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Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 693 - 702, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433

Abstract

Afyon-Akşehir Graben (AAG) which consists of the southeastern part of Akşehir-Simav Fault System (ASFS) is one of the active depression areas in Western Anatolia. The western sector of the NW-SE-trending AAG is controlled by many active normal fault segments, namely Erkmen, Gecek, and Gazlıgöl Faults. Two main geothermal fields namely, Ömer-Gecek and Gazlıgöl contain reservoirs of fluid with temperatures up to 130° C, are located on the junction points of Gecek-Erkmen faults and Gazlıgöl-Yarımca faults, respectively. The area contains three unconformity bounded geological units; Mesozoic rocks of the Afyon Metamorphic Zone (reservoir unit), Miocene volcano-sedimentary succession (cover unit), including several sedimentary and volcanic units and Quaternary modern basin-fills of alluvial, fluvial and travertine deposits. This study involves use of geological mapping and structural geology methods to identify play type of geothermal fields mentioned above. Paleostress inversion analysis based on basin-bounding active faults and active extensional cracks along the travertine deposits shows that the AAG has been deformed under the control of multidirectional extension, with E-W and NE-SW to NW-SE orientations since Plio-Quaternary time. These types of extension are directly related with the linkage of cross faults that oriented at high-angle to the strike of NW-SE-trending major breakaway fault of AAG. Field-based studies also reveals that geothermal fields in AAG develops on the interactions of these active faults on the extensional domain type geothermal play without active volcanism coming to the surface.

Supporting Institution

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi

Project Number

18.KARIYER.189 ve 17.KARIYER.207

Thanks

We are grateful to Arda Özkaymak and Mertkan Osman Geçievi for their helps during the field studies

References

  • Akal, C., Helvacı, C., Prelević D. and van Den Bogaard, P., 2013. High-K volcanism in the Afyon region, western Turkey: from Si-oversaturated to Si-undersaturated volcanism. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 102 (2), 435-453.
  • Angelier, J., 1984. Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 5835–5848.
  • Angelier, J., 1991. Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain regional stress. III: A new rapid direct inversion method by analytical means. Geophysical Journal International, 103, 363–376.
  • Angelier, J., 1994. Fault slip analysis and paleostress reconstruction, In P. L. Hancock (Ed.), Continental deformation, 53–100. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Bozkurt, E., 2001. Neotectonics of Turkey–A synthesis. Geodinamica acta, 14 (1–3), 3-30.
  • Candan, O., Çetinkaplan, M., Oberhansli, R., Rimmele, G. and Akal, C., 2005. Alpine high-P/low-T metamorphism of the Afyon Zone and implications for the metamorphic evolution of Western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos, 84, 102-124.
  • Delvaux, D., Moeys, R., Stapel, G., Petit, C., Levi, K., Miroshnichenko, A., Ruzhich, V. and Sankov, V., 1997. Paleostress reconstructions and geodynamics of the Baikal region, Central Asia Part II: Cenozoic rifting. In S. Cloetingh, M. Fernandez, J. A. Munoz, W. Sassi, and F. Horvath (Eds.), Structural controls on sedimentary basin formation, Tectonophysics, 282, 1–38.
  • Dewey, J. F., and Şengör, A. M. C., 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: Complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 90, 84-92.
  • Duman, T.Y., Çan, T., Emre, Ö., Kadirioğlu, F.T., Başarır, Baştürk, N., Kılıç, T., Arslan, S., Özalp, S., Kartal, R.F., Kalafat, D., Karakaya, F., Eroğlu, Azak, T., Özel, N.M., Ergintav, S., Akkar, S., Altınok, Y., Tekin, S., Cingöz, A. and Kurt, A.İ., 2018. Seismotectonics database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16 (8), 3277-3316.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Olgun, Ş. and Elmacı, H., 2011. 1:250.000 scale active fault map series of Turkey, Afyon (NJ 36-5) Quadrangle, Serial number: 16, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Şaroğlu, F., Olgun, Ş., Elmacı, H. and Çan, T., 2018. Active fault database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16 (8), 3229-3275.
  • Erkan, K., 2015. Geothermal investigations in western Anatolia using equilibrium temperatures from shallow boreholes. Solid Earth, 6, 103–113.
  • Faulds, J.E., Bouchot, V., Moeck, I., and Oğuz, K., 2009. Structural controls of geothermal systems in western Turkey: A preliminary report. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 33, 375-383.
  • Gemici, U. and Tarcan, G.: Hydrogeochemistry of the Simav geothermal field, western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 116 (3-4), 215-233. Hardcastle, K. C. and Hills, L. S., 1991. BRUTE3 and SELECT: Quick Basic 4 programmes for determination of stress tensor configurations and separation of heterogeneous populations of fault slip data. Computers and Geosciences, 17, 23–43.
  • Koçyiğit, A., 1984. Güneybatı Türkiye ve yakın dolayında levha içi yeni tektonik gelişim. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, 27 (1), 1- 15 (in Turkish).
  • Koçyiğit, A., Ünay, E. and Saraç, G., 2000. Episodic graben formation and extensional neotectonics regime in west Central Anatolia and the Isparta Angle: a case study in the Akşehir-Afyon Graben, Turkey. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 173, 405-421.
  • Mertoğlu, O., Simsek, S., and Başarır, N., 2016. Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Turkey. Proceedings, European Geothermal Congress 2016, Strasbourg, France, 1-10.
  • Moeck, I.S., 2014. Catalog of geothermal play types based on geologic controls. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 867-882.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., 2015. Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27 (2-3), 110-129.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., and Uzel, B., 2013. Neogene-Quaternary evolution of the Manisa Basin: Evidence for variation in the stress pattern of the İzmir-Balıkesir Transfer Zone, western Anatolia. Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 117–135.
  • Özkaymak Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tiryakioğlu, İ. and Baybura, T., 2017. Geologic, Geomorphologic and Geodetic Analyses of Surface Deformations Observed in Bolvadin (Afyon-Akşehir Graben, Afyon). Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 60, 169-188.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Geçievi, M.O. and Tiryakioğlu, İ., 2019. Late Holocene coseismic rupture and aseismic creep on the Bolvadin Fault, Afyon Akşehir Graben, Western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Science, 28, 787-804.
  • Öztürk, H.K., Atalay, Ö., Yılancı, A. and Hepbaşlı, A., 2006. Energy and Exergy Analysis of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant, Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A, 28 (15), 1415-1424.
  • Pfister, M., Rybach, L., and Şimşek, S., 1998. Geothermal reconnaissance of the Marmara Sea region (NW Turkey); surface heat flow density in an area of active continental extension. Tectonophysics, 291 (1-4), 77-89.
  • Pourteau, A., Candan, O. and Oberhansli, R., 2010. High-Pressure metasediments in central Turkey: constraints on the Neotethyan closure history. Tectonics, 29, TC5004.
  • Pourteau, A., Sudo, M., Candan, O., Lanari, P., Vidal, O. and Oberhänsli, R., 2013. Neotethys closure history of Anatolia: insight from 40Ar–39Ar geochronology and P–T estimation in high-pressure metasediments. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31, 585-606.
  • Prelević D., Akal, C., Foley, S.F., Romer, R.L., Stracke, A. and van Den Bogaard, P., 2012. Ultrapotassic mafic rocks as geochemical proxies for postcollisional mantle dynamics of lithosphere: the case of SW Anatolia-Turkey. Journal of Petrol, 53, 1019–1055.
  • Seyitoğlu, G. and Scott, B., 1991. Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west Turkey. Geological Magazine, 128, 155–166.
  • Sözbilir, H., 2005. Oligo–Miocene extension in the Lycian orogen: evidence from the Lycian molasse basin, SW Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 18, 257-284.
  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
  • Şengör, A. M. C., Görür, N., and Şaroğlu, F., 1985. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In K. T. Biddle and N. Christie-Black (Eds.), Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation Tulsa, Oklahoma. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 37, 227-264
  • Şimşek, S., 1997. Geothermal potential in northwestern Turkey, excerpt from Active tectonics of northwestern Anatolia – The Marmara poly-project, A multi-disciplinary approach by space geodesy, geology, hydrogeology, geothermics, and seismology, vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, 111-124.
  • Şimşek, S., 2003. Hydrogeological and isotopic survey of geothermal fields in the Buyuk Menderes Graben, Turkey. Geothermics, 32 (4-6), 669-678.
  • Tan, O., Tapırdamaz, M. C., and Yörük, A., 2008. The earthquakes catalogues for Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 405-418.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Genç, S.C., Gürer, O.F., Bozcu, M., Yılmaz, K., Karacık, Z., Altunkaynak, R. and Elmas, A., 2000. When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop? In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A., Piper, J.D.A. (Eds.), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 173, 353-384.
  • Yıldız, A., Kuşcu, M., Dumlupınar, İ., Arıtan, E. and Bağcı, M., 2010. The determination of the mineralogical alteration index and the investigation of the efficiency of the hydrothermal alteration on physico-mechanical properties in volcanic rocks from Köprülü, Afyonkarahisar, West Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 69, 51-61. Yürür, T., Köse, O., Demirbağ, H., Özkaymak, Ç. and Selçuk, L., 2003. Could the coseismic fractures of a lake ice reflect the earthquake mechanism? (Afyon earthquakes of 3 February 2002, Central Anatolia, Turkey). Geodinamica Acta, 16, 83-87.

Structural Evidence For Extensional Domain-Type Geothermal Play In Western Anatolia: A Case Study From Afyon-Akşehir Graben

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 693 - 702, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433

Abstract

Akşehir-Simav Fay Sistemi’nin güneydoğu bölümünü temsil eden Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni (AAG), Batı Anadolu’daki aktif çöküntü alanlarından birisidir. KB-GD uzanımı AAG’nin batı bölümü Erkmen, Gecek, Gazlıgöl gibi diri normal faylar ile kontrol edilmektedir. 130° C’ye varan rezervuar su sıcaklıkları ile bu bölgedeki en önemli jeotermal sahalar olan Ömer-Gecek ve Gazlıgöl Jeotermal sahaları sırasıyla Gecek ve Erkmen Fayları ile Gazlıgöl ve Yarımca faylarının kesişim alanlarında yer almaktadır. Bölgede yüzlek veren jeolojik birimler, birbirlerinden uyumsuzlukla ayrılan Afyon Metamorfik Zonu’na ait Mesozoyik kayaçlar (rezervuar birim), Miyosen yaşlı volkano-sedimanter ve volkanik birimler (örtü birimi) ile Kuvaterner yaşlı alüvyal-flüvyal ve travertenlerden oluşan modern havza dolgularından oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yukarıda bahsedilen jeotermal sahaların ortam tipini, jeolojik haritalama ve yapısal jeoloji gibi saha çalışmalarını içeren metodlar kullanılarak tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Havzayı sınırlayan fay düzlemleri üzerinde yapılan paleostres analizleri ve faylar üzerinde ölçülen güncel açılma çatlakları, AAG’nin Pliyo-Kuvaterner’den beri, D-B ve KD-GB’dan KB-GD yönüne kadar değişiklik gösteren çok yönlü genişlemeli tektonizma etkisinde şekillendiğine işaret etmektedir. Genişleme tipi, AAG’nin KB-GD uzanımlı ana graben fayı ile bu faya yüksek açılı uzanan çapraz fayların bağlantıları ile ilişkilidir. Arazi bazlı çalışmalar, AAG içerisindeki jeotermal sahaların yüzeye gelmiş aktif volkanizma olmaksızın diri fayların kesişim noktalarında gelişen genişleme alanı tipi jeotermal ortamlara işaret ettiğini göstermektedir.

Project Number

18.KARIYER.189 ve 17.KARIYER.207

References

  • Akal, C., Helvacı, C., Prelević D. and van Den Bogaard, P., 2013. High-K volcanism in the Afyon region, western Turkey: from Si-oversaturated to Si-undersaturated volcanism. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 102 (2), 435-453.
  • Angelier, J., 1984. Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 5835–5848.
  • Angelier, J., 1991. Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain regional stress. III: A new rapid direct inversion method by analytical means. Geophysical Journal International, 103, 363–376.
  • Angelier, J., 1994. Fault slip analysis and paleostress reconstruction, In P. L. Hancock (Ed.), Continental deformation, 53–100. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Bozkurt, E., 2001. Neotectonics of Turkey–A synthesis. Geodinamica acta, 14 (1–3), 3-30.
  • Candan, O., Çetinkaplan, M., Oberhansli, R., Rimmele, G. and Akal, C., 2005. Alpine high-P/low-T metamorphism of the Afyon Zone and implications for the metamorphic evolution of Western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos, 84, 102-124.
  • Delvaux, D., Moeys, R., Stapel, G., Petit, C., Levi, K., Miroshnichenko, A., Ruzhich, V. and Sankov, V., 1997. Paleostress reconstructions and geodynamics of the Baikal region, Central Asia Part II: Cenozoic rifting. In S. Cloetingh, M. Fernandez, J. A. Munoz, W. Sassi, and F. Horvath (Eds.), Structural controls on sedimentary basin formation, Tectonophysics, 282, 1–38.
  • Dewey, J. F., and Şengör, A. M. C., 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: Complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 90, 84-92.
  • Duman, T.Y., Çan, T., Emre, Ö., Kadirioğlu, F.T., Başarır, Baştürk, N., Kılıç, T., Arslan, S., Özalp, S., Kartal, R.F., Kalafat, D., Karakaya, F., Eroğlu, Azak, T., Özel, N.M., Ergintav, S., Akkar, S., Altınok, Y., Tekin, S., Cingöz, A. and Kurt, A.İ., 2018. Seismotectonics database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16 (8), 3277-3316.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Olgun, Ş. and Elmacı, H., 2011. 1:250.000 scale active fault map series of Turkey, Afyon (NJ 36-5) Quadrangle, Serial number: 16, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Şaroğlu, F., Olgun, Ş., Elmacı, H. and Çan, T., 2018. Active fault database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16 (8), 3229-3275.
  • Erkan, K., 2015. Geothermal investigations in western Anatolia using equilibrium temperatures from shallow boreholes. Solid Earth, 6, 103–113.
  • Faulds, J.E., Bouchot, V., Moeck, I., and Oğuz, K., 2009. Structural controls of geothermal systems in western Turkey: A preliminary report. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 33, 375-383.
  • Gemici, U. and Tarcan, G.: Hydrogeochemistry of the Simav geothermal field, western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 116 (3-4), 215-233. Hardcastle, K. C. and Hills, L. S., 1991. BRUTE3 and SELECT: Quick Basic 4 programmes for determination of stress tensor configurations and separation of heterogeneous populations of fault slip data. Computers and Geosciences, 17, 23–43.
  • Koçyiğit, A., 1984. Güneybatı Türkiye ve yakın dolayında levha içi yeni tektonik gelişim. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, 27 (1), 1- 15 (in Turkish).
  • Koçyiğit, A., Ünay, E. and Saraç, G., 2000. Episodic graben formation and extensional neotectonics regime in west Central Anatolia and the Isparta Angle: a case study in the Akşehir-Afyon Graben, Turkey. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 173, 405-421.
  • Mertoğlu, O., Simsek, S., and Başarır, N., 2016. Geothermal Energy Use, Country Update for Turkey. Proceedings, European Geothermal Congress 2016, Strasbourg, France, 1-10.
  • Moeck, I.S., 2014. Catalog of geothermal play types based on geologic controls. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 867-882.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., 2015. Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27 (2-3), 110-129.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., and Uzel, B., 2013. Neogene-Quaternary evolution of the Manisa Basin: Evidence for variation in the stress pattern of the İzmir-Balıkesir Transfer Zone, western Anatolia. Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 117–135.
  • Özkaymak Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tiryakioğlu, İ. and Baybura, T., 2017. Geologic, Geomorphologic and Geodetic Analyses of Surface Deformations Observed in Bolvadin (Afyon-Akşehir Graben, Afyon). Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 60, 169-188.
  • Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Geçievi, M.O. and Tiryakioğlu, İ., 2019. Late Holocene coseismic rupture and aseismic creep on the Bolvadin Fault, Afyon Akşehir Graben, Western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Science, 28, 787-804.
  • Öztürk, H.K., Atalay, Ö., Yılancı, A. and Hepbaşlı, A., 2006. Energy and Exergy Analysis of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant, Turkey. Energy Sources, Part A, 28 (15), 1415-1424.
  • Pfister, M., Rybach, L., and Şimşek, S., 1998. Geothermal reconnaissance of the Marmara Sea region (NW Turkey); surface heat flow density in an area of active continental extension. Tectonophysics, 291 (1-4), 77-89.
  • Pourteau, A., Candan, O. and Oberhansli, R., 2010. High-Pressure metasediments in central Turkey: constraints on the Neotethyan closure history. Tectonics, 29, TC5004.
  • Pourteau, A., Sudo, M., Candan, O., Lanari, P., Vidal, O. and Oberhänsli, R., 2013. Neotethys closure history of Anatolia: insight from 40Ar–39Ar geochronology and P–T estimation in high-pressure metasediments. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31, 585-606.
  • Prelević D., Akal, C., Foley, S.F., Romer, R.L., Stracke, A. and van Den Bogaard, P., 2012. Ultrapotassic mafic rocks as geochemical proxies for postcollisional mantle dynamics of lithosphere: the case of SW Anatolia-Turkey. Journal of Petrol, 53, 1019–1055.
  • Seyitoğlu, G. and Scott, B., 1991. Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west Turkey. Geological Magazine, 128, 155–166.
  • Sözbilir, H., 2005. Oligo–Miocene extension in the Lycian orogen: evidence from the Lycian molasse basin, SW Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 18, 257-284.
  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
  • Şengör, A. M. C., Görür, N., and Şaroğlu, F., 1985. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In K. T. Biddle and N. Christie-Black (Eds.), Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation Tulsa, Oklahoma. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 37, 227-264
  • Şimşek, S., 1997. Geothermal potential in northwestern Turkey, excerpt from Active tectonics of northwestern Anatolia – The Marmara poly-project, A multi-disciplinary approach by space geodesy, geology, hydrogeology, geothermics, and seismology, vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, 111-124.
  • Şimşek, S., 2003. Hydrogeological and isotopic survey of geothermal fields in the Buyuk Menderes Graben, Turkey. Geothermics, 32 (4-6), 669-678.
  • Tan, O., Tapırdamaz, M. C., and Yörük, A., 2008. The earthquakes catalogues for Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 405-418.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Genç, S.C., Gürer, O.F., Bozcu, M., Yılmaz, K., Karacık, Z., Altunkaynak, R. and Elmas, A., 2000. When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop? In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A., Piper, J.D.A. (Eds.), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 173, 353-384.
  • Yıldız, A., Kuşcu, M., Dumlupınar, İ., Arıtan, E. and Bağcı, M., 2010. The determination of the mineralogical alteration index and the investigation of the efficiency of the hydrothermal alteration on physico-mechanical properties in volcanic rocks from Köprülü, Afyonkarahisar, West Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 69, 51-61. Yürür, T., Köse, O., Demirbağ, H., Özkaymak, Ç. and Selçuk, L., 2003. Could the coseismic fractures of a lake ice reflect the earthquake mechanism? (Afyon earthquakes of 3 February 2002, Central Anatolia, Turkey). Geodinamica Acta, 16, 83-87.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağlar Özkaymak 0000-0002-0377-1324

Hasan Sözbilir 0000-0002-3777-4830

Project Number 18.KARIYER.189 ve 17.KARIYER.207
Publication Date September 25, 2020
Submission Date March 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 20 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özkaymak, Ç., & Sözbilir, H. (2020). Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 693-702. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433
AMA Özkaymak Ç, Sözbilir H. Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. September 2020;20(4):693-702. doi:10.35414/akufemubid.704433
Chicago Özkaymak, Çağlar, and Hasan Sözbilir. “Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20, no. 4 (September 2020): 693-702. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433.
EndNote Özkaymak Ç, Sözbilir H (September 1, 2020) Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20 4 693–702.
IEEE Ç. Özkaymak and H. Sözbilir, “Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 693–702, 2020, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.704433.
ISNAD Özkaymak, Çağlar - Sözbilir, Hasan. “Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20/4 (September 2020), 693-702. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433.
JAMA Özkaymak Ç, Sözbilir H. Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;20:693–702.
MLA Özkaymak, Çağlar and Hasan Sözbilir. “Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, 2020, pp. 693-02, doi:10.35414/akufemubid.704433.
Vancouver Özkaymak Ç, Sözbilir H. Batı Anadolu’da Genişleme Alanı Tipi Jeotermal Ortamın Varlığına Dair Yapısal Veriler: Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni’nden Örnek Bir Çalışma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;20(4):693-702.