Review
Year 2016,
Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 457 - 466, 31.12.2016
Abstract
Toksoplazma gondii isimli bir protozoanın sebep olduğu toksoplazmozis enfeksiyonu gebelikte fetal anomalilere ve düşük-ölü doğum gibi olumsuz perinatal sonuçlara yol açabildiği için oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle çiğ et, kontamine yiyeceklerle bulaşan bu enfeksiyonun prenatal dönemde uygun zamanda, doğru tanı ve yönetimi ile ciddi nörolojik sekel riski azaltılabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla gebe takibi yapan klinisyenlerin bu enfeksiyonu derinlemesine bilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla makalemizde, toksoplazma enfeksiyonun prenatal dönemde tanısı, komplikasyonları ve tedavisini özetlemeyi amaçladık.
Keywords
References
- Şentürk Ş, Kağitçi M, Balik G, Şahin K, Özdemir S. Bir üniversite hastanesine başvuran gebe kadınlarda toxoplasma gondii seroprevalansı. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2015;54:163-6.
- Bakacak M, Bostanci MS, Köstü B, Ercan Ö, Serin S, Avci F et al. Seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2014;41:326-31.
- Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Sanders-Lewis K, Wilson M. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the united states, 1999 2004, decline from the prior decade. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:405-10.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 151: Cytomegalovirus, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster, and toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:1510-25.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. Trichomonas vaginalis infections (trichomoniasis). In Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (Eds LK Pickering, CJ Baker, DW Kimberlin, SS Long):729-30 . Elk Grove Village, IL, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012.
- Wujcicka W, Wilczynski J, Nowakowska D. Do the placental barrier, parasite genotype and toll- like receptor polymorphisms contribute to the course of primary infection with various toxoplasma gondii genotypes in pregnant women? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33:703-9.
- Gilbert RE, Peckham CS. Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom: to screen or not to screen? J Med Screen. 2002;9:135-41.
- Boyer KM. Diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis. 1996;11:449-67.
- Syrocot-study-group, Thiebaut R, Leproust S, Chene G, Gilbert R. Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data. Lancet. 2007;369:115-22.
- Minkoff H, Remington JS, Holman S, Ramirez R, Goodwin S, Landesman S. Vertical transmission of toxoplasma by human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:555-9.
- Campos FA, Andrade GM, Lanna Ade P, Lage BF, Assumpcao MV, Pinto JA. Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis among infants born to hiv-coinfected mothers: case series and literature review. Braz J Infect Dis. 2014;18:609-17.
- Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Costa JM, Thulliez P, Forestier F, Vidaud M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain-reaction test on amniotic fluid. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:695-9.
- Wallon M, Franck J, Thulliez P, Huissoud C, Peyron F, Garcia-Meric P et al. Accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction for toxoplasma gondii in amniotic fluid. Obstet Gynecol.
- Bailao LA, Osborne NG, Rizzi MC, Bonilla-Musoles F, Duarte G, Bailao TC. Ultrasound markers of fetal infection, part 2: Bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections. Ultrasound Q. 2006;22:137-51.
- Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Thulliez P, Aufrant C, Couvreur J, MacAleese J et al. Fetal toxoplasmosis: Outcome of pregnancy and infant follow-up after in utero treatment. J Pediatr. 1989;115:765-9.
- Binquet C, Wallon M, Metral P, Gadreau M, Quantin C, Peyron F. Toxoplasmosis seroconversion in pregnant women. The differing attitudes in france. Presse Med. 2004;33:775-9.
- Berrebi A, Kobuch WE, Bessieres MH, Bloom MC, Rolland M, Sarramon MF et al. Termination of pregnancy for maternal toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1994;344:36-9.
- Freeman K, Salt A, Prusa A, Malm G, Ferret N, Buffolano W et al. Association between congenital toxoplasmosis and parent-reported developmental outcomes, concerns, and impairments, in 3 year old children. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5:23.
- Stray-Pedersen B. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;7:107-37.
- Tamma P. Toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Rev. 2007;28:470-1.
- Wilson CB, Remington JS, Stagno S, Reynolds DW. Development of adverse sequelae in children born with subclinical congenital toxoplasma infection. Pediatrics. 1980;66:767-74.
- Kieffer F, Wallon M. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:1099-1101.
- Faucher B, Garcia-Meric P, Franck J, Minodier P, Francois P, Gonnet S et al. Long-term ocular outcome in congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective cohort of treated children. J Infect. 2012;64:104-9.
- McLeod R, Boyer KM, Lee D, Mui E, Wroblewski K, Karrison T et al. Prematurity and severity are associated with toxoplasma gondii alleles (ncccts, 1981-2009). Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:1595- 1605.
- Cortina-Borja M, Tan HK, Wallon M, Paul M, Prusa A, Buffolano W et al. Prenatal treatment for serious neurological sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis: an observational prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2010;7.
- Couvreur J, Desmonts G, Thulliez P. Prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis: effects of spiramycin on placental infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988;22:193-200.
- Montoya JG, Remington JS. Management of toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:554-66.
- Foulon W, Villena I, Stray-Pedersen B, Decoster A, Lappalainen M, Pinon JM et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A multicenter study of impact on fetal transmission and children's sequelae at age 1 year. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:410-5.
- Gilbert R, Gras L, European Multicentre Study on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Effect of timing and type of treatment on the risk of mother to child transmission of toxoplasma gondii. BJOG.
- Gandhi RT. Toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. Uptodate, 2016.
- Hughes B, Cu-Uvin S. Prenatal evaluation and intrapartum management of the HIV-infected woman in resource-rich settings. Uptodate, 2016.
- Derouin F, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Thulliez P, Couvreur J, Leport C. Cotrimoxazole for prenatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis? Parasitol Today. 2000;16:254-6.
- Katlama C, De Wit S, O'Doherty E, Van Glabeke M, Clumeck N. Pyrimethamine-clindamycin vs. Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:268-75.
- Remington JS MR, Thulliez P, Desmonts G: Toxoplasmosis. In Infectious Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Infant (Eds KJ Remington, CB Wilson, CJ Baker):947. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2006.
- Cevizci S, Bakar C. Halk sağlığı bakışıyla toxoplasma gondii. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2013;11:45-58.
- Verma R, Khanna P. Development of toxoplasma gondii vaccine: a global challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9:291-3.
- Özyüncü Ö, Beksaç S. Fetal enfeksiyonlar. Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik Özel Dergisi. 2011;4:264-73.
- Opsteegh M, Kortbeek TM, Havelaar AH, van der Giessen JW. Intervention strategies to reduce human toxoplasma gondii disease burden. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:101-7.
- Dalgiç N. Congenital toxoplasma gondii infection. Marmara Medical Journal. 2008;21:89-101.
- Correspondence Address / Yazışma Adresi Cihan Çetin
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
- Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı,
- Perinatoloji Bilim Dalı, Adana, Turkey
- e-posta: cihancetin00@gmail.com
- Geliş tarihi/ Received: 17.02.2016
- Kabul tarihi/Accepted: 15.03.2016
Year 2016,
Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 457 - 466, 31.12.2016
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by a protozoa named Toxoplasma gondii. It is a very important disease because it is related to fetal anomalies and poor perinatal outcomes like abortus and stillbirth. It spreads via uncooked meat and contaminated food. Timely and appropriate treatment and management of this infection prenatally reduces the risk of serious neurological sequelae. Therefore it is crucial that clinician who takes care of pregnant women know this infection deeply. In this review we aimed to summarize the prenatal diagnosis, complications and treatment of toxoplasma infection.
Keywords
References
- Şentürk Ş, Kağitçi M, Balik G, Şahin K, Özdemir S. Bir üniversite hastanesine başvuran gebe kadınlarda toxoplasma gondii seroprevalansı. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2015;54:163-6.
- Bakacak M, Bostanci MS, Köstü B, Ercan Ö, Serin S, Avci F et al. Seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2014;41:326-31.
- Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Sanders-Lewis K, Wilson M. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the united states, 1999 2004, decline from the prior decade. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:405-10.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 151: Cytomegalovirus, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster, and toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:1510-25.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. Trichomonas vaginalis infections (trichomoniasis). In Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (Eds LK Pickering, CJ Baker, DW Kimberlin, SS Long):729-30 . Elk Grove Village, IL, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012.
- Wujcicka W, Wilczynski J, Nowakowska D. Do the placental barrier, parasite genotype and toll- like receptor polymorphisms contribute to the course of primary infection with various toxoplasma gondii genotypes in pregnant women? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33:703-9.
- Gilbert RE, Peckham CS. Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom: to screen or not to screen? J Med Screen. 2002;9:135-41.
- Boyer KM. Diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis. 1996;11:449-67.
- Syrocot-study-group, Thiebaut R, Leproust S, Chene G, Gilbert R. Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data. Lancet. 2007;369:115-22.
- Minkoff H, Remington JS, Holman S, Ramirez R, Goodwin S, Landesman S. Vertical transmission of toxoplasma by human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:555-9.
- Campos FA, Andrade GM, Lanna Ade P, Lage BF, Assumpcao MV, Pinto JA. Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis among infants born to hiv-coinfected mothers: case series and literature review. Braz J Infect Dis. 2014;18:609-17.
- Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Costa JM, Thulliez P, Forestier F, Vidaud M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain-reaction test on amniotic fluid. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:695-9.
- Wallon M, Franck J, Thulliez P, Huissoud C, Peyron F, Garcia-Meric P et al. Accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction for toxoplasma gondii in amniotic fluid. Obstet Gynecol.
- Bailao LA, Osborne NG, Rizzi MC, Bonilla-Musoles F, Duarte G, Bailao TC. Ultrasound markers of fetal infection, part 2: Bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections. Ultrasound Q. 2006;22:137-51.
- Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Thulliez P, Aufrant C, Couvreur J, MacAleese J et al. Fetal toxoplasmosis: Outcome of pregnancy and infant follow-up after in utero treatment. J Pediatr. 1989;115:765-9.
- Binquet C, Wallon M, Metral P, Gadreau M, Quantin C, Peyron F. Toxoplasmosis seroconversion in pregnant women. The differing attitudes in france. Presse Med. 2004;33:775-9.
- Berrebi A, Kobuch WE, Bessieres MH, Bloom MC, Rolland M, Sarramon MF et al. Termination of pregnancy for maternal toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1994;344:36-9.
- Freeman K, Salt A, Prusa A, Malm G, Ferret N, Buffolano W et al. Association between congenital toxoplasmosis and parent-reported developmental outcomes, concerns, and impairments, in 3 year old children. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5:23.
- Stray-Pedersen B. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;7:107-37.
- Tamma P. Toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Rev. 2007;28:470-1.
- Wilson CB, Remington JS, Stagno S, Reynolds DW. Development of adverse sequelae in children born with subclinical congenital toxoplasma infection. Pediatrics. 1980;66:767-74.
- Kieffer F, Wallon M. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:1099-1101.
- Faucher B, Garcia-Meric P, Franck J, Minodier P, Francois P, Gonnet S et al. Long-term ocular outcome in congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective cohort of treated children. J Infect. 2012;64:104-9.
- McLeod R, Boyer KM, Lee D, Mui E, Wroblewski K, Karrison T et al. Prematurity and severity are associated with toxoplasma gondii alleles (ncccts, 1981-2009). Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:1595- 1605.
- Cortina-Borja M, Tan HK, Wallon M, Paul M, Prusa A, Buffolano W et al. Prenatal treatment for serious neurological sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis: an observational prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2010;7.
- Couvreur J, Desmonts G, Thulliez P. Prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis: effects of spiramycin on placental infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988;22:193-200.
- Montoya JG, Remington JS. Management of toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:554-66.
- Foulon W, Villena I, Stray-Pedersen B, Decoster A, Lappalainen M, Pinon JM et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A multicenter study of impact on fetal transmission and children's sequelae at age 1 year. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:410-5.
- Gilbert R, Gras L, European Multicentre Study on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Effect of timing and type of treatment on the risk of mother to child transmission of toxoplasma gondii. BJOG.
- Gandhi RT. Toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. Uptodate, 2016.
- Hughes B, Cu-Uvin S. Prenatal evaluation and intrapartum management of the HIV-infected woman in resource-rich settings. Uptodate, 2016.
- Derouin F, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Thulliez P, Couvreur J, Leport C. Cotrimoxazole for prenatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis? Parasitol Today. 2000;16:254-6.
- Katlama C, De Wit S, O'Doherty E, Van Glabeke M, Clumeck N. Pyrimethamine-clindamycin vs. Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:268-75.
- Remington JS MR, Thulliez P, Desmonts G: Toxoplasmosis. In Infectious Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Infant (Eds KJ Remington, CB Wilson, CJ Baker):947. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2006.
- Cevizci S, Bakar C. Halk sağlığı bakışıyla toxoplasma gondii. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2013;11:45-58.
- Verma R, Khanna P. Development of toxoplasma gondii vaccine: a global challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9:291-3.
- Özyüncü Ö, Beksaç S. Fetal enfeksiyonlar. Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik Özel Dergisi. 2011;4:264-73.
- Opsteegh M, Kortbeek TM, Havelaar AH, van der Giessen JW. Intervention strategies to reduce human toxoplasma gondii disease burden. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:101-7.
- Dalgiç N. Congenital toxoplasma gondii infection. Marmara Medical Journal. 2008;21:89-101.
- Correspondence Address / Yazışma Adresi Cihan Çetin
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
- Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı,
- Perinatoloji Bilim Dalı, Adana, Turkey
- e-posta: cihancetin00@gmail.com
- Geliş tarihi/ Received: 17.02.2016
- Kabul tarihi/Accepted: 15.03.2016
There are 46 citations in total.
Details
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | March 15, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 25 Issue: 4 |
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