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Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografide Yumuşak Damak Morfolojik Tiplerinin Need’s Oranı Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 71 - 78, 01.12.2023

Kübra Gündüz Baltacı

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) kullanarak çeşitli yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarında yumuşak damak morfolojisini belirlemek ve Need’s Oranı, Velum Uzunluğu, Velum Genişliği ve Faringeal Derinlik ile ilişkisini bulmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 122 KIBT taraması velar morfoloji açısından analiz edildi ve farklı tiplere göre sınıflandırıldı. KIBT'de Velum Uzunluğu, Velum Genişliği ve Faringeal Derinlik ölçüldü. Need’s oranı, faringeal derinliğin velum uzunluğuna bölünmesiyle hesaplandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki tüm yumuşak damak tipleri arasında en yaygın olarak sıçan kuyruğu şekli bulundu. Erkeklerde ortalama yumuşak damak uzunluğu ve genişliği daha fazla iken, Need’s oranı kadınlarda daha yüksekti. Ortalama damak uzunluğu ile çeşitli yaş grupları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardı ve değerler yaş arttıkça arttı. Yaş grupları arasında ortalama damak genişliği ve İhtiyaç oranı arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu.
Sonuç: KIBT taramasında yumuşak damağın morfometrik analizi, damak morfolojisi tiplerindeki çeşitliliği anlamamıza yardımcı oldu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Faringeal derinlik, KIBT, Need’s oranı, Velum uzunluğu, Velum genişliği.

Keywords

Faringeal Derinlik KIBT Need's Oranı Velum Uzunluğu Velum Genişliği

References

  • Moore KL., Agur AM. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2002.
  • Drake RL., Vogl W., Mitchell AW. Grays Basic Anatomy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
  • Johns DF., Rohrich RJ., Awada M. Velopharyngeal incompetence: A guide for clinical evaluation. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2003 Dec 1;112(7):1890-8.
  • Yellinedi R, Damalacheruvu MR. Is there an optimal resting velopharyngeal gap in operated cleft palate patients? Indian J Plast Surg. 2013;46(1):87-91.
  • Marsh JL. Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction: differential diagnosis for differential management. J Craniofac Surg. 2003;14(5):621-8; discussion 9.
  • You M, Li X, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu H, Liu Y, et al. Morphological variety of the soft palate in normal individuals: a digital cephalometric study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(6):344-9.
  • Mohan RS, Verma S, Singh U, Agarwal N. Morphometric evaluation of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis-A digital cephalometric analysis. West African Journal of Radiology. 2014;21(1):7-11.
  • Subtelny JD. A cephalometric study of the growth of the soft palate. Plast Reconstr Surg (1946). 1957;19(1):49-62.
  • Pépin JL, Veale D, Ferretti GR, Mayer P, Lévy PA. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: hooked appearance of the soft palate in awake patients--cephalometric and CT findings. Radiology. 1999;210(1):163-70.
  • Simpson RK, Colton J. A cephalometric study of velar stretch in adolescent subjects. Cleft Palate J. 1980;17(1):40-7.
  • Agrawal P, Gupta A, Phulambrikar T, Singh SK, Sharma BK, Rodricks D. A Focus on Variation in Morphology of Soft Palate Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography with Assessment of Need’s Ratio in Central Madhya Pradesh Population. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(2):Zc68-71.
  • Dahal, S., Gupta, S. P., Singh, A. K., Baral, R., N, S., & Giri, A. (2022). The Morphological Variation of the Soft Palate in Hospital Visiting Patients. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 20(1), 229–233.
  • Niu YM, Wang H, Zheng Q, He X, Zhang J, Li XM, et al. [Morphology of the soft palate in normal humans with digital cephalometry]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006;24(4):321-2, 7.
  • Kumar DK., Gopal KS. Morphological variants of soft palate in normal individuals: a digital cephalometric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5:1310-3.
  • Verma P, Verma KG, Kumaraswam KL, Basavaraju S, Sachdeva SK, Juneja S. Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need’s ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44(3):193-8.
  • Onal E, Lopata M, O’Connor T. Pathogenesis of apneas in hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;125(2):167-74.
  • Cohen SR, Chen L, Trotman CA, Burdi AR. Soft-palate myogenesis: a developmental field paradigm. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993;30(5):441-6.
  • Maltais F, Carrier G, Cormier Y, Sériès F. Cephalometric measurements in snorers, non-snorers, and patients with sleep apnoea. Thorax. 1991;46(6):419-23.
  • Lim JS, Lee JW, Han C, Kwon JW. Correlation of soft palate length with velum obstruction and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018;45(3):499-503.
  • Guttal K, Breh R, Bhat R, Burde K, Naikmasur V. Diverse morphologies of soft palate in normal individuals: A cephalometric perspective. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2012;24(1):15-9.
  • Hoopes JE, Dellon AL, Fabrikant JI, Edgerton MT, Jr., Soliman AH. Cineradiographic definition of the functional anatomy and apathophysiology of the velopharynx. Cleft Palate J. 1970;7:443-54.
  • Schendel SA, Oeschlaeger M, Wolford LM, Epker BN. Velopharyngeal anatomy and maxillary advancement. J Maxillofac Surg. 1979;7(2):116-24.
  • Simpson RK, Austin AA. A cephalometric investigation of velar stretch. Cleft Palate J. 1972;9:341-51.
  • Johnston CD, Richardson A. Cephalometric changes in adult pharyngeal morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):357-62.
  • Taylor M, Hans MG, Strohl KP, Nelson S, Broadbent BH. Soft tissue growth of the oropharynx. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(5):393-400.
  • Kollias I, Krogstad O. Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes--a longitudinal cephalometric study between 22 and 42 years of age. Part II: Morphological uvulo-glossopharyngeal changes. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):345-55.

Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphological Types in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Using Need's Ratio

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 71 - 78, 01.12.2023

Kübra Gündüz Baltacı

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the soft palate morphology in several age and gender groups and to find its relationship with Need's ratio, Velum Length, Velum Width and Pharyngeal Depth with using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods:122 CBCT scans were analyzed for velar morphology and classified into different types. Velum Length, Velum Width and Pharyngeal Depth were measured on CBCT. Need's ratio was calculated by dividing Pharyngeal Depth to Velum Length.
Results: Of all the types of soft palates in the study, rat tail shaped was most commonly found. While the mean soft palate length and width was more in males, the Need's ratio was higher in females. There was a significant relationship between the mean velar length and various age groups and the values increased with increasing age. There was no significant difference between the mean velar width and Need's ratio between age groups.
Conclusion: Morphometric analysis of the soft palate in the CBCT scan helped us understand the diversity in types of palate morphology.This study may be a source for research on the etiological causes of velopharyngeal insufficiency and Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Keywords

CBCT Need's Ratio Pharyngeal Depth Velum Length Velum Width

References

  • Moore KL., Agur AM. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2002.
  • Drake RL., Vogl W., Mitchell AW. Grays Basic Anatomy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
  • Johns DF., Rohrich RJ., Awada M. Velopharyngeal incompetence: A guide for clinical evaluation. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2003 Dec 1;112(7):1890-8.
  • Yellinedi R, Damalacheruvu MR. Is there an optimal resting velopharyngeal gap in operated cleft palate patients? Indian J Plast Surg. 2013;46(1):87-91.
  • Marsh JL. Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction: differential diagnosis for differential management. J Craniofac Surg. 2003;14(5):621-8; discussion 9.
  • You M, Li X, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu H, Liu Y, et al. Morphological variety of the soft palate in normal individuals: a digital cephalometric study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(6):344-9.
  • Mohan RS, Verma S, Singh U, Agarwal N. Morphometric evaluation of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis-A digital cephalometric analysis. West African Journal of Radiology. 2014;21(1):7-11.
  • Subtelny JD. A cephalometric study of the growth of the soft palate. Plast Reconstr Surg (1946). 1957;19(1):49-62.
  • Pépin JL, Veale D, Ferretti GR, Mayer P, Lévy PA. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: hooked appearance of the soft palate in awake patients--cephalometric and CT findings. Radiology. 1999;210(1):163-70.
  • Simpson RK, Colton J. A cephalometric study of velar stretch in adolescent subjects. Cleft Palate J. 1980;17(1):40-7.
  • Agrawal P, Gupta A, Phulambrikar T, Singh SK, Sharma BK, Rodricks D. A Focus on Variation in Morphology of Soft Palate Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography with Assessment of Need’s Ratio in Central Madhya Pradesh Population. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(2):Zc68-71.
  • Dahal, S., Gupta, S. P., Singh, A. K., Baral, R., N, S., & Giri, A. (2022). The Morphological Variation of the Soft Palate in Hospital Visiting Patients. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 20(1), 229–233.
  • Niu YM, Wang H, Zheng Q, He X, Zhang J, Li XM, et al. [Morphology of the soft palate in normal humans with digital cephalometry]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006;24(4):321-2, 7.
  • Kumar DK., Gopal KS. Morphological variants of soft palate in normal individuals: a digital cephalometric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5:1310-3.
  • Verma P, Verma KG, Kumaraswam KL, Basavaraju S, Sachdeva SK, Juneja S. Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need’s ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44(3):193-8.
  • Onal E, Lopata M, O’Connor T. Pathogenesis of apneas in hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;125(2):167-74.
  • Cohen SR, Chen L, Trotman CA, Burdi AR. Soft-palate myogenesis: a developmental field paradigm. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993;30(5):441-6.
  • Maltais F, Carrier G, Cormier Y, Sériès F. Cephalometric measurements in snorers, non-snorers, and patients with sleep apnoea. Thorax. 1991;46(6):419-23.
  • Lim JS, Lee JW, Han C, Kwon JW. Correlation of soft palate length with velum obstruction and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018;45(3):499-503.
  • Guttal K, Breh R, Bhat R, Burde K, Naikmasur V. Diverse morphologies of soft palate in normal individuals: A cephalometric perspective. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2012;24(1):15-9.
  • Hoopes JE, Dellon AL, Fabrikant JI, Edgerton MT, Jr., Soliman AH. Cineradiographic definition of the functional anatomy and apathophysiology of the velopharynx. Cleft Palate J. 1970;7:443-54.
  • Schendel SA, Oeschlaeger M, Wolford LM, Epker BN. Velopharyngeal anatomy and maxillary advancement. J Maxillofac Surg. 1979;7(2):116-24.
  • Simpson RK, Austin AA. A cephalometric investigation of velar stretch. Cleft Palate J. 1972;9:341-51.
  • Johnston CD, Richardson A. Cephalometric changes in adult pharyngeal morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):357-62.
  • Taylor M, Hans MG, Strohl KP, Nelson S, Broadbent BH. Soft tissue growth of the oropharynx. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(5):393-400.
  • Kollias I, Krogstad O. Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes--a longitudinal cephalometric study between 22 and 42 years of age. Part II: Morphological uvulo-glossopharyngeal changes. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):345-55.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kübra Gündüz Baltacı 0000-0001-8005-5826

Publication Date December 1, 2023
Submission Date July 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Gündüz Baltacı K. Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphological Types in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Using Need’s Ratio. Aydin Dental Journal. 2023;9(3):71-8.
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