20 (7), 374-383.
  • McMahon, S.R., & Ford, C.M. (2013). Heuristic Transfer in the Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20 (1), 69-83.
  • Moghimi, S., & Subramaniam, I.D. (2013). Employees Creative Behavior: The Role of Organizational Climate in Malaysian SMESs. International Journal of Business and Maagement, 8 (5), 1-12.
  • Ng, W.T., & Feldman, D.C. (2012). A Comparison of Self-Ratings and Non-Self-Report Measures of Employee Creativity. Human Relations, 65 (8), 1021-1047.
  • Nicholson, N., Soane, E., O’Creevy, M.F., & Willman, P. (2005). Personality and Domain-Specific Risk Taking. Journal of Risk Research, 8 (2), 157-176.
  • Oldham, G.R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, 39 (3), 607-634.
  • Özbek, M.F. (2011). Örgüt İçerisindeki Güven ve İşe Yabancılaşma İlişkisinde Örgüte Uyum Sağlamanın Aracı Rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (1), 231-248.
  • Özdamar, K. (2003). Modern Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Kaan Kitabevi: Eskişehir (1-270).
  • Saraç, M., Efil, I., & Eryilmaz, M. (2014). A Study of the Relationship Between Person-Organization fit and Employee Creativity. Management Research Review, 37 (5), 479-501.
  • Sitkin, S.B., & Pablo, A.L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior. The Academy of Management Review, 17 (1), 9-38.
  • Tang, Y-T., & Chang, C-H. (2010). Impact of Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict on Employee Creativity. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (6), 869-881.
  • Tierney, P., & Farmer, S.M. (2004). The Pygmalion Process and Employee Creativity. Journal of Management, 30 (3), 413-432.
  • Tierney, P., Farmer, S.M., & Graen, G.B. (1999). An Examination of Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Relevance of Traits and Relationship. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591-620.
  • Unsworth, K. (2001). Unpacking Creativity. The Academy of Management Review, 26 (2), 289-297.
  • Williams, S. (2001). Increasing Employees Creativity by Training Their Managers. Industrial and Commercial Training, 33 (2), 63-68.
  • Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J.E. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work. The Academy of Management Review, 26 (2), 179-201.
  • Xiao, J.J., Alhabeeb, M.J., Hong, G-S., & Haynes, G.W. (2001). Attitude toward Risk and Risk-Taking Behavior of Business-Owning Families. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35 (2), 307-325.
  • Zhang, X., & Bartol, K.M. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empoverment, Intrinsic Motivation and Creative Process Engagement. The Academy of Management Journal, 53 (1), 107-128.
  • Zhang, X., & Venkatesh, V. (2013). Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks. MIS Quarterly, 37 (3), 695-722.
  • Zhou, Q.G.H., & Shipton, H. (2012). Context Matters: Combined Influence of Participation and Intellectual Stimulation on the Promotion Focus-Employee Creativity Relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33 (7), 894-909.

Çalışanların İşlerine Teşvik Ettirilmesinin Risk Eğilimleri Üzerindeki Etkisinde Yaratıcılıklarının Aracı Rolü

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 17, 25 - 35, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Günümüz çalışma ortamında teşvik, yaratıcılık ve risk alma eğilimleri çalışanlar ve organizasyonlar için oldukça önemlidir. Daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda genel olarak çalışanların iş yerleri tarafından teşvik edilmesinde onların motivasyonları ve performanslarına meydana gelen değişimler araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılabilen daha evvelki birçok çalışmadan farklı olarak çalışanların iş yerleri tarafından teşvik edilmelerinde risk eğilimlerinin bundan nasıl etkilendiği ve çalışanların yaratıcılık davranışlarının aracı etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında iş yerlerinin teşvik politikalarının çalışanların risk alma eğilimleri üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkisinin olduğu, çalışanların yaratıcılığının bu iki değişken arasında tam aracılık rolü üstlendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada iş yerinin teşvik politikalarının çalışanların yaratıcılığı üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu ve çalışanların yaratıcılığının 

References

  • Bartol, K.M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Organizational Reward Systems. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9 (1), 64-76.
  • Battal, F., Durmuş, I., & Çınar, E. (2017). The Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Decision-Making Styles on Transformational Leadership Behavior. Turkish Studies, 12 (31), 1-28.
  • Baucus, M.S., Norton, W.I., Baucus, D.A., & Human, S.E. (2008). Fostering Creativity and Innovation without Encouraging Unethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 81 (1), 97-115.
  • Beheshtifar, M., & Zare, E. (2013). Employee Creativity: A Compulsory Factor in Organizations. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5 (2), 242-247.
  • Bellante, D., & Link, A.N. (1981). Are Public Sector Workers More Risk Averse than Private Sector Workers? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34 (3), 408-412.
  • Berman, E.M., & West, J.P. (1998). Responsible Risk-Taking. Public Administration Review, 58 (4), 346-352.
  • Brockhaus, R.H. (1980). Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23 (3), 509-520.
  • Carrier, C. (1998). Employee Creativity and Suggestion Programs: An Empirical Study. Creativity and Innovation Management, 7 (2), 62-72.
  • Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A. Feild, H.S., & Mossholder, K.W. (2013). Transformational Leadership, Relationship Quality, and Employee Performance During Continuous Incremental Organizational Change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34 (7), 942-958.
  • Chang, S., Jia, L., Takeuchi, R., & Cai, Y. (2014). Do High-Commitment Work Systems Affect Creativity? A Multilevel Combinational Approach to Employee Creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99 (4), 665-680.
  • Chen, M-H., & Kaufmann, G. (2008). Employee Creativity and R&D: A Critical Review. Creativity and Innovation Management, 17 (1), 71-76.
  • Choi, J.N., Anderson, T.A., & Veillette, A. (2009). Contextual Inhibitors of Employee Creativity in Organizations the Insulating Role of Creative Ability. Group & Organization Management, 34 (3), 330-357.
  • Colquitt, J.A., Scott, B.A., & LePine, J.A. (2007). Trust, Trustworthiness, and Trust Propensity: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Unique Relationship with Risk Taking and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psycahology, 92 (4), 909-927.
  • Cummings, A., & Oldham, G.R. (1997). Enhancing Creativity: Managing Work Contexts for the High Potential Employee. California Management Review, 40 (1), 22-38.
  • Dewett, T. (2004). Employee Creativity and the Role of Risk. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7 (4), 257-266.
  • Dewett, T. (2006). Exploring the Rple of Risk in Employee Creativity. First Quarter, 40 (1), 27-45.
  • Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z-X., & Li, C. (2017). Enhancing Employee Creativity via Individual Skill Development and Team Knowledge Sharing: Influences of Dual-Focused Transformational Leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 439-458.
  • Dulebohn, J.H., & Murray, B. (2007). Retirement Savings Behavior of Higher Education Employees. Research in Higher Education, 48 (5), 545-582.
  • Dyne, L.V., Jehn, K.A., & Cummıngs, A. (2002). Differential Effects of Strain on two Forms of Work Performance: Individual Employee Sales and Creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 57-74.
  • Farmer, S.M., Tierney, P., & Kung-Mcintyre, K. (2003). Employee Creativity in Taiwan: An Application of Role Identity Theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46 (5), 618-630.
  • Foss, N.J., Minbaeva, D.B., Pedersen, T., & Reinholt, M. (2009). Encouraging Knowledge Sharing among Employees: How Job Desing Matters. Human Resource Management, 48 (6), 871-893.
  • Geng, Z., Liu, C., Liu, X., & Feng, J. (2014). The Effects of Emotional Labor on Frontline Employee Creativity. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26 (7), 1046-1064.
  • Gong, Y., Huang, J-C., & Farh, J-L., (2009). Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy. The Academy of Management Journal, 52 (4), 765-778.
  • Gu, Q., Tang, T.L-P., & Jiang, W. (2015). Does Moral Leadership Enhance Employee Creativity? Employee Identification with Leader and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in the Chinese Context. Journal of Business Ethics, 126 (3), 513-529.
  • Gupta, A.K., & Singhal, A. (1993). Managing Human Resources for Innovation and Creativity. Research Technology Management, 36 (3), 41-48.
  • Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role Focus and Creative Process Engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30 (2), 235-247.
  • Hırst, G., Dıck, R.V., & Knıppenberg, D.V. (2009b). A Social Identity Perspective on Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30 (7), 963-982.
  • Hırst, G., Knıppenberg, D.V., & Zhou, J. (2009a). A Cross-Level Perspective on Employee Creativity: Goal Orientation, Team Learning Behavior, and Individual Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 52 (2), 280-293.
  • Hon, A.H.Y., & Leung, A.S.M. (2011). Employee Creativity and Motivation in the Chise Context: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52 (2), 125-134.
  • Jafri, M.H., Dem, C., & Choden, S. (2016). Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Proactive Personality and Organizational Climate. Business Perspectives and Research, 4 (1), 54-66.
  • Jaskyte, K., & Kisieliene, A. (2006). Determinants of Employe Creativity: A Survey of Lithuanian Nonprofit Organizations. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17 (2), 133-141.
  • Jurkiewicz, C.L., Massey, T.K., & Brown, R.G. (1998). Motivation in Public and Private Organizations: A Comparative Study. Public Productivity & Management Review, 21 (3), 230-250.
  • Kassahun, T. (2007). Management Practices as Leverages of Employee Performance. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 42 (3), 332-354.
  • Keefe, L. (2004). Encouraging Employee Communication. The CPA Journal, 74 (6), 16.
  • Kim, T-Y., Hon, A.H.Y., & Crant, M. (2009). Proactive Personality, Employee Creativity, and Newcomer Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24 (1), 93-103.
  • Kloman, H.F. (1992). Rethinking Risk Management. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Issues and Practice, 17 (64), 299-313.
  • Lambooij, M., Flache, A., Sanders, K., & Siegers, J. (2007). Encouraging Employees to Co-operate: The Effects of Sponsored Training and Promotion Practices on Employees Willingness to Work Overtime. The International Journal Resource Management, 18 (10), 1748-1767.
  • Liu, D., Liao, H., & Loı, R. (2012). The Dark Side of Leadership: A Three-Level Investigation of the Cascading Effect of Abusive Supervision on Employee Creativity. The Academy of Management Journal, 55 (5), 1187-1212.
  • Ma, Y., Cheng, W., Ribbens, B.A., & Zhou, J. (2013). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Creativity: Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy as Mediatörs. Social Behavior and Personality, 41 (9), 1409-1420.
  • MacCrimmon, K.R., & Wehrung, D.A. (1990). Characteristics of Risk Taking Executives. Management Science, 36 (4), 422-435.
  • Madjar, N., Oldham, G.R., & Pratt, M.G. (2002). There’s No Place like Home? The Contributions of Work and Nonwork Creativity Support to Employees Ceative Performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 45 (4), 757-767.
  • McFadzean, E. (1999). Encouraging Creative Thinking. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 20 (7), 374-383.
  • McMahon, S.R., & Ford, C.M. (2013). Heuristic Transfer in the Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20 (1), 69-83.
  • Moghimi, S., & Subramaniam, I.D. (2013). Employees Creative Behavior: The Role of Organizational Climate in Malaysian SMESs. International Journal of Business and Maagement, 8 (5), 1-12.
  • Ng, W.T., & Feldman, D.C. (2012). A Comparison of Self-Ratings and Non-Self-Report Measures of Employee Creativity. Human Relations, 65 (8), 1021-1047.
  • Nicholson, N., Soane, E., O’Creevy, M.F., & Willman, P. (2005). Personality and Domain-Specific Risk Taking. Journal of Risk Research, 8 (2), 157-176.
  • Oldham, G.R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, 39 (3), 607-634.
  • Özbek, M.F. (2011). Örgüt İçerisindeki Güven ve İşe Yabancılaşma İlişkisinde Örgüte Uyum Sağlamanın Aracı Rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (1), 231-248.
  • Özdamar, K. (2003). Modern Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Kaan Kitabevi: Eskişehir (1-270).
  • Saraç, M., Efil, I., & Eryilmaz, M. (2014). A Study of the Relationship Between Person-Organization fit and Employee Creativity. Management Research Review, 37 (5), 479-501.
  • Sitkin, S.B., & Pablo, A.L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior. The Academy of Management Review, 17 (1), 9-38.
  • Tang, Y-T., & Chang, C-H. (2010). Impact of Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict on Employee Creativity. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (6), 869-881.
  • Tierney, P., & Farmer, S.M. (2004). The Pygmalion Process and Employee Creativity. Journal of Management, 30 (3), 413-432.
  • Tierney, P., Farmer, S.M., & Graen, G.B. (1999). An Examination of Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Relevance of Traits and Relationship. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591-620.
  • Unsworth, K. (2001). Unpacking Creativity. The Academy of Management Review, 26 (2), 289-297.
  • Williams, S. (2001). Increasing Employees Creativity by Training Their Managers. Industrial and Commercial Training, 33 (2), 63-68.
  • Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J.E. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work. The Academy of Management Review, 26 (2), 179-201.
  • Xiao, J.J., Alhabeeb, M.J., Hong, G-S., & Haynes, G.W. (2001). Attitude toward Risk and Risk-Taking Behavior of Business-Owning Families. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35 (2), 307-325.
  • Zhang, X., & Bartol, K.M. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empoverment, Intrinsic Motivation and Creative Process Engagement. The Academy of Management Journal, 53 (1), 107-128.
  • Zhang, X., & Venkatesh, V. (2013). Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks. MIS Quarterly, 37 (3), 695-722.
  • Zhou, Q.G.H., & Shipton, H. (2012). Context Matters: Combined Influence of Participation and Intellectual Stimulation on the Promotion Focus-Employee Creativity Relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33 (7), 894-909.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Durmuş 0000-0002-3872-2258

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Acceptance Date October 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Durmuş, İ. (2020). Çalışanların İşlerine Teşvik Ettirilmesinin Risk Eğilimleri Üzerindeki Etkisinde Yaratıcılıklarının Aracı Rolü. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(17), 25-35.